老高考適用2023高考英語一輪總復習第一編教材回眸Unit21HumanBiology北師大版

Unit21HumanBiology晨起第一事背誦經(jīng)典句1．Usingaformulabasedonthebody'snaturalrhythms,theSleepCalculatorwillworkoutthebesttimeforyoutoriseorgotosleep.睡眠計算器根據(jù)人體生物鐘，運用公式計算出你起床或入睡的最佳時間。2．Apartfromourbrainhavingmemory,cellsinourbody,inbillions,havetheirownmemory.除了我們的大腦有記憶外，我們身體中數(shù)十億個細胞也有記憶。3．IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.我的確希望這樣，因為我想讓你過上和我一樣長壽而健康的生活。4．Thesoftwarecanbothenhancetraditionalmedicalcareandsupportpatientswhenaccesstohealthcareislimited.這種軟件可以加強傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療，也可以在醫(yī)療服務受限的情況下給予患者支持。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心單詞)(1)abuse(vt.)濫用(2)tolerate(vt.)容忍→tolerance(n.)忍受，容忍→tolerant(adj.)容忍的，寬容的(3)doubtful(adj.)懷疑的，不肯定的→doubt(n.)懷疑(v.)懷疑，不確信(4)seek(vt.)尋找→sought(過去式)→sought(過去分詞)→seeker(n.)尋找者；探求者(5)oppose(vt.)反對→opposed(adj.)反對的，相反的→opposition(n.)反方，對立面→opposite(adj.)相反的；對面的(6)violate(vt.)違反，違背→violation(n.)違反→violent(adj.)猛烈的→violence(n.)暴力(7)cater(vt.)滿足；迎合(8)postpone(vt.)推遲；延期(9)prohibit(vt.)禁止→prohibition(n.)禁止(10)foresee(vt.)預見(11)underline(vt.)表明重要性；強調(diào)(12)thorough(adj.)徹底的；細致的(13)rob(vt.)使喪失；搶劫→robber(n.)強盜，搶劫者→robbery(n.)搶劫(14)terminal(adj.)致命的；晚期的(15)decline(vi.)下降(16)unconditionally(adv.)無條件地→conditionally(adv.)(反義詞)有條件地(17)equip(vt.)使有準備；裝備→equipment(n.)設備；裝備(18)fortune(n.)大筆錢財；巨款→fortunate(adj.)幸運的→fortunately(adv.)幸運地(19)deadline(n.)截止日期；最后日期(20)submit(vt.)提交→submission(n.)提交(21)concern(n.)擔心；憂慮→concerned(adj.)關心的→concerning(prep.)關于；有關(22)extension(n.)延期，延長，延伸Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(閱讀單詞)(1)circulate(vi.&vt.)循環(huán)；傳播；散布→circle(n.)圓，環(huán)→circular(adj.)圓形的，循環(huán)的→circulation(n.)流通；血液循環(huán)(2)digest(vt.&vi.)消化；理解，領悟(n.)摘要，文摘(3)swap(v.)交換(4)supreme(adj.)最高的，極度的(5)fundamental(adj.)根本的，基本的→fundament(n.)基礎(6)lame(adj.)站不住腳的，不易令人相信的(7)compulsory(adj.)強制性的，義務的(8)threat(n.)威脅→threaten(vt.)威脅(9)privileged(adj.)榮幸的(10)ample(adj.)充足的；充裕的(11)treat(vt.)款待(12)acute(adj.)嚴重的；劇烈的(13)mourn(v.)感到悲痛；表示哀悼(14)contradict(vt.)與(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictory(adj.)矛盾的，對立的(15)tentatively(adv.)不完全地(16)temporary(adj.)臨時的；短暫的(17)vote(vt.)表決；投票(18)sceptical(adj.)懷疑的(19)circumstance(n.)情形；情況(20)absurd(adj.)不合理的；荒謬的[單句語法填空]1.Bobcheckedtheequipment(thorough),onlytofindthepowerwasnotset.答案：thoroughly2．Inordertoreduceairpollution,manypeoplewantatotal(prohibit)onlightingfirecrackers(鞭炮)inmanycitiesduringtheSpringFestival.答案：prohibition3．StudentsarenotrequiredtotaketheTOEFLortheIELTStestbutwewelcomethe(submit)ofyourscoreifyouhavetakeneither.答案：submission4.Thespeechhemade(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.答案：concerning5．Theresearchlacksevidence,andtherefore,itsconclusionsare(doubt)．答案：doubtful6．Iam(privilege)toknowyou.答案：privileged7．Heisa(controversy)figureintheartworld.答案：controversial8．Theyare(oppose)tobuildingthehighway.答案：opposed9．Hismindstillseemedclearandhis(hear)wasexcellent.答案：hearing10．Thevolunteerskepttheirhandsinhotwateruntiltheycouldnolonger(tolerant)thepain.