2024屆高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧課件

高三英語閱讀專題之主旨大意命題方式1.主題類2.標(biāo)題類3.目的類Themainideaofthepassageis…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto......

設(shè)問方式1)主旨大意題

解題方法

主題句定位法高頻詞（關(guān)鍵詞））Howtofindthetopicsentences?Features：1).相對于其他句子，它表達的意思比較概括性；

2).主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡單；3).段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展相互題句所表達的思想的。1Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.(1)主題句在文首

開頭主題+論證性細節(jié)。

應(yīng)用文書信

說明文科技文獻新聞報道1)主旨大意題

主題句定位法主題句在文首

解題方法2Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.

（2）主題句在文中例子/問題（鋪墊）--主題提出--進一步解釋說明

說明文科技文獻研究報告提示詞1)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞----后

but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,actually,

indeed,...

2)

總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞

----后

in

brief，inshort,

afterall,all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword，so,therefore...

3)

表研究成果的詞----內(nèi)容

show,indicate,suggest,accordingto...4）舉例子的詞----前

forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...提示詞1)主旨大意題

主題句定位法主題句在文首主題句在文中

解題方法3

Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.

（3）主題句在文末事實依據(jù)----層層推理----得出結(jié)論(主題)

廣告類哲理性故事1)主旨大意題

主題句定位法主題句在文首主題句在文中主題句在文末

解題方法

4

Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.

Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyou

experienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore.Controlingitistherealchallenge.(5)高頻詞圍繞某個主題展開的---反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞1)主旨大意題

主題句定位法主題句在文首主題句在文中主題句在文末無明顯主題句高頻詞(關(guān)鍵詞)

解題方法

2020全國I卷

DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership...Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces...Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect...32．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety.

B．Movieviewership.

C．Consumerdemand.

D．Eatingbehavior.2021全國乙說明文

B

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayinglandline(座機)?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.

Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls

anywhere,anytime.

Still,5percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(調(diào)查)....

Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones？A.Theirtargetusers

B.Theirwidepopularity. C.Theirmaiorfunctions D.Theircomplexdesign2)標(biāo)題類

解題方法Tips

避免以下三種錯誤：1.概括不夠（部分代替整體）2.過度概括（人為擴大范圍）3.以事實、細節(jié)代替抽象概括的大意BGoffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對稱的)shapes...Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.2022年全國甲卷說明文27．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkillfulShape-Sorters關(guān)鍵詞2022年全國乙卷

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints....Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture....

31．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways關(guān)鍵詞3)目的類

解題方法主旨推斷法文體推斷法1.記敘文----tellastoryorlesson;

entertainreaders;shareanexperience;show

something2.說明文、新聞----inform;introduce3.議論文----argue;persuade;4.應(yīng)用文----providesomeinformationoradvice5.廣告----advertise;attractreaders文體推斷法2020新高考I

B

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan

....Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,

ChasingtheSea:

Lost

AmongtheGhostsof

EmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliv