201906六級真題（第三套）

2019年6月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:thispart,areallowed30minutesanessayonimportanceofteamspiritcommunicationworkplace.Youshouldatleast150wordsbutnothan200words._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)說明：由于2019年6月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereatenblanks.Youarerequiredselectonewordforeachblankfromaofchoicesgivenawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicethebankidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.Younotuseanyofthewordsthebankthanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonfollowingpassage.Steelvaluedforreliability,butnotwhencold.Mostformsofsteelbrittle(脆的)attemperaturesbelowaboutunlesstheyareothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atlowertemperatures,whileretainingstrengthandtoughness-withouttheneedforexpensive2826.fragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用魚雷攻擊)numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful“Libertyships”wasintroducedreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelinefortheAtlantic,and12brokehalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructurescoldconditions,suchasoil29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30theicynorththeArctic.scientistshaveasnickel.31findasolutionbymixingexpensivesuchYuujiKimuraandcolleaguesJapantriedaphysical32.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearsachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatthatofmodemsteelsthatarerichalloycontentand,therefore,expensive.33Kimura'steamintendsusetempformedsteelultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopereduceboththenumberof34neededaconstructionjobandtheirweight—byreplacingsolidsupports35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededeverythingfromautomobilesbuildingsandbridges.A)abruptlyadditivesapproachD)ardentlybesiegedchannelI)crackedJ)fracturesK)hollowrelevantreshuffledN)strivedO)violentG)comparableH)componentsSectionBDirections:thissection,aregoingreadapassagetenstatementsattachedEachstatementcontainsinformationgivenoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.Youchooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphmarkedaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyhere-arewereadyforA)Satellitesusedbetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesdemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones(無人機(jī))beforeminiaturesatellitesarebeginningfundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhodowhatupaboveourheads.AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedscienceaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleuseThequestionherenolonger“Canwe?”but“Shouldwe?”Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas“professionals”?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmayfromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatthebill:CubeSats.The“Cube”heresimplyrefersthesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSata10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanalaunchvehicle'sformerly“wastedspace.”MultiplescanbedeployedcombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.D)theircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareablehousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorsstudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)—aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionstheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansforoffutureEarth-escapingpayloadsthemoonandespecially)carryCubeSats.Becausethey'resoandlight,costsmuchlessaCubeSatintoorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorsatellite.instance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000putorbit.Thisdecreasecostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupsputsimpleinstrumentsintoorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedtheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentsdesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftsimilarcapabilitiestheSputnik(前蘇聯(lián)的人造衛(wèi)星).Sincethen,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearcmorethan130currentlyoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,nowopennonprofitcorporationsaswell.satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importancescientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofCubeSatsrisk-flee.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraisespacedebris—piecesof“junk”thatorbittheearth,thepotentialcauseserioustheycollideoperationalunits,includingtheISS.H)Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.Yetasopensupmoreamateursatellites,theyposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesleadthe“creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats.”I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'stheponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstheirownsmallsliceofspace.anerawhencansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some“expertamateurs”thesatellitecouldprovideinspirationforhowproceedresponsibly.J)1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedorderfosterhamradioenthusiasts'(業(yè)余無線電愛好者)participationspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,1961,byProjectOSCAR—aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedthefirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,wasputting“amateur”satellitesorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,membershavelearnedathingoraboutresponsibility.Here,open-sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple.theorganization,hasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverything—makingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailableeveryonetheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingamemberoftheteamresponsibleforAMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthatthere’snowaysneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccessthedesignsandimplementation.K)However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilityhijackandcontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof“self-governance”possiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areablebuildasenseofresponsibilitycommunitymembers,aswellassocietygeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whohavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They'reconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations—allofwhichreinwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere'sadangerthey'reill-equippedthinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesbeadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativetakingtechnologiesunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone—wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingatoneendofthespectrum,andimprovised(臨時(shí)制作的)explosivedevicesattheother.ThiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant-notsimplyensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,butengageamuchlargercommunityanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.ThisnotaneasyYettheevidencefromandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoaroundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,ensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunitiesconsidersberesponsible,actuallyis.Here'swherethereneedsbeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscientificcommunitiesincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandbeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.36.Giventheeasieraccessibilityspace,thinkabouthowpreventmisuseofsatellites.33347.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogetheraccomplishmorecomplextasks.8.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestheoftheirirresponsibleuse.9.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputorbitowingtheloweredlaunchingcost.0.carefulaboutsharinginformationoutsiderspreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAofferslaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenconstraints,possibleforcreativedeveloperstheCubeSattechnologydirectionsthatresultharmfuloutcomes.43.makingsignificantcontributionsspacescience,CubeSatsposehazardsotherspacevehicles.444.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorsstudyEarthfromandspacearound5.operatesontheprincipleofhavingalltechnicaldataaccessiblemembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesthissection.Eachfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthecorrespondingletteronAnswer2asinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonfollowingpassage.WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardthetheopportunityhaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn’tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendscolleaguesdidn’tasapriorityatall.Thissurprisingwhenconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatresearchhasexploredthewaywhichcollegial(同事的)tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.Perhapsexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelastIwasthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendoffourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingbebestmatesthepeoplesittingnextyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedtheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.It’sasimpletermthatencapsulates(概括)thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsaydisposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.IndifferencealsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallyMaintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.ofus,toomucheffort.Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsnotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachresolvingoftheissuesthatpopupatButtherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseefficiency.Lesschattingandsocializingmeansmoreworkingandchurning(產(chǎn)出).Theotherself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we’reprimedcompareourselveseachotherwhatananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformermostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.aside,athirdadvantagethattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundenhancecriticalevaluation,strengthenone’sfocusontaskresolution,andgreateraccessvaluableinformation.Noneofthatbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I’llanyway.46.Whatauthorrealizewhenre-enteredcorporateworld?A)Makingnewfriendshisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.Workingthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.D)Buildingcloserelationshipshiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatwelearnfrommanystudiescollegialrelationships?A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimcultivate.Closecollegialrelationshipscontributelittleproductquality.D)Conflictingrelationshipstheworkplacealmosteverywhere.48.Whatcaninferredrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A)Theyshouldbecultivated.Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.Theyarecorporateculture.D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.49.Whatdoesauthorsayaresociallylazy?A)TheyfeelUncomfortablewhenengagingsocialinteractions.Theyoftenfindthemselvesconfrontationtheircolleagues.TheyareUnwillingeffortsmaintainWorkplacerelationships.D)Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsdealinginterpersonalissues.50.Whatofbenefitsofindifferentrelationships?A)TheyprovidefunatWork.Theyhelpcontrolemotions.Theyhelpresolvedifferences.D)TheyimproveWorkefficiency.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonfollowingpassage.Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)surpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelieveusspecial.Thisagrandchallengeforourandmayrequirean“irrational”response.OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSearly2017wastheeffortsofGoogleautonomousdrivingaAccordingareport,Google’sself-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatoneinterventionaboutevery8,047ofautonomousdriving.Butevenimpressivetheprogressjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmiles0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Google’scarseasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.Drivingonceseemedbeahumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardGo(圍棋)tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinking2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworld’sleadingprofessionalGoplayers.computersconqueringwhatusedbedeeplyhumantasks,whatmeanthefuturebehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whathisplacebeaworldwheremachinesbeatusoneareaafteranother?nevercalculatefaster,neverbetter,orevenmoresafely.Actually,allcomesdownafairlysimplequestion:What’ssospecialaboutus?Itcan’tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.far,machineshaveaprettyhardemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnotbepredictedbyacomputer,andthansimplerandomness.Perhaps,wecontinueimproveinformation-processingmachines,we’llsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.weaimcomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthancompeteIfright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitycom