step-by-step-3000-第一冊(cè)第5單元ppt

Unit5NetChangesLifeNetChangesLifePartIWarmingupPartIINetworkandnetworkingPartIIIFutureoftheInternetPartIVShorttalksonlisteningskillsPartIWarmingupAvocabularyLeonardKleinrock克蘭洛克Stanford斯坦福Promptly敏捷地，迅速地Crash撞毀RayTomlinson雷.湯姆林森

Author作者，創(chuàng)造者Punctuation標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)QueenElizabethII伊利莎白女王二世AvocabularyHeadofstate國(guó)家元首JimmyCarter吉米卡特WalterMondale沃爾特.蒙代爾Campaign運(yùn)動(dòng)，參加競(jìng)選Coordinate使協(xié)調(diào)ColbyCollege科爾比學(xué)院Waterville沃特維爾Maine緬因州AvocabularyInstitution制度Circulate傳播Hoax惡作劇Entitle題名Erase擦掉，消除Recreate再現(xiàn)Corner角落

AanswersOctober1969/firstemailmessage/March1972addresses/February1976Headofstate/Fall1976/JimmyCarterUS$4/September1983/Highereducation/accounts/December1994/erase/destroy/December1998BvocabularyFeature特點(diǎn)Techie技師Shorthand速記Zoom急速移動(dòng)Decode譯碼，解碼Abbreviation縮寫(xiě)詞Humble謙遜的，謙虛的Modest謙虛的BvocabularyFolk人Commonly通常地Abbreviated簡(jiǎn)短的Phrase短語(yǔ)，成語(yǔ)Endless無(wú)止境的High-tech高科技era時(shí)代Procedure步驟，程序BanswersasIseeitopinionworthifI’mwrongasamatteroffactbelieveitornotInformationownbusinessstandardfornowbeseein’youBOnefeatureoftheinformationsuperhighwayisthatthetraffictravelsfast,andtechiesusetheirownspecialshorthandtokeepmessageszoomingalong.Todaywe’llhelpyoudecodetechtalkbyansweringsomenotsofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutabbreviationsontheInternet.WhatdoesitmeanwhenamessageincludesthelettersAISIorIMHO?AISIstandsfor“asIseeit”andIMHOisshorthandfor“inmyhumbleopinion.”SomemodestfolkswillalsoaddFWIWbeforesharingtheiropinion,whichstandsfor“forwhatit’sworth.”O(jiān)thersexpresstheirdisapprovalwiththelettersCMIIW.Thatis,“correctmeifI’mwrong.”BThelistofcommonlyabbreviatedphrasesontheNetisnearlyendless.Asamatteroffact,AAMOFstandsfor“asamatteroffact,”and“believeitornot”getspostedasBION.Arethereanypre-Information-Ageabbreviationsstillmakingtheroundsinthishigh-techera?Youbet.TheoldstandbysFYI,MYOBandSOPwhichstandsfor“foryourinformation,”“mindyourownbusiness,”and“standardoperatingprocedure”arestillfrequentlyusedtodayeveninemail.Sincetimeisgettingshort,hastheNetgivenustrulyshortandclearwaystosaygood-bye?TryTAFN(that’sallfornow),andBCNU(beseein’you).CvocabularyTimBerners-Lee伯納斯.李Foundation建立Scientist科學(xué)家Primitive原始的，簡(jiǎn)單的Form形成E-commerce電子商務(wù)Invention發(fā)明Rapid快的，急速的CanswersTimBerners-Leeinthe1980sinthe1990ontotheInternet10/100,00e-commercepeoplewithimaginationandnewideasCTimBerners-LeeisthemanwhowrotethesoftwareprogramthatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeb./Who?Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversionofemail./When?In1990TimBerners-LeewroteprogramswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb./When?In1991hisprogramswereplacedontotheInternet./Where?Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100,000./Howmany?Rightnowtheworldisfocusedone-commerce./What?Theinventionofthewebbringsrapidrewardstopeoplewithimaginationandnewideas./Towhom?PartIINetworkandnetworkingAvocabularyVerb動(dòng)詞Railroad鐵路Vehicle交通工具，車(chē)輛Publication書(shū)刊West西方Trolleycar有軌電車(chē)Permit允許Unofficial非官方的AanswersA1:connectedsystemconnectionstationspeopleA2:ConnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesConnectedsystemofradiostationsSystemlinkinganumberofcomputerstogetherAFewthingsinthisworldchangeasfastaslanguages.Everyday,newwordsarecreatedtodealwithnewideasornewtechnologies.Newmeaningsalsoareaddedtoexistingwords.Adictionarypublishedyearsagomayshowoneortwomeaningsforaword;adictionarypublishedtodaymaylistseveralmoremeaningsforthesameword.Networkisonesuchword.Itcombinestwowords.Thefirstis“net