答案：tolerate后綴-sion構成的名詞一覽①extension延期②confusion混亂③decision決定④impression印象⑤admission允許進入，錄?、轪ggression進攻⑦expansion擴張⑧obsession入迷⑨profession職業(yè)⑩mission使命，任務?discussion討論?possession擁有1．invain徒勞，白費力氣2．a(chǎn)trandom隨便地，隨意地3．a(chǎn)tallcosts不惜一切代價，無論如何4．straightaway立刻；馬上5．wipeout徹底毀滅6．stopsthinitstracks終止；消滅7．a(chǎn)tanyrate無論如何；至少8．putoff推遲，延遲9．getthrough通過(考試等)；完成10．missout遺漏，遺忘；錯過(機會)[單句寫作]1.FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjury,butthesewereall(徒勞地)．答案：invain2．Iamappointedtointerviewpeople(隨意地)tolearnaboutthecustomers'feedbackonourproducts.答案：atrandom3．It'sobviouslynoturgent,orelsetheywouldhavecalledus(立刻).答案：straightaway4．Therearestillmanypeoplesufferingalot,andwearetodosomethingto(消滅)poverty.答案：wipeout5．Unluckily,theman(被搶走)hiscarandcellphone.答案：wasrobbedof6．Hewillkeephispromise(無論如何)．答案：atanyrate7．Atthesametime,Iwillnotforgetto(復習)mylessons.答案：goover8．Ifyoudon'tcallthemanrightaway,you'regoingto(錯過)theopportunity.答案：missouton9．Theunderseacablewasbroken;Icouldn't(接通)toParis.答案：getthrough10．Thenoisemadeithardformeto(集中)mywork.答案：focus/concentrateon1．表達“決不”的短語①in/undernocircumstances②bynomeans③onnoaccount④innoway⑤innocase⑥innosense⑦innoshape⑧onnocondition⑨onnoconsideration⑩atnotime2．“in”短語請進①invain徒然；枉費心機；徒勞；白費力氣②inplace在合適的地方③insight在視野內(nèi)；被看到④ineffect有效地⑤inadvance提前⑥inruins成為廢墟⑦inbrief簡言之⑧indespair失望⑨inrags衣衫襤褸⑩incharge負責，主管3．“動詞＋out”的短語一覽①wipeout徹底摧毀；消滅②breakout爆發(fā)③bringout使顯現(xiàn)；生產(chǎn)④carryout貫徹；執(zhí)行⑤comeout出版⑥dieout滅絕⑦figureout計算出；解決；理解；明白⑧l(xiāng)eaveout遺漏；省略⑨makeout聽出，看出⑩takeout取出?pickout挑出?pointout指出?pourout傾訴?pullout駛出?putout撲滅?puzzleout仔細考慮解決(難題等)?reachout伸出?turnout結果是，原來是?watchout小心，提防?runout用完，耗盡eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))rushout趕制(新產(chǎn)品)eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))workout算出，制定出eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))seekout搜尋到；找出eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))sendout發(fā)出，派出eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))wearout穿破；使精疲力竭eq\o(○,\s\up3(26))shoutout突然大聲地說eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))sitout不參加，不參與eq\o(○,\s\up3(28))smellout嗅出，聞到，察覺到eq\o(○,\s\up3(29))speakout(尤指不顧危險)公開反對eq\o(○,\s\up3(30))spreadout伸展，延長；鋪設eq\o(○,\s\up3(31))standout突出，顯眼eq\o(○,\s\up3(32))startout出發(fā)，動身eq\o(○,\s\up3(33))stickout伸出來，堅持到底eq\o(○,\s\up3(34))talkout把……說透eq\o(○,\s\up3(35))thinkout仔細考慮；盤算eq\o(○,\s\up3(36))throwout扔掉；開除eq\o(○,\s\up3(37))tireout使精疲力竭eq\o(○,\s\up3(38))tryout試驗，測試課文原句句式梳理仿寫訓練1.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出運動員服用違禁藥物并不容易。(P34)catchsbdoingsth“撞見某人正在做某事/抓住某人在做某事”Theteacherintheexam.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)那個男孩在考試中作弊。2.However,thisisthefirsttimeI'vebrokenmyleg.然而，這是我第一次斷腿。(P40)Thisisthefirsttime(that)...“這是第一次……”為固定句式Ihavebeenawayfromhome.這是我第一次離家。答案：1.caughttheboycheating2.Thisisthefirsttime(that)①toleratevt.忍受；容忍(不同意或者不喜歡的事物)；(對藥物)有耐受性；能經(jīng)受(困難條件)(P34)(1)單句語法填空①Physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtooharmfulto(tolerate)．②Ican'ttolerateyour(speak)toyourmotherinsucharudemanner.