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專四聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,短文,新聞1.聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)---找出每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,將同一語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)中的關(guān)鍵詞聯(lián)系起來(lái),推測(cè)問(wèn)題的大體內(nèi)容。2.聽(tīng)中關(guān)鍵A.一定要聽(tīng)懂開(kāi)頭部分(可忽略雙方寒暄),這部分往往會(huì)引出談話的主題。B.在初步了解對(duì)話談?wù)撝黝}的情況下,將聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)階段所預(yù)測(cè)的各題的考查內(nèi)容帶入聽(tīng)音過(guò)程,重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)與選項(xiàng)有聯(lián)系的地方C.不必急于做題,以免打斷思維,導(dǎo)致后面內(nèi)容沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂。3.聽(tīng)后選擇----根據(jù)之前預(yù)測(cè),回憶在聽(tīng)中階段所重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容。----瀏覽選項(xiàng),選出與所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容一致的選項(xiàng)。1.問(wèn)答處長(zhǎng)對(duì)話是由對(duì)話雙方的一問(wèn)一答構(gòu)成的,其中一方通常會(huì)提出問(wèn)題,另一方則給出答案。很多時(shí)候,對(duì)話一方提出的問(wèn)題會(huì)成為題目,而解題關(guān)鍵就在另一方的回答。因此,在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中,如果聽(tīng)到一方提問(wèn),那么就要意識(shí)到后面的回答可能答案出處。Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstafff.C)Developingcomputerprograms.D)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstafff.C)Developingcomputerprograms.D)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.M:Whatwasthemostdifficultpartofyourjob?W:Probablyhandlingangrycustomers.Wedidn'thavethemveryoften,butwhenwedid,Ineededtomakesuretheywerewelltakencareof.Afterall,thecustomerisalwaysright.Q:Whatdoesthewomansaywasthemostdifficultpartofherjob?分析:聽(tīng)到男士的提問(wèn)迅速反應(yīng),女士的回答可能是解題關(guān)鍵。男士問(wèn)女士在工作中遇到的最困難的事情是什么,女士回答說(shuō)可能是處理生氣的顧客,A)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為答案。2.結(jié)尾處對(duì)話結(jié)尾往往會(huì)涉及對(duì)話雙方的態(tài)度、建議或決定等,有時(shí)還能進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)對(duì)話的主題及場(chǎng)景,也是出題人重點(diǎn)考查的地方。A)Difficultbutrewarding.B)Variedandinteresting.C)Time-consumingandtiring.D)Demandingandfrustrating.A)Difficultbutrewarding.B)Variedandinteresting.C)Time-consumingandtiring.D)Demandingandfrustrating.M:...TheLanguuageSchoolwantsmetodoabitofexampreparation,butalsoquitealotofworkincompaniesandfactories,andacoupleofchildren'sclasses.Oh,andabitofliteratureteaching.W:Well,thatsoundsmuchmorevariedandinteresting...Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobattheLanguageSchool?分析:對(duì)結(jié)尾處以及觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處結(jié)合在一起,更加值得關(guān)注。對(duì)話結(jié)尾處,男士介紹了語(yǔ)言學(xué)校的工作要求,女士對(duì)此發(fā)表了個(gè)人觀點(diǎn):更加變化多樣、更加有趣。B)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn),故為答案。3.因果關(guān)系處因果關(guān)系處通常是對(duì)話雙方解釋自己持有某種觀點(diǎn)或做出某種行為的原因??荚囍型ǔ?huì)對(duì)原因狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行考查,考生在聽(tīng)到一些引出因果關(guān)系的詞,如because,for,thanksto,dueto等時(shí),要迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容很可能是解題的關(guān)鍵。A)Helosthismother.B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.C)Hemissedhisaunt.D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.A)Helosthismother.B)HewasunhappyinCalifornia.C)Hemissedhisaunt.D)Hehadtoattendschoolthere.W:Edward,telluswhatyouknowaboutDean'searlylife.M:HewasborninIndianain1931,buthisparentsmovedtoCaliforniawhenhewasfive.Hewasn'ttherelong,though,becausehismotherpassedawayjustfouryearslater.Jimmy'sfathersenthimbacktoIndianaafterthattolivewithhisaunt.Q:WhydidJamesDeanmovebacktoIndianawhenhewasyoung?