,”itmeansmaterialsthatareconnected;thesecondis“work”.Onemeaningof“work”isasystem.Networkmeansaconnectionofsystemsthatworktogether.Thesystemsthatnetworksconnectcanbeverydifferent.Forexample,radioandtelevisionstationscanbeconnectedinthenetwork,socancomputersandevenpeople.WordexpertMilfordMatthewfoundwrittenusesoftheword“network”inthelate1800s.Thewordthenwasusedasaverb,awordthatshowsaction.Atthattimenetworkmeanttheconnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesusedfortravel.OnepublicationsaiditisonlyaquestionoftimewhentherailroadswillnetworkanareaoftheAmericanwestcalledthe“PanHandle”.Anotherpublicationofthetimesaidcompleteareasarenetworkedbytrolleycars,whichareakindofelectrictrain.ANowweoftenhearnetworkusedinconnectionswithbroadcasting.TheBarnhartDictionaryofNewEnglishsaysthatasearlyas1914,peopleusedittomeanaconnectedsystemofradiostations.Thismeaningcontinuestobepopular.Amoremodernuseoftheword“network”islinkedtocomputers.Anetworkisasystemthatlinksanumberofcomputerstogether.Networksmakeitpossibleforpeoplewhousecomputerstoshareinformationincostlyequipment.Manycompaniesandgovernmentagenciessharethesamecomputernetwork.Thecomputersarelinkedthroughamaincomputerorthroughspeciallines.Somepeopleareabletodotheirjobsfromtheirhomecomputers.Computernetworksalsopermitanexchangeofunofficialinformationanddiscussionsbetweencomputerusers.Bylinkingtheircomputerstotelephones,peoplecanbuygoodsthroughtheircomputers.Theycansendmessagestofriendsinmanycountries.Anothermodernuseoftheword“network”concernsrelationsbetweenpeople.Ideasandinformationareexchangedbypeoplewhonetworktoshareinterestsandgoals.ManyAmericansnetworktogetbetterjobsortomeetnewfriends.Meetingnewfriendsbynetworkingisnotworkthoughisfun.BvocabularyPropose提議Merger合并Anticipate預(yù)測(cè)Pipeline管道，管線Consume使用Era時(shí)代Distant遙遠(yuǎn)的Envision想象BvocabularyWiring布線Dormitory宿舍Admissionpeople招生員Indeed的確Priority重點(diǎn)Restructure重建Meager貧乏的Budget預(yù)算BvocabularyAfford擔(dān)負(fù)得起Acknowledge承認(rèn)Pursuit工作，追趕Fraction一部分，一點(diǎn)兒Bulk大塊Instant即時(shí)Toll-free免費(fèi)High-rise有多層的BvocabularyDorm宿舍Hallway走廊Mowdown摧毀Opposite在……對(duì)面Simultaneously同時(shí)地Elevator電梯Headoff阻擋Antiquate過(guò)時(shí)的BanswersB1b.gettingassignmentsandresearchpapersc.attendingprofessors’“virtualofficehours”d.courselecturesEntertainmentb.onlinegamesCommunicationsb.toll-freephonecallse-commerceordersBTheproposedmergerofAmericaOnlineandTimeWarneranticipatesanagewhenhigh-speedInternetaccessiseverything.Itwillbeapipelineforalmostalltheentertainment,communicationsandinformationthatpeopleconsume.ItisanerasodistanttomostAmericansthattheycanhardlyenvisionit.Andyeitalreadyexists.Infact,itistheonlyworldthattoday’scollegestudentsknow.CollegesacrosstheUnitedStateshavespenthundredsofmillionsofdollarsinrecentyearswiringdormitoriesforhigh-speedInternetaccess.Whenadmissionspeoplegooutandtalktostudentsthesedays,thestudentsalwaysask,“Doyouhaveahigh-speednetwork?”Indeed,fortoday’sstudents,havinghigh-speedInternetaccessisatoppriority.Theybasetheirhousingdecisionsonit,andrestructuretheirmeagerstudentbudgetstoaffordit.BCollegeadministratorsacknowledgethatacademicpursuitsarejustafractionoftheactivityontheircampusnetworks.Thebulkofthetrafficconsistsofdatacontainingmusicfiles,instantmessages,toll-freephonecalls,e-commerceorders,onlinegamesandjustaboutanything.Atahigh-risedormattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,walkingdownthehallwayontheeighthflooralmostanytimeofday,you’relikelytohearstudentsinseparateroomsshoutingateachother-“Youkilledme!”–astheymoweachotherdowninonlinegamesplayedoverthenetwork.Friendsfromoppositeendsofthefloorsimultaneouslymakefortheelevators.They’vejustmessagedeachotherbycomputerthatit’stimetoheadofftothediningcommons.Tothem,knockingonsomeone’sdoorisanantiquated20thcenturytradition.Today’sstudentsregisterforclasses,gettheirhomeworkassignments,researchpapersandattendprofessors’“virtualofficehours”online.SomeuniversitiesevenpostcourselecturesontheNet,sothatstudentscanreviewthemanytimetheywish.Justasoneofthestudentsputit:“WeliveourlivesovertheInternet.”P(pán)artIIIFutureoftheInternetAvocabularyVaguest不明確的Fascinating迷人的Somewhat有點(diǎn)，稍微Unsettling混亂的，使人不安的Revolution革命Inch緩慢地移動(dòng)Transform改變Amusement娛樂(lè)AvocabularyExperimenting

anarchy無(wú)政府主義實(shí)驗(yàn)Sudden突然的Transmit傳送Satellites衛(wèi)星Boundary分界線Political政治的Strain拉緊Quarter四分之一AvocabularyIsolate使孤立，使隔離Blend混合White-collar白領(lǐng)階級(jí)的Clerical文書(shū)的，辦事員的Export出口Factory工廠Massive大量Asset有價(jià)值的Aanswers1.thedesktopintooureverydaylife.2.experimentinganarchy.3.disappear.4.EconomiesAA-AnchorP-NetPotterS-SpecialistA:We’regonnatakeacloserlooktonightagainatthefutureoftheInternet.Notthatwehaveanythingbutthevaguestideawhereit’sgoinginthelongrun.OneofthetrulyfascinatingandsomewhatunsettlingaspectsoftheInternetrevolutionishowmanytechnologistsandscientistssaythatthefuturemayholdanynumberofsurprises.Sowe’regoingtoinchourwayintothefuture.P:AttheInternetWorldTradeShowinNewYork,theyseeafuturewhenthewebiseverywhere.S1:Technologyismovingfromthedesktopintooureverydaylife.P:Imaginework,society,economics,relationships,alltransformed,whenanyone,anytimecangetanymessageorknowledgeoramusementtheywant,anywhereontheplanetwithoutsomuchasawire.S2:Inmanyways,theInternetistheworld’slargestexperimentinganarchy,becauseallofasudden,thecitizensoftheworldareincharge,andnosinglegovernmentorgoverningbodyisinchargeofwhattheydo.AP:Keepinmindthatthewe,transmittingbysatellites,cellphone,cable,goesthroughnoonecentrallocationthatanyonecontrols.Somanyoftheboundariesthatexisttoday,politicalandeconomic,willbestrainedasneverbefore.Somescientistssaythreequartersoftheworld’slanguageswilldisappearasthenetconnectsisolatedplaces.AlreadyEnglishiswhatyoufindonmostwebpages,blendingcultures,nomatterhowmuchpeopletrytosavethem.Economiesarechangingtoo.Asdistancebecomesmeaningless,white-collarclerical,accountingoradministrativejobsarebeingexportedtoAsia,justasblue-collarfactoryjobswereyearsago.S3:Imagine,thereare40or50millionIndians,nottomentiontheChinese,whocoulddeliverofficeworktotherichcountriesoftheworldfortwodollarsanhour.P:Sothismassivewebofinformationisbothanassetandathreat,changingcultures,economies,governments,inwaysnoonecanimagineorcontrol.BvocabularyToronto多倫多Describe描述Interact相互作用Individualism個(gè)人主義，我行我素Grasp理解，抓住Contradict反駁Flesh-and-blood人類(lèi)Interaction相互作用BvocabularyInterchange互換Folk人們Concern關(guān)心Hermit隱士Shutout排除Make-believe假裝Flicker閃爍Contrary相反的BvocabularyEver-growing不斷增長(zhǎng)Cyber信息技術(shù)的Crises危險(xiǎn)Child-rearing養(yǎng)育子女Critical關(guān)鍵性的Tricky狡猾的BanswersB1persontoperson/realmanymorereal/friendsrelativescareersneighborsmedicalcrisescolleaguesbyphonechoosingaschoolorcollegeB2morepeoplekeepingmoretoourselvesBThere’saprofessorattheUniversityofTorontoinCanadawhohascomeupwithatermtodescribethewayalotofusNorthAmericansinteractthesedays.Andnowabigresearchstudyconfirmsit.BarryWellman’stermis“networkedindividualism”.It’snottheeasiestconcepttograsp.Infact,thewordsseemtocontradicteachother.Howcanwebeindividualisticandnetworkedatthesametime?Youneedotherpeoplefornetworks.Here’swhathemeans.UntiltheInternetandemailcamealong,oursocialnetworksinvolvedflesh-andbloodrelatives,friends,neighbors,andcolleaguesatwork.Someoftheinteractionwasbyphone,butitwasstillvoicetovoice,persontoperson,inrealtime.