③Theapartmentisreallytoosmall,butit's(tolerate)forthetimebeing.答案：①betolerated②speaking③tolerable(2)句型轉換Ican'ttolerateanymoreexcuse.→Ican'tbeanymoreexcuse.答案：tolerantof/towards(1)toleratedoingsth容忍/容許做某事toleratesb/sb'sdoingsth容許/忍受某人做某事(2)tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的betolerantof/towards對……寬容(3)tolerableadj.可容忍的，可忍受的tolerancen.寬容；忍耐力eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)表示“容忍”的詞匯還有bear/stand/putupwith，常與won't/wouldn't/can't/couldn't連用。②seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.試圖，設法；尋找，尋求；探索；請求(P34)(1)單句語法填空①Heseeks(be)electedtothepositionofthegovernment.②Thetouristssoughtashadyspotwheretheysatdownandrested.③Youshouldseekadviceyourlawyeronthismatter.④Thousandsofpeoplecrossedtheborder,(seek)refugefromthewar.答案：①tobe②out③from④seeking(2)單句改錯Theyoungwriterseekstowritingabookwhichwillbewelcomedbythereaders.答案：writing→write(1)seek(for)sth/sb尋找/追求某物/某人seeksthfromsb向某人請求/尋求某事seektodosth嘗試/試圖做某事seekout挑選出；物色；找出seekone'sfortune外出闖世界；尋找成功致富的機會(2)seekern.探索者，尋求者eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)(1)seek的過去式和過去分詞均為sought。(2)seek后可接不定式作賓語，但不可接動名詞。③opposevt.反對，抵制(P34)單句語法填空①Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedto(feed)ababyregularly.②Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringthe(oppose)．③Motherstronglyopposedmy(travel)onmyownthissummervacation.④—Sam,canyoutellmewhatIRLmeans?—Itmeans“inreallife”，as(oppose)totalkingwithsomeoneontheInternetoroverthephone.答案：①feeding②opposite③traveling④opposedeq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(1opposedoingsth,beopposedtodoingsth))反對(做)某事asopposedto(表示對比)而，相對于(2)oppositeprep.在……的對面adj.對立的，相反的(3)oppositionn.反對，抵抗④contradictvi.&vt.反駁，駁斥；與……相矛盾，相反(P34)(1)單句語法填空①It'sunwise(contradict)yourboss.②Wearefacedwithtwo(contradict)statements.③Youclearlycontradicted(you)withyoursecondstatement.答案：①tocontradict②contradictory③yourself(2)句型轉換Whatshesaidcontradictedherrealactions.→Whatshesaidherrealactions.答案：wasincontradictionto(1)contradictoneself自相矛盾(2)contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的，對立的，不一致的(3)bein(direct)contradictionto與……相矛盾/對立⑤postponevt.推遲，延期(P37)(1)單句語法填空①Ourmanagerdecidedtopostponehisvacationnextmonth.②Bypostponing(make)adecision,wegetmoreinformationabouttheproject.③Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwould(postpone)．答案：①until/to②making③bepostponed(2)單句改錯Hedecidedtopostponedeliverthelecture,owingtohisbadhealth.答案：deliver→deliveringpostponesthto/until...把某事推遲到……postponedoingsth耽擱/推遲做某事eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)表示“推遲，延期”的詞或短語還有delay,putoff,holdup等。⑥prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止，阻止(P38)單句語法填空①Theyareprohibitedfrom(reveal)detailsaboutthecandidates.②Weprohibit(smoke)intheofficeduringworkinghours.③Smoking(prohibit)inpublicplaces.答案：①revealing②smoking③isprohibited(1)prohibit(doing)sth禁止(做)某事prohibitsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事(2)prohibitionn.禁止，阻止，禁令aprohibitionon/against……的禁令eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)prohibit表示制定正式規(guī)章進行“禁止”，并有強制執(zhí)行的意思。表示“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表達方式：discouragesbfromdoingsth,bansbfromdoingsth,preventsbfromdoingsth,keepsbfromdoingsth,forbidsbfromdoingsth,stopsbfromdoingsth。⑦declinen.衰落，衰??；減少；下降vi.&vt.衰落，衰退；下降；婉言謝絕(P40)(1)寫出下列句中decline的漢語意思①Chimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.②Oilproductionhasalreadypeakedandisonthedeclineinabout50nations.③Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.④Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.答案：①拒絕②下降③下降④衰退(2)單句語法填空①ThepriceoftheTVsetdeclined$1,400$900each.②It'ssaidthatmisbehaviorbytopofficialsisthedecline.答案：①from;to②on(1)fallinto(a)decline開始衰退indecline/onthedecline走下坡路；衰退中；在減少declinein/ofsth在某個方面減少/下降(2)declinetodosth拒絕做某事declineto減少到declineby減少了形象記憶⑧equipvt.裝備，配備；(常用被動語態(tài))使具備；使勝任(P41)(1)單句語法填空①Weaimtoequipyounggraduatesacompetitivebusinessenvironment.②(equip)withanewtypeofmachine,theexplorerswentintoacave,hopingtofindsomeburiedtreasure.③Pleaseequipyourselfasharppencilandarubberfortheexam.④Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessary(equip)withyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.答案：①for②Equipped③with④equipment(2)單句改錯Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipments.答案：equipments→equipment(1)equip...forsth為某事而準備/裝備……equipsbtodosth使某人能夠做某事equip...with...用……裝備/配備……；使……具有(學問、能力等)(be)equippedwith...裝備/配備有……；擁有……(2)equipmentn.設備，裝備apieceofequipment一件裝備⑨fortunen.[C]大筆的錢，財富；命運，前途[U]運氣(P41)(1)寫出下列句中fortune的漢語意思①Europeansseeapiggybankasasignofgoodfortuneandwealth.②ReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancostafortune,especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.③Whatcanhelpyoumakeafortuneinthefuture？答案：①運氣②大筆的錢③財富(2)單句語法填空①He's(fortune)inhavingsuchgoodfriends.②(fortune),thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.③Heisfortunate(be)abletoworkinLondon.答案：①fortunate②Fortunately③tobe(1)makea/one'sfortune發(fā)財seekafortune尋出路tryone'sfortune碰運氣tellone'sfortune算命(2)fortunateadj.幸運的befortunateindoingsth有幸做某事befortunatetodosth有幸做某事(3)fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸運地unfortunately＝unluckilyadv.不幸地①invain徒然；白費力氣；徒勞(P34)單句寫作①Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobequiet,but(白費力氣)．②Moneyandeducation,however,changehim,andbeforelonghe(變得虛榮)andashamedofhisbackground.③He(徒勞的嘗試)toreachthesummitofthemountain.④We(枉費心機地試圖)makehimchangehismind.答案：①invain②becomesvain③madeavainattempt④triedinvaintovainadj.徒勞的；枉然的；無結果的；虛榮的tryinvaintodosth枉費心機地試圖做某事makeavainattempt/effort徒勞的嘗試/努力②atallcosts＝atanycost不管多大代價，無論如何(P34)單句寫作①“Aslongasthereisaglimmerofhopewedoit(不惜一切代價)，\”ZhongNanshansaid.②Hesavedhissonfromdrowningbutonly(以……為代價)hisownlife.③Totellyouthetruth,Isoldyouthiscoat(按成本價)．答案：①atallcosts/atanycost②atthecost/expenseof③atcostatthecost/expenseof以……為代價atacostof以……的價格atcost按成本價atalow/highcost低/高成本地③wipeout徹底毀滅，全部摧毀(P38)單句語法填空①A0.9-meterrisewouldwipetheirhabitatcompletely.②Hewipedthedirtthetablewithasponge.③Shewassniffingandwipinghereyesatissue.答案：①out②off③withwipe...from/off...把……從……擦掉wipe...away/off擦掉……；抹掉……wipe...with...