湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記1-7章閱讀指導(dǎo) 高中英語(yǔ)課外閱讀

《好的英語(yǔ)是“讀”出來(lái)的》英語(yǔ)閱讀要求及技巧1.準(zhǔn)備閱讀書目《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》、摘抄本、字典或詞典2.讀Chapter1-73.

在閱讀時(shí)，不要指讀，不要查工具書，要盡量根據(jù)上、下文去猜測(cè)詞意、句意；根據(jù)場(chǎng)景、人物性格、心理活動(dòng)、當(dāng)時(shí)的話題等猜測(cè)詞意、句意。4.閱讀時(shí)注意關(guān)注過(guò)程性描寫句子（環(huán)境、動(dòng)作、語(yǔ)言、情感變化、外貌等）及段內(nèi)、段之間的銜接。5.閱讀時(shí)集中精力，不要邊讀邊記錄，最后30分鐘再摘抄整理或?qū)懜形颉Ｗx書筆記要求書目：TheadventuresofTomSawyer作者：

MarkTwain時(shí)間：第X周X月X日人物角色：…要求：摘抄：1）詞匯：10-15個(gè)重要單詞、短語(yǔ)，標(biāo)注好中文意思，至少會(huì)認(rèn)；有能力的同學(xué)，會(huì)讀會(huì)認(rèn)2）句子：每種(環(huán)境、動(dòng)作、語(yǔ)言、情感變化、外貌等）至少2個(gè)3）感悟：所讀章節(jié)的感悟(感悟至少5-6句話，用英文表達(dá))

分層要求：levelA---只看英語(yǔ)，不懂處，查字典

levelB---看英語(yǔ)，不懂處適當(dāng)查字典，頻率不宜太高，用鉛筆注釋。

levelC---盡自己最大可能。一段一段來(lái)

書目：TheadventuresofTomSawyer作者：

MarkTwain時(shí)間：第九周10月30日摘抄：1.詞匯：2.句子：1）環(huán)境描寫

①…

②2）心理描寫

①…②…3.感悟讀書筆記書寫格式TheadventuresofTomSawyerMarkTwainisanAmericanwriterandspeakerwhoserealnameisSamuelLanghorneClemens.MarkTwainwashispenname,atermoriginallyusedbyMississippiRiversailorstoindicatethedepthofwatermeasuredonthewaterway.HisrepresentativeworksincludeTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheAdventuresofTomSawyerandsoon.

MarkTwainisthefounderofAmericancriticalrealismliterature.MostofhisworkshavebeentranslatedintoChinese.In2006,MarkTwainwasranked16thintheAtlanticMonthly,anauthoritativeAmericanjournal.About

the

author—Mark

TwainIfforeignersreallywishtoknowtheAmericanspirit,letthemreadMarkTwain.…thereissomethingpronouncedintheAmericancharacter,andthebooksofMarkTwainrevealit.Hehasalsomorethanoncebeenavaluableandefficientchampion.---WilliamLyonPhelpsThe

AdventuresofTomSawyer,knownasthetypicalrepresentativeoftheAmericanspirits,isconsideredtobethebeginningoftrueAmericanliterature,becausethepreviousWorksofAmericanliteraturewerebasicallywrittenaboutAmericanthingsinthestyleofBritishliterature,whilethisnovelwascompletelywrittenaboutAmericanthingsinthestyleofAmericanliterature.About

the

novel—TheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofTomSawyerThe

Adventures

of

Tom

SawyerTomHuckBeckyAuntPollyInjunJoeMuffPotterWhat

toread?Chapter1AuntPollyKeepsHerPromiseChapter2TomLearnsaLessonAboutDesireChapter3TomeintheArmyGame--ANewLoveIsDiscoveredChapter4SundayClassesattheChurchChapter5TheChurchServiceChapter6AConversationAboutSpiritsChapter7

TomGetsEngagedcontentsTextPassageQuestionWordCultureReallifeHow

toreadit?Self-readingCooperativestudyPresentationPromotionDiscussionleaderTextsummarizerCultureambassadorPassagedecoderWordmasterReallifeconnectorQuestionsyouneedtothinkaboutQuestion1:

HowmanychildhoodanecdotesinChapter1-7?Howmanypartscanthesechaptersbedividedinto?Arethesepartsrelatedwitheachother?Whatkindofwritingstyledoesitreflect?Question2:InChapter2,fromthesentences:…I’llgiveyouoneofmytoys.AndI’llshowyouwhereIhurtmyfoot……h(huán)ehadbeengivenacatwithoneeye,apieceofbrokenglass…Tomwasrich!Whatdidtherewardsinthesetwosentences

imply?Question3:WhydidMarkTwainwriteabouttheinsectandthedoginthechurchinChapter5?Question1:HowmanychildhoodanecdotesinChapter1-7?Howmanypartscanthesechaptersbedividedinto?Arethesepartsrelatedwitheachother?Whatkindofwritingstyledoesitreflect?●InChapter1-7,generallytherearesevenchildhoodanecdotes.Almost,eachchapterrepresentsaseparatestory.Thesechapterscanbedividedintothreeparts,namely,Chapter1-3,Chapter4-5andChapter6-7.Thesepartsarenotrelatedwitheachother.Theyareseparatelogically.ItturnsoutthatTheAdventuresofTomSawyerisintenselydramaticinitsconstruction,takingtheformofaseriesofcomicvignettesbasedonTom’sexploits.獨(dú)立小故事組成的《湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》。MindMap:TheLogicalRelationsAmongthechaptersPart1Part2

Part3

Chapter1Chapter2Chapter3basisbasisChapter4Chapter5Chapter6Chapter7thesamescene:churchseparateseparatethesamescene:schoolQuestion2:InChapter2,fromthesentences:…I’llgiveyouoneofmytoys.AndI’llshowyouwhereIhurtmyfoot……h(huán)ehadbeengivenacatwithoneeye,apieceofbrokenglass…Tomwasrich!Whatdidtherewardsinthesetwosentences

imply?

●Suchexchangeconditions(especiallylookingatinjuredfoot)couldonlyexistinthechildren’sworld,whichwasinsharpcontrasttotheadult’sworld.Thechildlikefun,whichdidnotexistintheadult’sworld,waspresented.Inthesecondsentence,acatwithoneeyemightnotbeexpensiveintheadultworld.However,toachild,theycouldbeeverything.Itreflectedthesimplicityofachildandalsomadeacomparisonwiththeadult’srealityandnarrowness.這些兒童認(rèn)知中的“寶物”，體現(xiàn)了兒童世界的純真簡(jiǎn)單與成年世界的真實(shí)狹隘之間的對(duì)比。WhydidMarkTwainwriteabouttheinsectandthedoginthechurchinChapter5?Religiousactivities:DullandFake宗教活動(dòng)的虛假無(wú)聊Contrastwith“solemn”religiousrites:humorouswritingstyle與“莊嚴(yán)”的宗教儀式對(duì)照：體現(xiàn)其幽默的寫作風(fēng)格CompareTom’sreactionwithadults’:thehypocrisyofreligionandadults將Tom與成年人的反應(yīng)進(jìn)行比較：表現(xiàn)成人的虛偽TheInsectandtheDogintheChurchQuestion3:Appreciatethelanguage（Chapter1P1-P2）

Andwhenhisauntturnedtolook,heranawayasfastashecouldoutofthehouseandquicklydisappearedfromAuntPolly'ssight.（機(jī)靈、淘氣的湯姆躍然紙上）（

Chapter1P4）Theybegantopusheachotherwiththeirshoulders,againmovinginacircle.Andthensuddenlytheywerefightingontheground,hittingandkickingeachother,andpullinghair.（挑釁直到拼盡全力搏斗）（Chapter6P22）AuntPollysuddenlystoppedcryingandjuststaredatTomforamoment.Thenshefellbackintoachairandstartedlaughingandcryingatthesametime.（心情由悲到喜再到哭笑不得,寫出了Aunt的善良）

（Chapter6P26）Shepusheditaway,butTommoveditbacktowardher,andwhenshetriedtopushitawayagain,hedidn’tlether.

