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2018年6月大學英語六級考試真題答案與詳解(第1套)PartIWriting審題思路:工的工作熱情和工作效率;有利于營造愉悅的工作氛圍;有益于公司和個人的發(fā)展及進步。高分范文:高分范文精彩點評ImportanceofBuildingBetweenEmployersandEmployees引出話題:信任是一切商業(yè)活動的基礎。①Itanundeniablefactthattrustcanlayasolidfoundationfor于促進公司的發(fā)展。commercialactivities.②Therefore,buildingtrustbetweenemployersand分別使用beginwithNextInadditionemployeesplaysacrucialboostingadevelopment.具體闡明雇主與雇員彼此信任帶來的益beginwith,assayinggoes,thebestbossesunderstandtheart③ofdelegation.Ifabossbelieveshispeopleandtryhisbestdelegate使用intoaccount…總結全文,再insteadofmicromanage,thisbeliefcanhimcreateanenvironment次重申自己的觀點。whereemployeeswouldhavemorepassionforworkandworkmore④Next,trust,employersandemployeescanachieve加分亮點consensus,buildharmoniouscooperationandhavecommunication,layasolidfoundationfor…為……打下堅whichhelpcreateapleasantworkingatmosphere.⑤Inaddition,not實的基礎buildingtrustbetweenthepartiescandirectlypromotetheplaysacrucialrolein…對……起至關重growthofthecompanyandindirectlyspurcontinuousdevelopmentofthe要的作用individuals.intoaccountwhathavediscussedabove,safelydelegation授權,委派arriveataconclusionthatsensibleforbothemployersandemployeesmicromanage微觀管理asthesayinggoes常言道⑥keepmindthatmutualtrustcontributesrealizingawin-winsituation.consensus全文翻譯:雇主語雇員間建立信任的重要性重要的作用。發(fā)展。綜上所述,我們可以得出結論:相互信任有助于實現(xiàn)雙贏,雇主的員工時刻牢記這一點是明智的。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAConversationOneallthat?Aregoingasalad?I’mgoingagazpacho.that?(1)GazpachoacoldsoupfromSpain.mostlyvegetables.Iguesscouldcallaliquidsalad.Coldsoup?Soundsweird.delicious.me.ItriedforthefirstduringmysummervacationSpain.see,thesouthofSpain,hottheupacoldgazpachorefreshing.Theingredientsaretomato,bellpeppers,oliveoilandstalebread.bread?Surelymeanbreadfordippingintothesoup?No.Breadcrushedandblendedlikeeverythingelse.(2)Itaddstextureandthicknessthesoup.(3-1)Andhealthy?Sure.Isaidearliermostlyvegetables.canalsoadddifferentthingslike,suchashard-boiledorcuredCuredWhat?sthat?anotherSpanishneverheardofquitefamous.No,goodtoo?Oh,yeah,alittledryandandexpensivebecause(4)comesfromaspecialofpigthatonlyeatsaspecialoffood.TheharmcoveredsaltdryandpreserveAndlefthangforupyears.IthasadistinctSoundsinteresting.WherecanIfindsome?ItusedbedifficultSpanishproducehere.Butnowalotmorecommon.MostsupermarketchainshavecuredhamlittlepacketsbutSpaincombineawholeAwholepegWhywouldanybodywantsoInSpain,peoplebuyawholelegforspecialgroupevents,suchasChristmas.Theycutthemselvesintothinslicesalongflatknife.Questions1to4basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽四道題各選項,由salad、soup、vegetable、pigbread等詞可以初步推測,對話內容與飲食有關,再結合Spanish、nutritious、ingredient、cooking、special等詞可以進一步推測,對話內容涉及某種或某幾種西班牙特色食品,并且討論了食品的制作過程、營養(yǎng)成分等問題。1:doaboutgazpacho?答案:Bgazpachogazpacho理解為一種液體沙拉也是可以的,但這只是為了讓男士對gazpacho有更直觀的認識,不能認定為gazpacho是沙拉。因此答案為。2:whatpurposeisstalemixedintogazpacho?答案:A詳解:對話中女士說,往湯里加入干面包是為了讓湯口感更好,更濃稠。因此答案為A。3:Whydoesthewomanthinkgazpachois答案:D詳解:對話中,當男士問這種湯是否健康時,女士十分肯定地說它很健康,因為這種湯是以蔬菜為主要原料制作而成的。因此答案為D。4:doesthewomansayaboutham?答案:C詳解:對話中,女士給男士解釋curedham時說,這是另一種西班牙美食。后面又提到這種腌制的火腿非常昂貴,因為它取自一種特殊品種的豬,而且這種豬只吃一種特殊的食物。因此答案為。ConversationHello,Iwishbuyabottleofwine.Whatkindofwinewouldlike?Idon'tIdon'tknowmuchaboutwine.That?snoproblematall.What?stheoccasionandhowmuchwouldlikespend?formyboss.It?shisIknowhelikeswine,butIdon'tknowwhattype.Ialsodonotwantanythingtooexpensive,maybemid-range.Howmuchwouldsayamid-rangebottleofwineapproximately?variesOurlowestpricesarearound$6abottle,(5)butthosearetablewines.Theyarenotspecial.AndIwouldnotsuggestthemasagift.theotherend,ourexpensivebottlesareover$150.arelookingforsomethingpricedthemiddle,Iwouldsayanythingbetween$30and$60wouldadecentgift.Howdoesthatsound?yeah.(6Iguesssomethingthevicinityof30or40wouldbegood.Whichwouldrecommend?Iwouldsaythesafestoptionaredwine.Theyaregenerallypopularthanwhites,andcanusuallybepairedfoodOurspecialtyhereareItalianwines,andthesetendbefruitymedium(8-1)ThisonehereaChianti,whichperhapsItaly'smostfamousofredwine.wishtryandsurpriseyourbosssomethinglesscommon,suchastheZinfandel.ThegrapesareoriginallynativeCroatiabutthiswineryeastItalyandhasamorespicyandpepperysummarize,theChiantimoreclassicalandtheZinfandelexciting.Botharesimilarlypricedatjustunder$40.M:(8-2)IChiantithen.Thanks.Questions5to8basedonconversationyouhaveheard.giftswine關,再結合第6題選項中的不同價格區(qū)間,第7、8兩題選項中的Italians、spicy、redwine等詞可以進一步推測,對話內容涉及意大利紅葡萄酒,并且兩人談到了葡萄酒的價格、口味方面。5Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftablewines?答案:B詳解:對話中,女士對男士說,她店里最便宜的葡萄酒大約6美元一瓶,但這些都是普通的佐餐酒,沒有什么特別之處,她不建議男士買這種葡萄酒作為禮物。也就是說,這種tablewine不是體面的禮物,答案為。6Whatisthepricerangeofwinethemanwillconsider?答案:A詳解:對話中,男士提到,他希望購買價格在30或40美元左右的葡萄酒。因此答案為A。7Whydoesthewomanrecommendwines答案:D詳解:對話中,女士建議男士購買紅葡萄酒,因為紅葡萄酒通常比白葡萄酒更受歡迎,并且紅葡萄酒與食物更容易搭配。也就是說,紅葡萄酒可以與不同的食物進行搭配飲用,答案為D。8Whatdoaboutthewinethemanfinallybought?答案:D詳解:對話末尾,男士決定要買Chianti(基安蒂紅葡萄酒),而根據(jù)女士此前的介紹,Chianti是意大利最有名的一種紅葡萄酒。因此答案為D。SectionBPassage(9)Manypeopleenjoysecretcodes.Theharderthecode,themoresomepeoplewilltrytofigureitout.wartime,codesespeciallyimportant.Theyhelparmysendnewsaboutbattlesandofenemyforces.Neithersidewantsitscodebrokenbythe(10-1)Oneimportantcodeneverbroken.usedduringtwobytheAmericans.spokencode,neverwrittendown,anditsdevelopedandusedbyNavajoIndians.TheycalledtheNavajocodetalkers.TheNavajocreatedthecodesintheirownlanguage.Navajoistoandonlyapeopleknowit.Soitprettycertainthattheenemywouldnotbeabletounderstandthecodetalkers.addition,thetalkersusedcodewords.Theycalledasubmarineandironfishandasmallbombthrownbyhandapotato.theywantedtospellsomething,theyusedcodewordsforlettersoftheAlphabet.instance,theletterAantorappleorax.ThecodetalkersworkedmostlyintheislandsinthePacific.Oneortwowouldbeassignedagroupofsoldiers.Theywouldsendmessagesbyfieldtelephonetothecodetalkerinthenextgroup.Andhewouldtheinformationtohis(10-2)Thecodetalkersplayedimportantinseveralbattles.Theyhelpedthetroopscoordinatetheirmovementsandattacks.Afterthethegovernmentshonoredthemforwhattheyhadaccomplished.Theirsthemostsuccessfulwartimecodeused.Questions9tobasedonpassageyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽三道題各選項,由各選項中的Decodingarmybreakingenemysecretcodes可以初步推測,該短文與軍用密碼的破譯有關,再結合選項中的helpthearmyPacificmilitarycode等詞可以進一步推測,短文內容涉及二戰(zhàn)期間美國軍隊在太平洋區(qū)域使用的密碼。9Whatdoesthespeakersaymanypeopleenjoydoing?答案:C詳解:短文開頭即指出,很多人喜歡密碼。密碼越難,他們就越想要破譯出來。也就是說,很多人喜歡破譯秘密消息,答案為。10.WhatdoabouttheNavajocodetalkers?答案:A詳解:短文中提到,在二戰(zhàn)期間,美國的一種密碼從未被敵方破譯。這種密碼以印第安部落納瓦霍人的語言為基著重要作用。由此可知,他們在二戰(zhàn)期間給予了美國軍隊巨大的幫助,答案為A。1Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?答案:C使用者、使用方法以及戰(zhàn)后美國政府對這些密碼人員的獎勵進行了介紹。由此可以判斷,文章圍繞著密碼展開,向讀者全面講述了這種從未被成功破譯的密碼,答案為。Passageyouyoungandthinkingaboutyouryouwanttoknowwhereyoumakealiving.(12)there’stobeatechnologicalreplacementofalotofknowledge-intensivejobsinthenext20years,particularlyinthetwosectorsofthelaborwithprofessionalskills.Oneisteaching,andthehealthcare.havesomanyapplicationsandsoftwareandplatformsthattocomeinandprovideinformationandserviceinthesetwofields,whichmeansalotofhealthandeducationsectorswillberadicallychangedandalotofjobswillbelost.(13)willthenewjobsbefound?theonesectoroftheeconomythatcan'tbeeasilyduplicatedbysmalltechnologiesisthecaringsector—thepersonalis,can'treallygetarobottodoagreatmassageorphysicalorcan'tgetthekindofpersonalattentionwithregardtotherapyoranyotherpersonalservice.Therecouldbepersonalservices.(14)TherapistdoalotofIthinkthere'snolimittotheamountofpersonalattentionandpersonalcarepeoplewouldlikeiftheycouldit.But,therealquestioninthefutureishowcomepeoplethesethingsiftheydon'thavebecausetheycan'tgetajobthatenough.(15)That'swhyIwrotethisbook,whichisabouthowtoreorganizetheeconomyforthefuturewhentechnologybringsaboutdestructivechangestowhatusedtoconsiderhigh-incomework.Questions12to15basedonpassageyouhaveheard.knowledge-intensivejobsreplacedrevolutionizeroboticsnext20years和technology等詞可推測,短文內容與未來20年科技發(fā)展給就業(yè)方面所帶來的影響有關。1Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappeninthenext20years?答案:B詳解:短文開頭提到,未來20年,一大批知識密集型的工作將會被科技所取代。因此答案為。1Wherewillpeoplehavemorechancestofindjobs?答案:C詳解:短文中明確提到,個人護理領域的工作不可能輕易地被技術復制,即使是智能技術也不行。因此,將來人們在這一領域應該可以比較容易找到工作,答案為。1Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherapist?答案:A詳解:短文中提到,理療師們確實收費很高。因此答案為A。1Whatisthebookabout?答案:B詳解:短文末尾,講話者說,她的這本書主要討論的是在未來社會,當技術給我們曾經(jīng)認為的高收入工作帶來破答案為。SectionCRecordingOneAmericanresearchershavediscoveredtheworld'soldestpavedroad,a4,600-year-old(16)linkedastonepitintheEgyptiantothatcarriedblockstomonumentsitesalongtheNile.The8-mileisleast500yearsolderthananypreviouslydiscoveredroad.istheonlypaveddiscoveredinancientEgypt,saidgeologistThomasoftheUnitedStatesGeologicalreportedthediscoveryonprobablydoesn'twiththepyramidsaconstructionfeat,butitisamajorengineeringachievement,"saidhiscolleague,geologistJamesHarrelloftheUniversityofonlyistheearlierthanthoughtpossible,didn'tthinktheybuiltroads."(17)Theresearchersalsomadeadiscoveryinthestonepitthenorthernendoftheroad:thefirstevidencethattheEgyptiansusedsaws."Thisistheoldestexampleofsawsbeingusedforcuttingstone,"saidcolleagueJamesofWheatonCollegeinIllinois."That'stwotechnologiesdidn'tknowtheyhad,"Harrellsaid."Anddon'tknowwhytheybothabandoned."ThediscoveredintheFaiyumDepression,about45milessouthwestofCairo.Shortsegmentsofthehadobservedbyearlierexplorers,said,buttheyfailedtorealizeitssignificanceorfollowupontheirobservations.andhiscolleaguesstumbleditwhiletheydoinggeologicalmappingintheregion.(18)Theclearlybuilttoprovideservicesforthenewlydiscoveredstonepit.andHarrellhavefoundthethathousedworkersthestonepit.Theappearstodaytonowhere,endinginthemiddleofthedesert.Whenitbuilt,itsterminaladockontheshoreofLakeMoeris,whichhadelevationofabout66abovesealevel,thesamethedock.LakeMoerisreceiveditsfromtheannualfloodsoftheNile.thetimeofthefloods,theriverandlakethesamelevelandconnectedthroughagapinthehillsthemodernvillagesofel-LahunandHawara.Harrellandbelievethatblocksloadedontoduringthedryseason,thenfloatedovertotheNileduringthefloodstobeshippedtothemonumentsitesGizaandSaqqara.Questions16to18basedonyouhaveheard.thelongestroadancientEgyptconstructed500years和connectthevillagesalongthe1617題可能考查在這條路上或其周圍的發(fā)現(xiàn);第18題可能考查這條路的建造目的。1WhatdofromthelectureabouttheoldestpavedinEgypt?答案:D詳解:講座開頭提到,美國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上最古老的人工鋪就的道路,它將埃及沙漠里的一個采石場和運送石塊的水路連接了起來。因此答案為D。1Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinthestonepit?答案:A詳解:講座中提到,研究人員在這條路北端的采石場發(fā)現(xiàn)了埃及人使用巖石鋸的第一個證據(jù),這是人們使用鋸子來切割石頭的最古老的例子。因此答案為A。1whatpurposethepavedbuilt?答案:B詳解:講座中明確提到,這條路顯然是為了給新發(fā)現(xiàn)的采石場提供服務而建造的。因此答案為。RecordingThethin,extremelysharpneedleshurtallin.Gongpiercedthemintomyleftarm,aroundtheelbowthathadbotheringme.(19)Otherneedlesslippedintomyleftwristand,intomyrightarm,andthenintobothmyclosedeyelids.Thereanydiscomfort,justamildwarmingsensation.IdidbegintowonderwhathaddrivenmetotheofJamesinChinatown.ThenIremembered-thetorturingpaininthatleft(20)(Severaltripstoahospitalandtwoexpensive,uncomfortablemedicaltestshadfailedtoproduceadiagnosis.“Maybeonlefttoomuch,”thedoctorconcluded,suggestingIseeaboneDuringthehoursspentwaitinginvaintoseeaboneIdecidedtotakeanotherandtryacupuncture.)AChinese-AmericanfriendrecommendedItookthesubwaytoGong?ssecond-floormarkedwithahand-paintedGongspeaksEnglish,butnotoften.Mostofmyquestionstohimgreetedwithafriendlylaugh,butImanagedtolethimknowmyhurt.askedmetointoaroom,hadmeliedownonabed,andwenttowork.thenextroom,Ilearned,awomandanceralsogettingatreatment.Ilaythereawhile,Idriftedintoadream-likestateandfantasizedaboutwhatshelookedlike.AcupuncturiststodaylikelytobefoundonParkonMottStreet.all,thereestimated10,000acupuncturistsintheNowadays,alotofmedicaldoctorshavelearnedacupuncturetechniques;sohaveanumberofdentists.(21)Reason?Patientdemand.though,adequatelyexplainhowacupunctureworks.Acupuncturistsmaysaythatthebodyhasmorethan800acupuncturepoints.AlifecalledqicirculatesthroughthePointsontheskinconnectedtospecificbodystructuresandsystems.Acupuncturepointsstimulatedtobalancethecirculationofqi.”Thetruthis,thoughacupunctureisleast2,200yearsold,“nobodyreallyknowswhat?shappening,”saysPaulZmiewski,aPh.D.inChinesestudieswhopracticesacupunctureinPhiladelphia.Afterfivetreatments,therehasdramaticimprovementinmyarm,andthepainisafractionofwhatitwas.ThemainlysilentGongfinallyadiagnosisforwhattroubledme.“Pinchednerve,”hesaid.Questions19to21basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知:預覽三道題各選項,由Gongpain、acupuncture等詞可以初步推測,講座內容與中醫(yī)針灸治療緩解疼痛有關;再結合各選項中的New、perfected、nothaveanynegativesideeffects等詞可以進一步推測,講座內容涉及針灸療法在美國的推廣和所具備的優(yōu)點等。