用……擦……①[教材原句]ManycontemporaryamateurathleteswouldhavebrokenworldrecordsiftheyhadtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames.假如許多當代業(yè)余選手參加了第一屆奧運會的話，他們就會打破世界紀錄。(P34)單句語法填空①Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.②Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday，wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.③Ireallyappreciateyourhelp,otherwise,I(notbe)abletosellthishouseinsuchashortperiod.④itbefinetomorrow,wewouldgooutforahiking.答案：①haddriven②hadcaught③wouldn'thavebeen④Should②[教材原句]Unlesswearecareful,“gene-therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.如果我們不注意，“基因療法”將會成為下一個重大威脅。(P34)(1)單句語法填空①Relationshipcanbehealthywenevercrossthewallsofrespect.②someextramoneyisfound,thecinemawillclose.答案：①if②Unless(2)單句改錯Iwillnotgoabroadunlesssomeonepaidmyexpenses.答案：paid→paysunless意為“如果不，除非”，引導條件狀語從句。(1)unless與if...not都可以譯作“如果不……”，常?？梢酝ㄓ?，但unless語氣更強；另外，它不能用于虛擬語氣，而后者可以。(2)當unless引出分詞短語時，不能用if...not來替換。③[教材原句]Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來，改變了基因的運動員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒百米紀錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松紀錄。(P34)(1)單句語法填空①Theteacherhashisstudents(read)Englisheverymorning.②Shehadthelight(burn)allnight.③Hehadhisleg(injure)intheaccident.④Wehaveeveryreason(think)therearelivingcreatureslikeusintheuniverse.答案：①read②burning③injured④tothink(2)單句寫作①Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow;you'veoftenenough.到現(xiàn)在你應該理解這條交通規(guī)則了，已經(jīng)給你解釋得夠多了。②Thebossoftenfor10hoursaday.老板經(jīng)常讓他們一天工作10小時。答案：①haditexplained②hasthemwork“have＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構(1)have＋賓語＋dosth讓某人做某事(2)have＋賓語＋doingsth讓某人或某物持續(xù)做某事(3)have/get＋賓語＋done讓某事被做/請別人做某事/遭遇某事eq\a\vs4\al(特別提醒)(1)havesthtodo表示“有某事要做”，不定式作定語(2)havesbdosth＝let/makesbdosth＝get/causesbtodosth讓某人做某事④[教材原句]Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來，改變了基因的運動員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒百米紀錄或不到兩個小時的馬拉松紀錄。(P34)單句語法填空①Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.②Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.③Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.④Someone(leave)thetapon,forthewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.答案：①can②needn't③can④musthaveleft根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesire1(succeed)atallcosts.Nowrecordshavefallenintrackandfieldduetobetter2(equip),traininganddietsincethefirstOlympicGames.Butwecome3theissueofperformance-enhancingdrugs,whichisknown4doping.Someathleteswhoabusethedrugsriskfacingserioushealthproblemsin5(late)life.Theyseektoachievebeyondtheir6(nature)limits.7iscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutother8(participate)areonlytestedatrandom.What'sworse,“gene-therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgenes9(change)mightbeabletodobetterthantheyshouldbe.Soif10(dope)andgene-therapycontinuetoaffecttheoutcomesofmajorsportingevents,theword“hero”willhavelostallmeaning.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.tosucceed2.equipment3.across4.as5．later6.natural7.It8.participants9.changed10．dopingⅠ.單句語法填空1．SmokingleavesSaminpoorhealth;hiswifehastriedvaintopersuadehimtoquitsmoking,though.答案：in句意：吸煙使薩姆的健康狀況很差。盡管他妻子試圖勸說他戒煙卻是徒勞的。invain“徒勞地”。2．Thelawmustseek(protect)therightsofcitizens.答案：toprotectseektodosth“設法/試圖做某事”。3．Sheisverymuch(oppose)tohisgoingabroad.答案：opposed句意：她非常反對他出國。beopposedtodoingsth“反對做某事”。4．ChinesegovernmentpreventedtheCOVID－19fromspreadingatall(cost)．答案：costs句意：中國政府不惜一切代價來阻止這種疾病蔓延。atallcosts“不惜一切代價”。5．Mybabysisternevercriessheishungry.答案：unless句意：我那剛出生的妹妹除非餓了，否則她是從來不哭的。根據(jù)句意，這里用unless引導條件狀語從句。6．Wouldyouliketohaveyourwriting(publish)inthismagazine?答案：published句意：你想要你的文章發(fā)表在這本雜志上嗎？havesthdone“使某事被做”。7．Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,we(put)offthemeetingtillnextMonday.答案：should/would/couldput句意：要是他明天來不了，我們將把會議推遲到下周一。此處是對將來情況的虛擬，故主句用would/could/should＋動詞原形。8．IfIwereyou,I(take)hisadvice.答案：wouldhavetaken句意：如果我是你的話，我就接納他的建議。此處是虛擬語氣，主句與過去事實相反，故用wouldhavetaken。9．Thepoliceprohibit(park)inthecitycentre.答案：parking句意：警方禁止在市中心停車。prohibitdoingsth“禁止做某事”。10．(live)withherfor5years,heknowsherverywell.答案：Havinglived句意：與她一起生活了五年，他非常了解她?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式強調(diào)動作先于句子謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生。Ⅱ.單句寫作1．Policesearched(徒勞)forthemissinggunman.答案：invain2．Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable,thisnewkindofshoes(配有)amicro-fan.答案：isequippedwith3．Tenminutesearlier,andwemissingtheearlybus.再早十分鐘的話，我們就可以避免錯過早班的公共汽車。答案：couldhaveavoided4．當國王讓人們修建這些金字塔時，他們也許決不會想到會發(fā)生這事。(have的賓語補足語)答案：WhenthekingshadthePyramidsbuiltforthem,theyperhapsneverimaginedthiswouldhappen.5．你上周怎么沒有告訴我你遇到的困難？如果你告訴了我，我會給你幫助的。答案：Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtoldme,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Ⅲ.語法填空Somepeoplearegreatatrememberingfaces.Oncetheymeetyou,theyneverforgethowyoulook,whileforotherpeople,rememberingafaceis1(simple)impossible.Suchpeoplehaveaconditionofthebraincalled“faceblindness”，2actualnameisdevelopmentalprosopagnosia(人面失認癥),orDPforshort.Therewasatimewhenfaceblindness3(think)toberare.Butrecent4(study)haveshownthatitmightbemorecommonthanexpertshadthought.ThelateststudyonfaceblindnesscamefromDuchaine,5professorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatDartmouthCollege.Hewantedtofindout6thetesteescouldrecognizepicturesoffamouspeopleornot.SoheusedfMRItomeasureactivitiesintheirbrains.AnfMRIcanidentifychemicalandotherchanges7(result)frombloodflow.Resultsshowedthatwhen8(show)famousfaces,thetesteesdrewablankwiththem.Buttheycouldidentifytheactorwhohasonespecificfeature,suchashisspecialchinormoustache.Duchainesaidthisstudy9(it)wouldnotdirectlyleadtoanytreatments.However,hesaiditcouldleadtoamuch10(deep)understandingofhowweremembertheworldaroundus.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有關臉盲癥的信息和最新研究，該研究有助于我們就如何記住周圍的世界有一個更深的了解。1．simply考查詞性轉換。修飾形容詞impossible應用副詞，故填simply。2．whose考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，作actualname的定語，故填whose。3．wasthought考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“Therewasatime”可知，應用一般過去時；此處是sthbethoughttobe，為被動結構，意為“某物被認為……”。