(兒童情感的萌動(dòng)和羞澀心理)讀后續(xù)寫鏈接（2021年新高考Ⅰ）ThepairwentdownthestairsquietlytotheKitchen.（害怕被發(fā)現(xiàn)）（Chapter3P11）Theideaseemedbittersweettohim.（豐富聯(lián)想后內(nèi)心的惆悵）（Chapter4P13）Hehatedshoes.Andhehatedhischurchlessons,butMaryandSidlovedthem.（討厭束縛，熱愛自由）（Chapter4P13-14）AlthoughTomdidn'treallycareabouthavinganewBible,heloved

theideaofbeingtheonlystudenttogetit.（愛出風(fēng)頭）（Chapter4P15）TheboyswhohadsoldtheirticketstoTomfeltterriblyjealousnow.（看同伴出風(fēng)頭，嫉妒）讀后續(xù)寫鏈接（2021年新高考Ⅰ）ThetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisetheywereplanningforMother’sDay.（對(duì)母親的愛）動(dòng)作描寫心理描寫

Appreciatethelanguage（Chapter2P6）Saturdaymorningcameand,likeallSaturdays,itwasbrightandsunny.（陽(yáng)光明媚)（Chapter4P13）Thesunroseoveraquietworldandlookedwarmlydownuponthepeacefulvillage.（村莊的祥和，寧?kù)o）讀后續(xù)寫鏈接（2017年浙江6月改編）Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.（通過(guò)聲音，光線和色彩寫出了景色的安靜和優(yōu)美）心理描寫和動(dòng)作描寫環(huán)境描寫（Chapter1P2）EventhoughshehadbeensoangrywithTom,shecouldn'thelplaughingandsaying

toherself.（對(duì)湯姆的包容和愛）（Chapter4P15）Tomsuddenlybecamefrightenedandembarrassed.Helookedathisfeet.（突然被問(wèn)的窘境）（Chapter5P18）Tomwasbored,andittookallofhisstrengthtokeepfromfallingasleep.（厭煩而又無(wú)可奈何）（Chapter7P28）Shebecameembarrassedandaskedhimtolooktheotherway.（女孩情感萌動(dòng)的羞澀）（Chapter6P23）Huckleberry'sclothingwasofteninverypoorcondition.Theywerealwaysdirty,andeithertoobigortoosmallforhim.（家境貧窮、身世可憐）（Chapter3P10）Andtherehesaw,forthefirsttime,abeautifulblue-eyedandyellow-hairedgirlplayinginthegarden.（美麗純潔的女孩）（Chapter5P18）Andfinally,theywouldsaymanyprayers:prayersforthechurch,

forthepeopleofthevillage,forthevillageitself,forAmerica,andforpeopleincountriesallovertheworld.（Rhetoricalrepetition疊言）（Chapter5P19）He（thedog）toowantedsomethingfuntodo.（Personification擬人）（Chapter6P25）“I’vetoldyouahundredtimesnevertospeakwiththatboy!（Hyperbole夸張）外貌描寫修辭手法Appreciatethelanguage湯姆的策略之聲東擊西、欲擒故縱、假癡不癲無(wú)處不在的幽默寫作手法之Toshow,nottotellReflect:我們不一樣Chapter1-7Question:WhatisTomlike?Answer:IhavetosayheisaMasterofstrategiesandpsychology.欲知why?且聽我clarify.品讀文字1.“Hey,thereissomethingbehindyou!”Andwhenhisauntturnedtolook,heranwayasfastashecould--chapter12.Tomknewhispantswerestillwetandbeforeshecouldtouchthemhequicklysaid,“becauseofthehotweather,someofuspouredwateronourheads.Youknow,tokeepcool.”--chapter1點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：我高度懷疑Tom偷偷讀過(guò)中國(guó)的《三十六計(jì)》，哈哈。他是策略大師。能虛晃一槍，從姨媽眼皮子底下脫身；為了不被識(shí)破下河洗澡的事實(shí)，及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移話題，鋪好退路，安全過(guò)關(guān)。真真小機(jī)靈鬼一個(gè)。Tom’sstrategies之聲東擊西Tom’sstrategies之欲擒故縱品讀文字1.Tomdidn’tpayanyattentiontotheboat.Hepretendedtobeinterestedinhiswork.--chapter22.Tomdidn’treply.Hejustkeptmovinghisbrushupanddowntheboard--chapter2.3.Tomturnedsuddenly.“Oh,hithere.Ben.Ididn’tseeyou!”