分析:聽(tīng)到男士話中的because迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。對(duì)話中,女士請(qǐng)男士介紹一下Dean的早期生活。男士說(shuō)Dean出生于印第安納州,5歲的時(shí)候隨父母移居加利福利亞州,但他在那生活的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng),因?yàn)樗哪赣H四年后過(guò)世了,所以他的父親又把他送回了印第安納州。A)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為答案。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處對(duì)話雙方發(fā)表對(duì)某人或某事的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度是聽(tīng)力考試中常涉及的考點(diǎn)。在聽(tīng)到引出觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞,如think,believe,assume,want以及其他表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的形容詞,如optimistic,negative,positive等時(shí)要迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容很可能成為考點(diǎn)。Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.B)Migratetootherplanets.C)Controltheenvironment.D)Findinexhaustibleresources.示例A)Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.B)Migratetootherplanets.C)Controltheenvironment.D)Findinexhaustibleresources.W:Willwehavecontrolofeverything?M:Ithinkwe'lllearntocontroltheweather,volcanoesandearthquakes.Illnesswon'texist.We'llgrownewlivers,kidneys,hearts,andlungslikesparepartsforacar.Peoplewilllivetoabout130or150.For2000years,wehavetriedtounderstandourenvironment.Nowwe'llbegintocontrolit.分析:聽(tīng)到男士話中的Ithink迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。女士問(wèn)男士我們(指人類)是否會(huì)控制所有的事情。男士說(shuō)他認(rèn)為人類將會(huì)學(xué)者控制天氣、火山和地震,世界上將會(huì)沒(méi)有疾病,人們的壽命會(huì)延長(zhǎng),我們一直都在嘗試?yán)斫猸h(huán)境,現(xiàn)在我們將學(xué)會(huì)控制它。C)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn),故為答案。5.轉(zhuǎn)折處轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞,如but,however,insteadof等之后通常會(huì)引出說(shuō)話者真正想表達(dá)的意圖或?qū)嶋H想法,通常會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewahtaffectedbyit.C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.A)Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewahtaffectedbyit.C)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.D)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.M:What?Forteaching?W:Yes.Igetreallybadstagefright.ButtheminuteIstepintotheclassroomorgetontothestage,itjustallfallsintoplace.
ThenIjustfeellike:Yeah,thisiswhatImeantodo.AndI'mfine.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherstagefright?分析:聽(tīng)到女士話中的but迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)她有怯場(chǎng)的毛病,但隨后轉(zhuǎn)折(but)指出,只要她一進(jìn)入教室踏上講臺(tái),就不會(huì)怯場(chǎng)了。C)是對(duì)原文的同一轉(zhuǎn)述,故為答案。6.開(kāi)頭處對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭通常會(huì)引出對(duì)話的主旨,出題人通常會(huì)在這里設(shè)置主旨題,主要考查對(duì)談話主題或場(chǎng)景的把握。Interviewingamoviestar.B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.D)Reviewinganewbiography.A)Interviewingamoviestar.B)Discussingteenagerolemodels.C)Hostingatelevisionshow.D)Reviewinganewbiography.W:Goodevening,andwelcometotonight'seditionofLegendaryLives.OursubjectthiseveningisJamesDean--actorandherofortheyoungpeopleofhistime.EdwardNervyistheauthorofanewbiographyofDean.Goodevening,Edward.M:Hello,Tina...Q:Whatisthewomandoing?分析:對(duì)話開(kāi)頭處,從女士的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白Goodevening,andwelcometotonight's...可知,女士正在主持節(jié)目,故答案為C)。7.舉例處對(duì)話雙方在討論問(wèn)題時(shí),通常會(huì)通過(guò)舉例的方式來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)或使較為復(fù)雜的事情更加簡(jiǎn)潔易懂。常用來(lái)引出例子的詞或短語(yǔ)有suchas,forexample,forinstance等。在聽(tīng)到此類詞時(shí)應(yīng)迅速反應(yīng),其后的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)成為考點(diǎn)。Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.B)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.C)Theshortageofhi-techpersonal.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-notsA)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.B)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.C)Theshortageofhi-techpersonal.D)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.M:...Firstofall,though,wemustremembertheproblemsfacingBrazilatthemoment.W:Suchas...?M:There'sanenormousgapbetweentherichandthepoorinthiscountry.Q:WhatproblemsdoesAlbertosayBrazilfacesnow?分析:聽(tīng)到女士話中的suchas迅速反應(yīng),其后可能會(huì)舉例說(shuō)明巴西遇到的問(wèn)題之一。對(duì)話中男士指出,巴西現(xiàn)在遇到很多問(wèn)題,女士請(qǐng)男士舉例說(shuō)明(suchas)一下。男士說(shuō),巴西國(guó)內(nèi)貧富差距巨大。D)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為答案。8.建議處對(duì)話中一方給另一方提出建議或解決問(wèn)題的方法有時(shí)也會(huì)成為考查的內(nèi)容。Trimtheappletreesinheryard.B)Pickuptheapplesthatfellinheryard.C)Takethegarbagetothecurbforher.D)Removethebranchesfromheryard.A)Trimtheappletreesinheryard.B)Pickuptheapplesthatfellinheryard.C)Takethegarbagetothecurbforher.D)Removethebranchesfromheryard.M:Yeah,I'mgladit'sfinished.Haulingthebranchestothefrontforgarbagepick-upwasnofun,either.W:Well,Idon'tthinkyou'requitefinishedyet--someofthethelargerbranchesfelloverintomyyard,andIthinkyoushouldcomeandgetthem...Q:Whatdidthewomanaskthemantodo?分析:聽(tīng)到女士話中的think迅速反應(yīng)其后應(yīng)該是表達(dá)她的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)留意。再結(jié)合對(duì)話中的Ithinkyoushould(通常用于表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的建議),可知,女士是在建議男士將她的院子里的樹(shù)枝弄走,D)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為答案??键c(diǎn)歸納問(wèn)答處結(jié)尾處因果關(guān)系處觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處轉(zhuǎn)折處開(kāi)頭處舉例處建議處
常用語(yǔ)ninetimesoutoften/tentoone十有八九,通常;offthetopofone’shead不清楚;outofthequestion;ringabell使想起(某事),聽(tīng)起來(lái)耳熟;sleeplikealog睡得很熟,酣睡;takeashort-cut走捷徑;throwcoldwateron對(duì)潑涼水,不贊成;turn/givethecoldshoulderon/tosb疏遠(yuǎn)某人,冷淡某人;cannotseethewoodforthetrees見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林Listeningcomprehension聽(tīng)力理解部分為選擇題,分SectionA,SectionB和SectionC,共30題。SectionA:為三組對(duì)話(conversations),共有10題。SectionB:為三篇短文(passages),共有10題。SectionC:在幾篇VOA或BBC聽(tīng)力材料后有幾道選擇題,共10題。聽(tīng)力部分的每題后有約10秒的間隙,錄音念一遍。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話怎么聽(tīng)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話?1.聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)---根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問(wèn)題針對(duì)什么提問(wèn)。如:A.選項(xiàng)都是以動(dòng)詞的原型、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式開(kāi)頭,則表明問(wèn)題可能考查的是“行為活動(dòng)”B.如果選項(xiàng)中含有表示意愿或的詞(should,hadbetter,wouldlike等),表明問(wèn)題可能考查的是“觀點(diǎn),態(tài)度或建議)C.如果選項(xiàng)中含有觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的詞(think,like,dislike,agree等),表明問(wèn)題可能考查的是“對(duì)某人或某物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度”D.如果選項(xiàng)中含有比較級(jí),表明問(wèn)題可能考查的是“某人與某人之間或某物與某物之間的異同點(diǎn)或優(yōu)劣的比較”。E.如果選項(xiàng)均為概括性較強(qiáng)的名詞短語(yǔ),表明問(wèn)題可能考查的是“對(duì)話的主題或?qū)υ捴谐霈F(xiàn)的某一話題的主題。英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)話常考題型1.主旨要義題常見(jiàn)的就對(duì)話主題而提的問(wèn)題有:
Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?
Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?
Whatisthesubjectofthisconversation?
Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheconversation?