故填wasthought。4．studies考查名詞。根據(jù)設空前的recent以及設空后的haveshown可知，此處應用名詞的復數(shù)，故填studies。5．a(chǎn)考查冠詞?！?professorofpsychologicalandbrainsciences”是Duchaine的同位語，此處泛指一位教授，故用不定冠詞；且professor的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。6．whether/if考查賓語從句的連接詞。設空處引導賓語從句，同時結合句意及句末的ornot可知，連接詞應是whether或if。故填whether/if。7．resulting考查非謂語動詞。本句已經(jīng)有謂語canidentify，故此處應用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，故填resulting。8．shown考查非謂語動詞。when引導狀語從句，設空處為thetesteeswereshown的省略形式，故填shown。9．itself考查代詞。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結構可知，設空處作thisstudy的同位語，應用反身代詞，指“這項研究本身”，故填itself。10．deeper考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)設空前的amuch以及設空后的understanding可知，設空處應用形容詞的比較級，表示“對于如何記住我們周圍的世界有一個更深的了解”，故填deeper。Ⅳ.短文改錯Theenvironmentpollutionbecamemoreandmoreserioustoday.Wewillhavenocleanwatertodrinkbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreescutdown,someanimalswilldisappear.Thereismoreandmoreofdirtysmokeintheair.People'shealthhasbeengreataffectedbyair,noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseasescausingbypollution.Inordertolivethebetterlife,it'stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle,reduceandreusethings,whosavesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingsaslongaspossibly.Don'tuseplasticbag.Besides,wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingitdown.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.答案：Theenvironmentpollutioneq\o(became,\s\do8(①becomes))moreandmoreserioustoday.Wewillhavenocleanwatertodrinkbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreeseq\o(∧,\s\do8(②are))cutdown,someanimalswilldisappear.Thereismoreandmoreeq\o(eq\o(of,＼),\s\do9(③))dirtysmokeintheair.People'shealthhasbeeneq\o(great,\s\do8(④greatly))affectedbyair,noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseaseseq\o(causing,\s\do8(⑤caused))bypollution.Inordertoliveeq\o(the,\s\do8(⑥a))betterlife,it'stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle,reduceandreusethings,eq\o(who,\s\do8(⑦which))savesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingsaslongaseq\o(possibly,\s\do8(⑧possible)).Don'tuseplasticeq\o(bag,\s\do8(⑨bags)).Besides,wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingeq\o(it,\s\do8(⑩them))down.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.1．became→becomes考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：如今，環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴重。today表明應該用一般現(xiàn)在時，故將became改為becomes。2．trees后加are考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：當樹木被砍伐，一些動物會消失。trees與cutdown之間是被動關系，且為一般現(xiàn)在時，故在trees后加are。3．去掉of考查介詞。句意：空氣中有越來越多的骯臟的煙。more為限定詞，直接修飾名詞，of是多余的，故去掉of。4．great→greatly考查副詞。句意：人們的健康受到空氣、噪音以及水污染的嚴重影響。修飾動詞affected用副詞，故將great改為greatly。5．causing→caused考查過去分詞。diseases與cause之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，表示被動，用過去分詞作定語，故將causing改為caused。6．the→a考查冠詞。句意：為了生活得更好，我們是時候保護我們的世界了。此處的life是可數(shù)名詞，此處用不定冠詞表泛指，livea...life表示“過一種……樣的生活”，故將the改為a。7．who→which考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：我們應該回收、減少使用和再利用，這樣可以省錢和減少污染，此處為非限制性定語從句，關系詞指代前面的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語，故將who改為which。