--chapter24.Tomlookedathimstrangely.“Work?Whatwork?”--chapter25.“DoIlikeit?Iloveit!IwishIcoulddothismoreoften”--chapter26.“SorryBen.Ittakesaspecialpersontodoitwell.--chapter2點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：Tom小小年紀(jì)，深諳人性。他明白inordertomakeamanoraboycovetathing,itisonlynecessarytomakethethingdifficulttoattain（為了讓一個(gè)大人或一個(gè)小孩渴望干什么事，只需設(shè)法將這事變得難以到手就行了），多么深的領(lǐng)悟。正是憑著這種頓悟，雖然被迫刷墻，但戰(zhàn)果輝煌，并在后來(lái)的愛情中一路高歌。Tom’sstrategies之假癡不癲Tom’steacherdidn’tlikeHuckleberryFinn.NoneofthestudentscouldunderstandwhyTomhadadmittedthis.Anyexcusewouldbebetterthanthisone.BillyacceptedTom’sofferandgavehimtheticket.點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：他人笑我太瘋癲，我笑他人看不穿。Tom知道自己想要什么，并付諸實(shí)踐，執(zhí)行力強(qiáng)。其他人納悶Tom為什么要惹惱老師而自討苦吃的時(shí)候，他其實(shí)已經(jīng)滿心歡喜地奔向了他的初心--Becky。他用自己刷墻積累的第一桶金收書票的時(shí)候，其他孩子沒想到他已經(jīng)不滿足于“beingrich”,他走向了“beingrecognized”的心理滿足之路。寫作手法之toshow,nottotell1.Tompretendedtobedoingaverycarefuljob:paintingalittle,thensteppingbacktolookatwhathehaddonetomakesureitlookedOk,makingafewcorrectionsandthencontinuingtothenextboard.（Chapter2）2.Tomslowlywalkedovertowheretheflowerwas,lookedaround,and,afterseeingnoonewaslooking,pickeditupandputitunderhisshirt,nexttohisheart.3.Theysimplystaredateachotherandbegantowalkinacircle,neverlookingawayfromtheother’sface.4.Tomsuddenlybecamefrightenedandembarrassed.Helookedathisfeet.點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：佩服馬克吐溫！畫面感忒強(qiáng)了，簡(jiǎn)單幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的連續(xù)使用勾勒出了場(chǎng)景，讀起來(lái)代入感強(qiáng)，人物形象躍然紙上。我們一直在給學(xué)生強(qiáng)調(diào)：toshow,nottotell.這就是活生生的例子啊。比如，第4句，寫尷尬，一個(gè)盯著腳尖看，足矣。大家都有過(guò)類似經(jīng)歷吧，盯腳尖、摸鼻尖、捏衣角。這就是supportingdetail.無(wú)處不在的幽默Heevenworeshoes.--“even”一詞用得妙！這小子居然穿鞋，揍他！

“Andthenyoucanrememberthisdayandyouwillbesohappythatyouattendedyourchurchlessons.”--

教堂出大糗，他必定會(huì)記得這一天的，sohappy就算了吧。3.Thedogwasangryandembarrassed.狗狗內(nèi)心獨(dú)白：我也是要面子的好吧？4.Theteachercollectedsticksthathefoundusefulforhittinghisstudentswithasapunishmentfortheirbadbehavior.