英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)話??碱}型1.主旨要義題:?jiǎn)枌?duì)話討論的是什么。
a.盡量在腦海中描述出正進(jìn)行的對(duì)話:對(duì)誰(shuí)在進(jìn)行對(duì)話,在哪里進(jìn)行對(duì)話做一定的假設(shè);
b.尤其注意聽(tīng)一些關(guān)鍵詞,被重復(fù)的詞等等;
c.對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納,什么是中心思想;
d.特別注意提問(wèn)句,因?yàn)閷?duì)話通常是一問(wèn)一答,答的內(nèi)容通常是圍繞問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的。
常見(jiàn)的就對(duì)話主題而提的問(wèn)題有:
Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?
Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?
Whatisthesubjectofthisconversation?
Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheconversation?
2.身份職業(yè)題:?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩者的關(guān)系等。常見(jiàn)的就身份、職業(yè)及人物關(guān)系而提的問(wèn)題有:
Whatistheperson‘sprobablevocation/job?
Whoarethespeakers?
Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?
Whoisthewoman/manspeakingto?常見(jiàn)的身份、職業(yè)及其相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子:
Customerandshop-assistant(salesgirl)
forsaleonsalediscount30percentoff
sellingseasonsizestylefashion
instockoutofstockpricechange
refund(退款;退還)warranty(保證書(shū);保單)deliver交付salesslip銷貨單,銷售發(fā)票
undergraduatepostgraduateregistergraduate
graduationceremonytermpapermid-examfinal
summercoursegradesemester/termquiz
2.身份職業(yè)題:?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩者的關(guān)系等。
常見(jiàn)的就身份、職業(yè)及人物關(guān)系而提的問(wèn)題有:
Whatistheperson‘sprobablevocation/job?
Whoarethespeakers?
Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?
Whoisthewoman/manspeakingto?常見(jiàn)的身份、職業(yè)及其相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子:
Customerandshop-assistant(salesgirl)
forsaleonsalediscount30percentoff
sellingseasonsizestylefashion
instockoutofstockpricechange
refund(退款;退還)warranty(保證書(shū);保單)deliver交付salesslip銷貨單,銷售發(fā)票
undergraduatepostgraduateregistergraduate
graduationceremonytermpapermid-examfinal
summercoursegradesemester/termquiz
3地點(diǎn)方位問(wèn)題:?jiǎn)枌?duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景。
關(guān)于地點(diǎn)的提問(wèn)形式通常為:Wheredoes/didtheconversationprobablytakeplace?Wherearethemanandwomanspeaking?Wherearethespeakersnow?Wherewilltheman/thewomango?Whereistheman/thewoman?
1.School:assignment,lecture,paper,exam,campus,dorm,grades2.Bank:account,cash,check,deposit,savings3.Hospital/Clinic:prescription,symptom,temperature,cold,fever,stomachache,pain,trouble4.Restaurant:menu,soup,drink,beverage,dish,beef,chicken,order,bill
5.Airport/Station:train,coach,car,timetable,takeoff,passenger6.PostOffice:parcel,package,stamp,letter,airmail,regularmail,postage,rate
3.地點(diǎn)方位問(wèn)題:?jiǎn)枌?duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景。
School:assignment,lecture,paper,exam,campus,dorm,grades
Bank:account,cash,check,deposit,savings
Hospital/Clinic:prescription,symptom,temperature,cold,fever,stomachache,pain,trouble
Restaurant:menu,soup,drink,beverage,dish,beef,chicken,order,bill
Airport/Station:train,coach,car,timetable,takeoff,passenger
PostOffice:parcel,package,stamp,letter,airmail,regularmail,postage,rate
關(guān)于地點(diǎn)的提問(wèn)形式通常為:
Wheredoes/didtheconversationprobablytakeplace?
Wherearethemanandwomanspeaking?
Wherearethespeakersnow?
Wherewilltheman/thewomango?
Whereistheman/thewoman?
4時(shí)間數(shù)字計(jì)算題:對(duì)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的一些時(shí)間和數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn),通常要經(jīng)過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。
此類問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式通常為:
When/Atwhattimedidtheconversation/dialoguetakeplace?
Whenistheman/thewomangoingto...?
Howmuch/Howmany...?
Howlong...?
Howoften...?