8．possibly→possible考查形容詞。句意：盡可能長時間地使用物品。as...aspossible表示“盡可能……”，故將possibly改為possible。9．bag→bags考查名詞。bag是可數(shù)名詞，此處用復數(shù)表示泛指，故將bag改為bags。10．it→them考查代詞。句意：此外，我們要種植更多的樹并阻止人們砍伐它們。此處指代trees作cutting的賓語，故將it改為them。課時作業(yè)Ⅰ.完形填空(2022·黑龍江省實驗中學高三月考)Yearsago,Ihadafalling-outwithafriendduetoamisunderstandingthatwascompletelymyfault.Iwasafraidto1thatIwaswrong,sowehadn'tspokenforyears.Thenwebumpedintoeachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.Itwasso2thatwekeptmeeting.AftertwoorthreemealstogetherIfeltforcedtoapologizeformy3yearsearlier.Myexperienceisn'tunique.Manypeople4apologizingbecausetheideaofadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthem5uncomfortable.Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talways6ourstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictim(受害者)won't7ourapology.Weallliketo8ourselvesasgoodpeople—askind,considerateandmoral.Forthese9，anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.Givenmyexperience,thereisno10thatanapologyisanimportanttoolfor11relationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.Usuallya(n)12apologyiscalledfor,butifthevictimisangryatthewrongbehavior,itmaybemore13towait,becausetheir14maystopthemfromacceptingourapologies.Alsoadelay15anapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthattheoffenderhastimetoreflectonhis/her16.Butaheartfeltapologyhasmorepowerfuleffects,whichcanimproveourmentalhealthandrepairour17personalrelationships.18，expressingregretandacknowledgingresponsibilityarealsovital.Without19，it'sagoodreasonofyouractions;withoutresponsibility,it'sanexcuse.MyfriendandIhadlunchrecently,15yearsaftermybelatedapology.Admittingthateverythinghadbeenmyfaulthelpedushealourrelationship.We'reboth20tohaveourfriendshiptoday.篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者以自己的道歉經(jīng)歷為例，分析了人們不想道歉的原因，并就如何道歉提供了一些建議。1．A.report B．believeC．a(chǎn)dmit D．record答案：Creport“報告”；believe“相信”；admit“承認”；record“記錄”。根據(jù)前文“Yearsago,Ihadafalling-outwithafriendduetoamisunderstandingthatwascompletelymyfault.(幾年前，我和朋友因為一個誤會鬧翻了，那完全是我的錯。)”可知，錯在作者，但作者卻不承認，以致兩人多年未說話。故選C。2．A.pleasant B．a(chǎn)wkwardC．ridiculous D．wise答案：Apleasant“令人愉快的”；awkward“令人尷尬的”；ridiculous“愚蠢的；荒謬的”；wise“明智的；聰明的”。根據(jù)前文“Thenwebumpedintoeachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.”可知，作者和朋友重聚了，且后文“Aftertwoorthreemealstogether”提及他們又一起吃了兩三頓飯，說明他們的見面很愉快。故選A。3．A.comment B．promiseC．trouble D．behavior答案：Dcomment“評論；意見”；promise“允諾；答應”；trouble“困難；苦惱”；behavior“行為”。根據(jù)前文“Ifeltforcedtoapologize”可知，作者想要道歉，應是因為之前錯誤的行為。故選D。4．A.allow B．a(chǎn)voidC．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．a(chǎn)dmit答案：Ballow“允許”；avoid“避免”；appreciate“欣賞；感激”；admit“承認”。根據(jù)后文“becausetheideaofadmittingtowrongdoingmakesthem5uncomfortable”可知，承認錯誤是令自己不舒服的，因此就會拒絕或避免去承認。故選B。5．A.regretfully B．slightlyC．eagerly D．terribly答案：D句意：許多人不愿意道歉，因為一想到承認自己做錯了什么，他們就會覺得非常不舒服。regretfully“懊悔地；遺憾地”；slightly“略微；稍微”；eagerly“急切地；渴望地”；terribly“非常；可怕地”。此處用程度副詞terribly修飾設空后的“uncomfortable”，表示“很不舒服”。故選D。6．A.gobackto B．lookupt