Most

of

his

supply

had

been

used

to

beat

Tom.--藤條的庫(kù)存都用在湯姆身上了，這就是特供啊點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：馬克吐溫不愧為幽默大師。包袱頻出，令人忍俊不禁，這就是經(jīng)典的魅力吧。反思:我們不一樣品讀文字1.Theparentswouldquietlytrytokeeptheirchildrenfrombehavingbadly.2.TomlikedSid,buthatedthathewasalwaysbeinga“goodboy”andtryingtopleaseAuntPolly.3.ExceptforWillieMufferson,whowasalways“wellbehaved”.Noneofthechildrenlikedhim,buthewasafavoriteamongtheadults.點(diǎn)評(píng)與反思：大人看來(lái)，小孩子就應(yīng)該規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，tobewellbehaved.但是這種乖寶寶在其他孩子眼中卻未必受歡迎。孩子不是流水線上千人一面的產(chǎn)品。叛逆有時(shí)候是最有創(chuàng)意的。當(dāng)不再叛逆，可能就是平庸。所以，我們應(yīng)該給孩子多元化發(fā)展的空間，心中有愛，眼里有光，有情有義有擔(dān)當(dāng)，方是少年應(yīng)有的模樣。西方人對(duì)狗有好感，認(rèn)為它們忠誠(chéng)、有靈敏的嗅覺和敏捷的身軀，把狗稱為“man’sbestfriend”,很多西方國(guó)家把狗與人相提并論，因此很多諺語(yǔ)也與狗有關(guān)，如：Loveme,lovemydog.愛屋及烏。He’sanolddog.他是個(gè)老手。Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.好人好報(bào)。aluckydog幸運(yùn)兒asfaithfulasadog像狗一樣忠誠(chéng)西方人眼中的狗中國(guó)則截然相反，從南北朝時(shí)期，“狗”就是個(gè)罵人的詞。在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中也充斥著貶斥、否認(rèn)、謾罵，如：狗咬呂洞賓，不識(shí)好人心。狗拿耗子多管閑事。狗嘴里吐不出象牙。狗仗人勢(shì)、狗眼看人低等。中國(guó)人眼中的狗東西方文化“dog”的涵義對(duì)比Thatmorning,allofthefamiliesbegantheirdaybyprayingtogether.Aftersayinghismorningprayerswithhisfamily,TomstudiedtheBible,becausetodayhehadtogotoSundayschool.Andhehatedhischurchlessons,butMaryandSidlovedthem.(chapter4)基督教起源于巴勒斯坦地區(qū)，是世界上信仰人數(shù)最多的宗教。《圣經(jīng)》TheBible是猶太教與基督教的共同經(jīng)典，意為“文章”，后衍意為“經(jīng)”?；浇套龆\告pray是主動(dòng)和超自然的力量溝通，來(lái)贊美、祈求、懺悔。英文pray本意就是表達(dá)某種愿望，同中國(guó)拜神祈福有異曲同工之處。此外，英美等國(guó)基督教在星期日對(duì)兒童進(jìn)行宗教教育的學(xué)校稱為主日學(xué)校，英文為Sunday

school,又名星期日學(xué)校。西方宗教文化--基督教“Now,Thomas,sharewithussomeofthingsyou'velearnedfromyourstudyoftheBible.Forinstance,tellusthenamesofthefirsttwofollowersofJesusChrist.”Butthetwonameswerealwaystogether.Heshoutedthemout:“DavidandGoliath”.ButDavidandGoliathhadnotbeenamongthetwelvegreatfollowersofJesusChrist.DavidwasaboyandGoliathamanofgreatsizeandstrength.Theywereenemies.AndDavidhadkilledGoliath.(chapter4)耶穌親自挑選了十二門徒，亦稱“十二使徒”。據(jù)基督教《圣經(jīng)》福音書記載，耶穌從諸門徒中特選了十二個(gè)門徒，猶大出賣耶穌后死去，門徒補(bǔ)選了馬提亞，仍為十二人。為什么耶穌不選十個(gè)人而要選十二個(gè)呢？因?yàn)椤笆边@個(gè)數(shù)目