1Whatdoesthespeakerfindespeciallystrange?答案:DGong大夫起初是把針扎進了他一直就感覺很不舒服的左手肘周圍,隨后又把針扎進了他的左手腕,但此后的動作他就感覺很奇怪了,因為他的右手臂以及雙眼瞼都沒有不舒服,但Gong大夫也給扎了針。因此答案為D。2Whydidthespeakersee答案:C詳解:講話者提到,他的左手肘疼,但是去了好幾次醫(yī)院,做了幾項又貴又難挨的醫(yī)療檢查之后,醫(yī)生都未能做出診斷,還建議他去看骨科大夫,就是在等待看骨科大夫的時候,他決定去嘗試一下中醫(yī)的針灸療法。也就是說,他之所以會去找Gong大夫看病,是因為此前的治療都沒有效果,答案為C。2WhataccountforthegrowingpopularityofacupunctureintheUnitedStates,accordingtothespeaker?答案:A詳解:講座中,講話者用簡簡單單的兩個詞“Patientdemand”就說明了為什么針灸療法在美國會越來越受歡迎,原因就在于患者的需求。因此答案為A。RecordingThreeRonaldandLois,marriedfortwodecades,consideredthemselvesahappycouple.(22)intheearlyyearsoftheirmarriage,bothdistilledbypersistentthattowithoutbeingtrulyresolved.Theyuncoveredcluestowhatwrongbyresearchingafascinatingsubject:howbirthordernotonlyyourbutalsohowcompatibleyouarewithyourmate.(23)Ronaldandonlychildren,and“onlies”upaccustomedtobeingtheappleofparents’eyes.Matchtwoonliesandhavepartnerstosubconsciouslyexpecteachothertocontinuefulfillingthisexpectation,whileneitherhasmuchexperienceinthe“giving”end.alistofcommonbirth-ordercharacteristicsandsomethoughtsonthebestandworstmaritalmatchesforeach.(24)Theoldesttendstobeself-assured,responsible,aandrelativelyseriouslyreserved.maybeslowtomakefriends.Perhapscontentwithonlyonecompanion.Thebestmatcheswithayoungest,oramateraisedinaTheworstmatchiswithanotheroldest,sincethetwowillbetoosovereigntoshareahouseholdTheyoungestchildofthefamilythrivesonattentionandtendstobeoutgoing,adventurous,optimistic,creativeandlessambitiousthanothersinthemayself-disciplineandhavedifficultymakingdecisionsonhisown.Ayoungestbrotherofbrothersoftenunpredictableandromanticwillmatchbestwitholdestsisterofbrothers.Theyoungestsisterofbrothersisbestmatchedwiththeoldestbrotherofwhowillhappilyindulgethesetraits.Themiddlechildisinfluencedbymanyvariables;middleslesslikelytotakeinitiativeandmoreanxiousandself-criticalthanothers.Middlesoftensuccessfullyothermiddles.Sincebothstrongontact,notsostrongontheaggressivenessandtendto(25)Theonlychildisoftenmostcomfortablewhenalone.since“only”tendstobeawell-adjustedindividual,she'lleventuallytorelatetoanychosenspouse.Themaleonlychildexpectshiswifetomakelifewithoutgettingmuchinreturn.issometimesbestmatchedwithasisterofbrothers.Thefemaleonlychild,whotendstobeslightlymoreflexible,iswellmatchedwitholderman,whowillindulgehertendencytotesthislove.worstmuch?Anotherofcourse.Questions22to25basedonyouhaveheard.quarreledarguedspoiledchildhood和marriagesgoodatadventurousresponsiblewelladjusted等詞可以進一步推測,講座內容可能涉及夫妻雙方的不同性格特征。2WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutRonaldandearlyyearsofmarriedlife?答案:CRonald和Lois那幾年里,他們總是不停地爭吵,看起來每次爭吵都會過去,但問題總是沒有真正地解決。因此答案為。23.WhatdoaboutRonaldandLois?答案:ARonald和LoisOnlies是only的復數(shù)形式,only意為“獨生子女”。因此答案為A。2Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheoldestchildinthe答案:D詳解:講座中提到,家中最大的孩子通常很自信,有責任感。因此答案為D。25.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheonlychildren?答案:B詳解:講座末尾提到,獨生子女通常在自己一個人待著的時候比較舒服自在,但獨生子女的適應能力一般都比較強,因此他們最終能學著去適應自己的伴侶。因此答案為。PartⅢReadingSectionA全文翻譯:掃描并繪制吉薩金字塔群地圖的科學家們稱,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)吉薩大金字塔并不完全對稱。但實際相差也不是很大。這座金字塔是世界七大奇跡中最古老的。數(shù)百年來,這座金字塔的實際尺寸一直(困擾著21移走了。AERAGRAM28)記錄殘余物30)最多比西側的長度短5.5英寸.然而,最(31)吸引他的問題不是設計和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前是如何出錯的,而是他們是如何做32完美的。達什寫道:“我們只能猜測埃及人在僅用當時的工具的情況下進行鋪線是怎樣做到如此33精確34假設是埃及人把設計圖畫在坐標網(wǎng)格上,他特別指出這座大金字塔僅(35略3角分543角分51角秒)—名—考古學家阿特拉斯·奧勃斯庫拉指出,這一差異的數(shù)值“很小,但很近似”。詞:A)chronicles編年史;E)hypothesis假設;F)maximum最大值,最大量;momentum動力,勢頭;J)precision精確性,精度;Lremnants殘余部分,殘余物;revelations揭露,透露詞:A)chronicles記錄,將……載入編年史中;B)complete完成;established建立,設立;fascinates深深吸引,迷住Iperfect完善;puzzled使迷惑,使困惑;Mremoved移走,去除動形容詞:B)complete完整的;established確立已久的;I)perfect完美的詞:mysteriously神秘地;Oslightly略微,稍微詳解詳析:副2答案:puzzled使迷惑,使困惑詳解:空格所在句是現(xiàn)在完成時,空格位于助動詞has之后,賓語experts之前,因此應填及物動詞的過去分詞形式。此處意為“數(shù)百年來,這座金字塔的實際尺寸一直_______學者們”。上文提到,這座金字塔是世界七大奇詞,故答案為puzzled使迷惑,使困惑。2答案:Mremoved移走,去除aswereestablished和removedstones石頭”,而石頭不能beestablished“被建立”,故答案為M)removed移走,去除。此處意為“‘超過21英畝的堅硬白色圍石’原本覆蓋在這座金字塔上,但很久以前被移走了”?!?答案:A)chronicles記錄,將……載入編年史中whichtheworkAERAGRAM是一份用來__________古埃及研究協(xié)會所做工作的簡報,在其最新一期的報道中,工程師……?!备鶕?jù)句意推斷,簡報應該是“記錄工作”,故答案為A)chronicles記錄,將……載入編年史中。2答案:remnants殘余部分,殘余物survivingof存下來的外殼_________”。根據(jù)上文可知,原本覆蓋在金字塔上的白色圍石很久以前就被移走了,因此幸存下來的外殼應該是殘余物,故答案為Lremnants殘余部分,殘余物。3答案:F)maximum最大值,最大量詳解:空格位于不定冠詞a之后,介詞of之前,因此應填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。本句意為“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)金字塔東側的長度________比西側的長度短5.5英寸?!备鶕?jù)上文可知,金字塔并不完全對稱,但實際相差也不是很多,因此推斷此處表示最多相差5.5F)maximumamaximumof多,最大”。3答案:fascinates深深吸引,迷住what______備選動詞中符合句意的只有fascinates深深吸引,迷住D為答案。3答案:Iperfect完美的詳解:分析句子結構可知,空格位于soclose之后,根據(jù)but前的wrong可以判斷,空格處所填詞與wrong一詞對應,也應該填入形容詞。前文提到,最吸引他的問題不是設計和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前butIperfect完符合句意,故為答案,closeperfect為固定搭配,意為“近乎完美的”。3答案:J)precision精確性,精度詳解:空格位于限定詞such之后,因此應填入不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復數(shù)。此處意為“埃及人在僅使用當時的工具的情況下進行鋪線是如何做到如此_________的”。根據(jù)上文中提到的金字塔不完全對稱,但實際相差不多,以及東側的長度最多比西側的長度短5.5J)precision精確性,精度。3答案:E)hypothesishis只能猜測埃及人是如何做到精準鋪線的,由格上也是推測,是達什的假設,故答案為E)hypothesis假設。3答案:Oslightly略微,稍微詳解:空格位于謂語動詞oriented之后,應填入副詞。此處意為“大金字塔僅_______偏離主方向”。由下文間的差異也很小,故答案為Oslightly略微,稍微。SectionB全文翻譯:同齡人壓力有積極的一面()青少年的父母經(jīng)常用懷疑的眼光看待自己孩子的朋友。他們擔心青少年同齡群體有能力促使其成員單獨駕車或載有成年人時,發(fā)生致命車禍的風險更高。B)在2005年一項研究中,天普大學的心理學家勞倫斯·斯坦伯格及其合著者,彼時也在天普大學的心理學家馬戈·加德納,將306人分成三個年齡組:年齡較小的青少年,平均年齡為14歲;年齡較大的青少年,平均年齡為19歲;24歲及以上的成年人。實驗對象玩一款電腦駕駛游戲,在游戲中,玩家必須避免撞上毫無征兆突然出現(xiàn)在路上的墻壁。斯坦伯格和加德納隨機分配了一些參與者單獨玩游戲,或者有兩個同齡的伙伴旁觀。(37-1)當有同齡人旁觀時,年齡較大的青少年在危險駕駛指數(shù)上的得分要高出大約50%;當其他青少年與此相反,成年人的行為方式卻沒有什么差別,不管他們是獨自一人還是有他人旁觀。(37-2)斯坦伯格和加德納總結說:“同齡人的存在使青少年和年輕人,而非成年人,更有可能冒險。”然而,在這項研究發(fā)表后的幾年里,斯坦伯格開始相信,這種解釋并沒有抓住問題的全貌。為什么在其他現(xiàn)在一些專家提出,我們應該利用青少年的大腦對朋友在場的敏銳感知,并借助它來改善教育。在年的一項研究中,斯坦伯格和他的同事們轉而使用功能性磁共振來研究同齡人的存在如何影響青少年的大腦活動。他們掃描了40名正在玩虛擬駕駛游戲的青少年和成年人的大腦,該游戲旨在測試玩家會在黃燈時剎車,還是會加速通過十字路口。與獨處時相比,被同齡人觀察是青少年的大腦,而非成年人的大腦,在兩個月獎勵相關的區(qū)域表現(xiàn)得更為換句話說,當青少年和同齡人共處時,獎勵對他們而言作用更強烈,這促使他們去追求可能會帶來巨他8同齡人的存在如何影響年輕人收集和應用信息的方式。結果是:與獨自玩愛荷華賭博任務的青少年相比,在青少年同伴注視下玩該游戲的青少年探索行為更多,從積極和消極的結果中學習的更快,并且在任務中表現(xiàn)得更好。(在同齡人在場時比他們獨處時學習更快、更有效?!边@一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對我們思考如何教育青少年有著重要的意義。H)(36)馬修·D.利伯曼是加州大學洛杉磯分校的一名社會認知神經(jīng)學家,也是2013年出版的《社會:為什么我們的大腦被連接在一起》一書的作者,他懷疑人類的大腦在學習具有社會意義的信息方面特別熟練。他指出,2004年的一項經(jīng)典研究中,達特茅斯大學和哈佛大學的心理學家使用功能性磁共振來追蹤17名年輕男子在聆聽他們在有社交動機的情況下,可以更好的記住這些陳述。I)該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),當實驗對象思考并隨后回憶信息內容方面的描述時,與事實記憶相關的區(qū)域,如內測顳葉變即使此時傳統(tǒng)記憶區(qū)域的活動水平較低。()最近,正如他在2012年的一篇評論中所報告的,利伯曼已發(fā)現(xiàn),和存儲學校中教授的信息——這有可能會讓學生獲得一些尚未開發(fā)的智力?!盝)39它實際上是一種由荷爾蒙變化引發(fā)的神的家庭,同時與父母分開并自謀生計。為了成功地做到這一點,他們的大腦促使他們去思考甚至迷戀別人。然而,我們的學校主要側重于把學生當作個體。如果教育者利用青少年會受到強烈的驅動從社交角度進行介紹丘吉爾。本身較少涉及人際關系的科目,如數(shù)學,可以通過團隊解決問題和同伴輔導的方式獲得其社交方面。(44研究表明,當我們?yōu)榱私虅e人而吸收信息時,我們學得更準確和更深入,也許部分原因是我們正在參與我們的社會認知。L)盡管焦慮的父母可能并不接受一觀念,但教育者可以將青春期的魯莽轉變?yōu)閷W術目的。倫敦大學學院的認知神經(jīng)學家薩拉-38我們應該向此類學生保證,冒險,甚至同齡人的壓力都可能會成為一件好事——只要它發(fā)生的教室里,而非汽車里。詳解詳析:3ItthoughtprobablethattheMatthewLieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofhumanbrainparticularlygoodatCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsArepicking-upsociallyimportantConnect,suspectsthatthehumanbrainespeciallyadeptatlearninginformation.sociallysalientinformation.pointsaclassic2004studywhich譯文:人們認為人類的大腦可能特psychologistsatDartmouthandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRI別善于獲取具有重要社會意義的信trackbrainactivity17youngastheylisteneddescriptionsofpeoplewhile定位:由題干關鍵詞thehumanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription)orsociallyneutralbrainsociallyimportantinformation(suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsthedescription)information定位到H段畫線處。concentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues(forexample,tryingforman和descriptionsweretheeachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.詳解:H段第一句提到,馬修·D.利伯曼懷疑人類的大腦在學習具有社會意義的信息方面特別熟練。題干中的particularlygoodat對應原文中的especiallyskillfulat;important是對原文中significant的同義轉述,故答案為H。37.ItcanbeconcludedfromexperimentthattheC.Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofpresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyriskydrivingwhentheirpeersweretheroom—andthedrivingofadolescentsandyouth.earlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.contrast,adultsbehavedsimilarregardlessof增加了青少年和年輕人的冒險行為。whethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers.presenceof定位:由題干關鍵詞thepresenceofpeers、peersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelyeincreasesrisk-taking和adolescentsandyouth定risks,”SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.C段畫線處。詳解:C段第一句列舉了年齡較大的青少年和年齡較小的青少年這兩組實驗對象的實驗結果:當有同齡人在場時,年齡較大的青少年在危險駕駛指數(shù)上得分要高出大約50%increasesrisk-taking對應原文中的makes...morelikelyrisks,故答案為C。38.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingAndalthoughanxiousparentsnotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnessacademicends.“Risktheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.譯文:應該告知學生,教室內的冒險可能takinganeducationalcontextavitalskillthatenablesprogressand具有積極作用。wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistat定位:由題干關鍵詞risk-takingtheUniversityLondon,areviewpublishedlastshenoted,classroom和somethingpositive定位到L段youngpeopleareespeciallyriskaverseatschool—afraidthatone畫線處。lowtestscoreorshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongashappenstheclassroomandnotthemediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselective詳解:L段最后一句提到,我們應該向此類學生保證,冒險,甚至同齡人的壓力都可能會成為一件好事——只要它發(fā)生在教室里,而非汽車里。根據(jù)上下文可知,定位句中的指代risk;題干中的Studentsshouldbetold對應原文shouldassuresuchstudentssomethingpositive對應原文中的agoodthing,故答案為。39.TheoffindingaandJ.Ifhumansaregenerallygearedrecalldetailsaboutonethispatterngettingmarriedaccountsforprobablyevenpowerfulamongteenagerswhoareattentivesocialadolescents’greaterattentiondetails:whoin,whoout,wholikeswhom,whomadatwhom.Theirpenchantsocialinteractions.schoolworkorofdrivingadultsactuallyaneurological(神經(jīng)的)使得青少年更加關注社會交往。initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peoplethiseforsocialdramanot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirfindingamategroupareatawhichtheycanpreparefindamateandstarttheirown和gettingmarried定位到J畫線familywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.dothistheirbrainpromptsthemthinkandevenobsessaboutothers.詳解:J段倒數(shù)第三句提到,它實際上是一種由荷爾蒙變化引發(fā)的神經(jīng)敏感。由上文可知,定位句句首的It指代上一句的主語Theirdesireforsocialdrama,而initiatedbyhormonalchanges則說明了青少年關注社會戲劇事件的原因。階段,他們可能準備尋找伴侶和組建自己的家庭,同時與父母分開并自謀生計。題干中的gettingmarried對應原文starttheirownsocialinteractions對應原文中的socialdrama,故答案為J。40.AccordingthepresenceofpeersTheresults:whoplayedtheIowaGamblingundertheincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’eyesoffellowadolescentsengagedmoreexploratoryleaning.learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachieved譯文:斯坦伯格認為,同齡人在場提高了青少betterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedsolitude.年學習的速度和效率?!癢hatourstudysuggeststhatteenagerslearnmorequicklyand定位:由題干關鍵詞Steinberg、increasesthemorewhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey‘reonspeedandeffectiveness以及teenagers’leaning定theirown,”Steinbergsays.AndthisfindingcouldhaveimportantG段畫線處。implicationsforhowthinkabouteducatingadolescents.題干中的thepresenceofpeers對應原文中的theirpeersarepresentincreasesthespeedandeffectiveness對應原文中的morequicklyandmoreeffectively,故答案為G。41.parentsareoftenconcernedaboutParentsofteenagersoftentheirchildren‘sfriendshnegativepeerinfluence.somethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergroup譯文:青少年的父母常常擔心同齡人的負面影hasthepowerpushmembersintobehaviorthatfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinesswellfounded:statisticsfor定位:由題干關鍵詞parents和example,thatateenagedriverapassengerthecarconcernedabout定位到A段畫線處。athigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneoranadult.詳解:A他們擔心青少年同齡群體有能力促使其成員做出愚蠢甚至危險的行為。題干中的are...concernedabout對應原文中的worry;negativepeerinfluence是對原文中的thepowerpushmembersintobehaviorthatfoolishandevendangerous的概括總結,故答案為A。4ActivatingthesocialnetworkI.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalledinvolvedsociallymotivatedlearningdescriptionstermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedandmemoryallowstudentstapfactualsuchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingunusedmentalpowers.aboutorrememberingdescriptionstermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivated譯文:激活涉及社交動機型學習和記憶thedorsomedialprefrontalcor

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