聽(tīng)力試題所涉及的數(shù)字包括:年代、時(shí)間、年齡、距離、速度、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等,要求回答對(duì)話或某事在什么時(shí)間發(fā)生;或某人在什么時(shí)間做某事;或價(jià)格、數(shù)量等。在做數(shù)字計(jì)算題時(shí),考生除了應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清具體的數(shù)字,還應(yīng)該注意表示倍數(shù)、百分率等的量詞,例如:double,half,dozen,couple,thirtypercent,threetimes,decade,century等等。同時(shí),還要注意與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞,例如:more,less,before,ago,later等等。此外還要注意文中較長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字。
4.時(shí)間數(shù)字計(jì)算題:對(duì)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的一些時(shí)間和數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn),通常要經(jīng)過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。
聽(tīng)力試題所涉及的數(shù)字包括:年代、時(shí)間、年齡、距離、速度、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等,要求回答對(duì)話或某事在什么時(shí)間發(fā)生;或某人在什么時(shí)間做某事;或價(jià)格、數(shù)量等。在做數(shù)字計(jì)算題時(shí),考生除了應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清具體的數(shù)字,還應(yīng)該注意表示倍數(shù)、百分率等的量詞,例如:double,half,dozen,couple,thirtypercent,threetimes,decade,century等等。同時(shí),還要注意與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞,例如:more,less,before,ago,later等等。此外還要注意文中較長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字。
此類問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式通常為:
When/Atwhattimedidtheconversation/dialoguetakeplace?
Whenistheman/thewomangoingto...?
Howmuch/Howmany...?
Howlong...?
Howoften...?
另外,當(dāng)對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),也可能不用數(shù)字而用表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
a.根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:before,after,when,while,then,until,later,rightaway,immediately,assoonaspossible等。
b.掌握年、月、日、星期等時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法。注意一些表示時(shí)間的詞,如quarter,acoupleofdays,twilight,eve,fortnight(twoweeks),dawn(daybreak),dusk等。同時(shí)注意英、美不同的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式,如:2:15讀作aquarterpasttwo(英)或twofifteen(美);2:30讀作halfpasttwo(英)twothirty(美)等。
c.有時(shí)候,文中通過(guò)從句或短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間,而不出現(xiàn)具體表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字或表示時(shí)間概念的單詞,這種情況也要引起注意。例如:“Aren‘tyougladthesemester’sover?”可以判斷出時(shí)間為“attheendofthesemester”。d.從選擇項(xiàng)看到時(shí)間和數(shù)字題型后,要集中精力獲取時(shí)間和數(shù)字的信息。把聽(tīng)到的表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字順序記下來(lái),并理解各項(xiàng)數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系。這樣做是因?yàn)槲闹杏袝r(shí)不僅僅出現(xiàn)一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字。如果單靠聽(tīng)而不做任何記錄,最后很容易混淆數(shù)字間的關(guān)系,無(wú)法正確回答問(wèn)題。e.聽(tīng)的時(shí)候注意近音的干擾要能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分:-teen/′ti:n/和/ti/。它們的區(qū)別不僅在于一個(gè)是長(zhǎng)元音/i:/,另一個(gè)是短元音/i/;而且/′ti:n/是重讀音節(jié),而/ti/不重讀。
f.時(shí)間推算也是對(duì)話題目中的考點(diǎn),同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)中表示時(shí)間提前或推后的方法,如:提前或提早5分鐘fiveminutesaheadoftime;fiveminutesaheadofschedule;fiveminutesearly;earlybyfiveminutes.推遲或吃到5分鐘fiveminuteslater;fiveminutesbehindschedule;latebyfiveminutes;bedelayed/postponedforfiveminutes.
g.為了快而準(zhǔn)地對(duì)數(shù)字有所反應(yīng),同學(xué)們要熟悉一些單詞和表達(dá)方式:
時(shí)間:fiveo'clocksharp(5點(diǎn)整);onthedot(整點(diǎn));thedaybeforeyesterday(前天);thedayaftertomorrow(后天);thistimenextweek(下周此時(shí));afortnight(兩周);weekly(每周);monthly(每月);quarterly(每季);yearly/annually(每年);adecade(十年);B.C.(公元前)。
數(shù)字:onehalf/ahalf;oneandhalf;aquarter/onefourth;fivesixths;zeropointfive(0.5);onepointfivetwo(1.52);acoupleof;million;billion。
貨幣:adollar/abuck;fivecents/anickel;adime(十美分銀幣);aquarter/twenty-fivecents;apound;penny。有關(guān)計(jì)算的表達(dá):plus/add/addition(加);minus/takeoff(減);multiply(乘);divide(除);double(翻倍);triple(增加倒三倍);twomore(多兩個(gè));threeless(少三個(gè));halftheprice(半價(jià));thirtypercentoff/discountof30%(打七折);at15%discount(打八五折)。
5.事實(shí)推理題:對(duì)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),或者要求考生通過(guò)所聽(tīng)到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理。對(duì)事實(shí)的提問(wèn)形式有:
Whatdoessb.do?
Whatissb.goingtodo?
What/Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthedialogue?
Whatdoesthespeaker/listenerseemmostconcernedabout?
Whatdoestheconversationsayabout...?
Whydoessb.dosth.?
Whatisthepurposeof...?
Whatisthecauseof...?
5.事實(shí)推理題:對(duì)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),或者要求考生通過(guò)所聽(tīng)到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理。
a.以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的問(wèn)題要求考生回憶對(duì)話中的細(xì)節(jié);盡量從上下文中推測(cè)不熟悉的單詞的含義;在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽各項(xiàng)選擇,以便預(yù)測(cè)一些問(wèn)題;并對(duì)聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行分析、判斷。
b.推理引申問(wèn)題要求考生推測(cè)出某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較。
引申問(wèn)題要求應(yīng)試者推測(cè)出某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較?;卮鹨陠?wèn)題時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意對(duì)話的最后部分。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽各選擇項(xiàng),以便做出某些預(yù)測(cè);運(yùn)用常識(shí)猜測(cè)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)可能有的結(jié)果。
常見(jiàn)的引申問(wèn)題有:
Itcanbeinferredfromtheconversationthat...
Theman/womanmostprobably...
Whatwilltheman/womanprobablydonext?
Whatcanbeconcludedfromthedialogue/conversation?
Whatdoesthespeakermean?
6.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題:?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者對(duì)某事或者某話題的看法和觀點(diǎn)。
6.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題:?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者對(duì)某事或者某話題的看法和觀點(diǎn)。
對(duì)話中經(jīng)常涉及到一方對(duì)另一方或某一事件、觀點(diǎn)、言論、行為的態(tài)度和反應(yīng),或贊成或反對(duì),或滿意或失望,喜怒哀樂(lè)等各種情緒。此類題目的解題方法有:
a.語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)。英語(yǔ)中,語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有升調(diào)、降調(diào)兩種,另外還有升降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)不同的含義。例如,陳述句用升調(diào)表示說(shuō)話者抱有遲疑、猶豫的態(tài)度;用降調(diào)表示肯定。反意疑問(wèn)句如果反意部分是降調(diào),就表示肯定,希望得到贊同或支持;反之,則表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或不耐煩。
b.提示詞和關(guān)鍵詞。考生可以根據(jù)一些提示性的語(yǔ)言或一些相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行判斷,如Ithink...;Itseemstomethat...;AsfarasI‘mconcerned,Icouldsay...;Itis/soundstruethat...同時(shí)還要注意表示否定、轉(zhuǎn)折和虛擬等含義的指示詞。如,I’dbesackedifIacceptedyouroffer.所表達(dá)的是拒絕。c.從字里行間判斷。錄音材料的內(nèi)容、材料中不會(huì)直接說(shuō)明態(tài)度,但在字里行間會(huì)有滲透,考生在聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)語(yǔ)氣,充分理解其言外之意和所反映出來(lái)的態(tài)度。
常見(jiàn)的就語(yǔ)氣而提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題有:
Whatistheman's/woman'sattitudetowardtheconversation?
Howdoestheman/womanfeel?
Theman's/woman'sfeelingtowardthesubjectcanbebestdescribedas...?7.常用語(yǔ):表示贊同或同意Yousaidit./Youcansayitagain./Ican’tagreemore./Iamforit.表示不同意或反對(duì)Iwouldn’tsayso./Farfromit./Nonsense./Nothingofthesort.另一些在意義上常搞錯(cuò)的詞語(yǔ)
Asgoodasgold(小孩)很乖;atthetopoftheladder/tree,名列榜首burnthemidnightoil開(kāi)夜車,工作到深夜;beataround/aroundthebush旁敲側(cè)擊beyond(all)question;close/shutone’seyesto無(wú)視,對(duì)…置之不理callitaday今天就干到這;fallbehind落后,趕不上haveaneyefoe對(duì)…有眼力;haveanearfor有鑒賞能力;haveaDutchtreat各自付費(fèi);likeafishoutofwater如離水之魚(yú);常用語(yǔ)ninetimesoutoften/tentoone十有八九,通常;offthetopofone’shead不清楚;outofthequestion;ringabell使想起(某事),聽(tīng)起來(lái)耳熟;sleeplikealog睡得很熟,酣睡;takeashort-cut走捷徑;throwcoldwateron對(duì)潑涼水,不贊成;turn/givethecoldshoulderon/tosb疏遠(yuǎn)某人,冷淡某人;cannotseethewoodforthetrees見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林短文提問(wèn)方式有四種中心思想題(測(cè)試文章的主題思想.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?Whatdoesthepassagesayabout…?etc.做題時(shí)一定要集中注意力聽(tīng)好開(kāi)頭,因?yàn)樗募?jí)聽(tīng)力開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山,把中心思想置于開(kāi)頭.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutaccidents?(A)Accidentsareunavoidable?Accidentscanbeavoided.Humanbeingsarealwayscareless.Thereshouldbemoreprecaution.You’llhear:AlthoughitisimpossibletoeliminateallrisksfromsuchacomplexandexperimentalprojectastheAmericanspaceprogramme,everyprecautionistakentoreducethepossibilityofinjury.Neverless,Accidentsdohappen…2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題所考察的細(xì)節(jié)包括具體時(shí)間\地點(diǎn)\主要人物或事各種數(shù)字等,問(wèn)題一般為wh-question的形式對(duì)時(shí)間\數(shù)字一定要敏感,及時(shí)做好筆記;另外,文中一旦出現(xiàn)以因果連詞(如because,so,dueto)和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(如but,however,though)引導(dǎo)的句子也要格外小心Whichisthelargestsinglevisitorexpenditure??A.Hotelaccommodation.B.MealsC.ShoppingD.EntertainmentYou’llread:Moneyspentonshopping,however---thelargestsinglevisitorexpenditure---droppedslightlyinthefirsthalfyear,butspendingonitemssuchastours,dinningandentertainmentincreased…3.對(duì)錯(cuò)判斷題Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue,accordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?等一定要看懂提問(wèn),對(duì)于有沒(méi)有not或except一詞要弄清楚WhetherobservationscomefromallthesourcesEXCEPT___.(A)A.computersB.satellitesthegroundradarYou’llread:…Thesearebasedonobservationsfromtheground,fromsatellitesandfromradar…推理推測(cè)題
對(duì)文中的信息進(jìn)行分析推斷,才能作出正確的選擇.提問(wèn)方式:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthepassage?Whatdoesthespeakerthinkabouttheproblem…?Whatdoesthespeakermostconcernedabout…?Howdoesthewriterfeelabout…?一定要根據(jù)短文的觀點(diǎn)而不是根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)推斷.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthisyear’sbusinesstravelers?(B)A.Therearefewerbusinesstravelers.B.Therearemorebusinesstravelers.C.Thenumberremainsthesameaslastyear’s.D.Itisnotmentionedinthepassage.You’llhear:“Thisyear’sfiguressofarareshowingaswinginfavorofmorevacationtravelersplusanincreaseinthearrivalsformeetingsandconferences,”theBulletinreports.時(shí)間數(shù)字計(jì)算體
:對(duì)出現(xiàn)的一些時(shí)間和數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn),通常要經(jīng)過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算聽(tīng)力試題所涉及的數(shù)字包括:年代、時(shí)間、年齡、距離、速度、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等,要求回答對(duì)話或某事在什么時(shí)間發(fā)生;或某人在什么時(shí)間做某事;或價(jià)格、數(shù)量等。在做數(shù)字計(jì)算題時(shí),考生除了應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清具體的數(shù)字,還應(yīng)該注意表示倍數(shù)、百分率等的量詞,例如:double,half,dozen,couple,thirtypercent,threetimes,decade,century等等。同時(shí),還要注意與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞,例如:more,less,before,ago,later等等。此外還要注意文中較長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字。
另外,當(dāng)對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),也可能不用數(shù)字而用表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
a.根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:before,after,when,while,then,until,later,rightaway,immediately,assoonaspossible等。
另外,當(dāng)對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),也可能不用數(shù)字而用表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
a.根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間,如:before,after,when,while,then,until,later,rightaway,immediately,assoonaspossible等。
b.掌握年、月、日、星期等時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法。注意一些表示時(shí)間的詞,如quarter,acoupleofdays,twilight,eve,fortnight(twoweeks),dawn(daybreak),dusk(timejustbeforeitgetsquiteback)等。同時(shí)注意英、美不同的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式,如:2:15讀作aquarterpasttwo(英)或twofifteen(美);2:30讀作halfpasttwo(英)twothirty(美)等。
c.有時(shí)候,文中通過(guò)從句或短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間,而不出現(xiàn)具體表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字或表示時(shí)間概念的單詞,這種情況也要引起注意。例如:“Aren’tyougladthesemester’sover?”可以判斷出時(shí)間為“attheendofthesemester”。
d.從選擇項(xiàng)看到時(shí)間和數(shù)字題型后,要集中精力獲取時(shí)間和數(shù)字的信息。把聽(tīng)到的表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字順序記下來(lái),并理解各項(xiàng)數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系。這樣做是因?yàn)槲闹杏袝r(shí)不僅僅出現(xiàn)一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字。如果單靠聽(tīng)而不做任何記錄,最后很容易混淆數(shù)字間的關(guān)系,無(wú)法正確回答問(wèn)題。
e.聽(tīng)的時(shí)候注意近音的干擾要能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分:-teen/′ti:n/和/ti/。它們的區(qū)別不僅在于一個(gè)是長(zhǎng)元音/i:/,另一個(gè)是短元音/i/;而且/′ti:n/是重讀音節(jié),而/ti/不重讀。
f.時(shí)間推算也是對(duì)話題目中的考點(diǎn),同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)中表示時(shí)間提前或推后的方法,如:提前或提早5分鐘fiveminutesaheadoftime;fiveminutesaheadofschedule;fiveminutesearly;earlybyfiveminutes.推遲或吃到5分鐘fiveminuteslater;fiveminutesbehindschedule;latebyfiveminutes;bedelayed/postponedforfiveminutes.
為了快而準(zhǔn)地對(duì)數(shù)字有所反應(yīng),同學(xué)們要熟悉一些單詞和表達(dá)方式:
時(shí)間:fiveo’clocksharp(5點(diǎn)整);onthedot(整點(diǎn));thedaybeforeyesterday(前天);thedayaftertomorrow(后天);thistimenextweek(下周此時(shí));afortnight(兩周);weekly(每周);monthly(每月);quarterly(每季);yearly/annually(每年);adecade(十年);B.C.(公元前)。
數(shù)字:onehalf/ahalf;oneandhalf;aquarter/onefourth;fivesixths;zeropointfive(0.5);onepointfivetwo(1.52);acoupleof;million;billion。
貨幣:adollar/abuck;fivecents/anickel;adime;aquarter/twenty-fivecents;apound;penny。
有關(guān)計(jì)算的表達(dá):plus/add/addition(加);minus/takeoff(減);,multiply(乘);divide(除);double(翻倍);triple(增加倒三倍);twomore(多兩個(gè));threeless(少三個(gè));halftheprice(半價(jià));thirtypercentoff/discountof30%(打七折);at15%discount(打八五折)。
比較的轉(zhuǎn)換A1)原級(jí)比較與比較級(jí)之間的關(guān)系A(chǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(not)+as形容詞、副詞+as+B轉(zhuǎn)換:B+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+(thanA)如不交換位置,可在形容詞、副詞前加lessAisnotas…asB=Aisless+比較級(jí)+(thanB)2)比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的關(guān)系a)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+thananyother=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)b)Nothing(nobodt,noone等)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)+than被比較對(duì)象=被比較對(duì)象+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)之外,常出現(xiàn)的詞組:besuperiorto=bebetterthan(not
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