楊子之星項目建議書

YANGTZESTARProject

Proposal楊子之星

項目建議書2006年2月ALSOP

Design

LtdCRedUniversityofEastAnglia

DavisLangdonDSSRA

WORLD

LANDMARK一個世界標志TheestablishmentofDongtanEcoCity,anew,sustainablecityon

Chongming

Island,

presents

a

unique

opportunity

for

Shanghai

to

lead

bothChinaandtheWorld

inlow

carboninnovationandpractice.在黨和政府對崇明島開發(fā)政策方針的指導和影響下，創(chuàng)建一座可持續(xù)發(fā)展的全新生態(tài)城市成為了崇明島東灘發(fā)展的方向和標尺，同時它的建成也將為上海引領全中國乃至全世界低碳創(chuàng)新研究和實踐提供了獨特機遇。OneoftheprimarycomponentsofEconomicgrowthisEnergysupply.Even

more

important

forour

collective

future

is

a

clean

energysupply.

The

Yangtze

STAR

(Sustainable

Technologies

And

Renewables)

concept

is

designed

to

sustainably

supply

the

energy

needs

of

Dongtan

Eco

City.Combiningthebestofexistingtechnologiesinthisarea,anumberof

innovativeresearchfacilitiesforthefuture,andexemplarawareness-raisingandeducation,theSTARisanidealiconforDongtanandthe

WorldLandmark

for

low

carboninnovation.經濟增長的一個主要因素便是能源供應?？稍偕茉吹墓獙⒊蔀槲磥淼闹饕茉促Y源。“長江之星”（東灘可再生能源發(fā)電中心）的建設就是為了向東灘生態(tài)城市提供所需之可再生能源?！皷|灘之星”項目下涵蓋了可持續(xù)發(fā)展和開再生能源方面的最先進應用技術、多樣化未來創(chuàng)新技術研究設施和大眾可持續(xù)發(fā)展感知和示范教育等綜合功能。它在東灘屬地的落戶將使其成為低碳創(chuàng)新研究實踐的世界標志和里程碑?！皷|灘之星”項目下涵蓋了可持續(xù)發(fā)展和開再生能源方面的最先進應用技術、多樣化未來創(chuàng)新技術研究設施和大眾可持續(xù)發(fā)展感知和示范教育等綜合功能。它在東灘屬地的落戶將使其成為低碳創(chuàng)新研究實踐的世界標志和里程碑。This

is

of

crucial

importance

since

the

biggest

factor

in

climate

change

is

increasing

levels

of

carbon

dioxide

in

the

atmosphere

resulting

from

ouruseoffossilfuels.Toavoidthemostdangerousconsequencesof

climatechange,itisnecessarytosharplyreduceemissionsofcarbon

dioxide.由于人類對化石燃料的大量使用所導致的大氣中二氧化碳含量的大幅度增加，成為了目前氣候變化的最主要因素。因此我們需要盡可能地避免這一最重要的氣候危害因素的出現(xiàn)，而這也就使得急劇減少二氧化碳量的排放成為了重中之重。The

Yangtze

STAR

signals

the

birth

of

an

exciting

new

era

in

Energy

Generation“東灘之星”展示了一個全新的能源生產時代的誕生.1THE

POSITION

OF

THE

DONGTAN

STAR

INTHEWORLD東灘”東灘之星”的世界地位The

Star

will

becomethe

WorldCentre

for

low

carbon

awareness,

practice,training

and

research,and

a

major

internationalvenue

forconferencesonsustainability.AsauniqueVisitorCentreandEnergyThemePark,itwillbeallthemoreimpressiveforbeingattheheartofanactiveliving

community,pursuingalowercarbonfuture.Dongtan

Citymustnotbecomea‘laboratory’inwhichitsinhabitantsare

seen

as

subjects

of

observation

and

analysis,

but

appropriate

monitoringand

measurement

integrated

into

the

City’s

infrastructure

will

allow

them

to

best

optimise

the

sustainability

of

their

living,

and

will

enable

analysts

to

optimise

management

and

performance,

and

developand teach

best

practice

for

succeeding

communities.

Itis

anticipated

that

the

Star

will

be

a

prime

motivation

forcollaborative

research

and

training

between

Chinese

and

British

researchandeducational

establishments.“東灘之星”將成為匯集了低碳認知、實踐、培訓教育和研究，以及與可持續(xù)性發(fā)展相關的國際會議場所的世界焦點。而它作為以低碳消耗為目標的生活社區(qū)中心則令其具備了更為鮮活的實際意義。東灘生態(tài)之城不應僅僅是一座“實驗室”，這里的居住生活將被作為可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的觀測和分析對象，同時它還將作為一個合適的監(jiān)測和測量的手段應用到東灘城市基礎設施規(guī)劃建設中，從而最優(yōu)化東灘生活的可持續(xù)性，使得分析研究者能夠不斷優(yōu)化監(jiān)測和管理手段，為社區(qū)的成功建設開發(fā)并傳授最優(yōu)秀的實踐經驗。The

Star

will

notonly

bean

opportunity

to

embed

sustainabilityintoExpo2010inahighly-visibleway,buttopronouncesustainableprosperityasanambitionforChinaand

Shanghai

in

the

coming

decades.

It

will

also

be

a

symbol

of,andvehiclefor,continuingscientific,technologicaland

cultural

cooperationbetweenChinaand

theUK.“東灘之星”不僅將在視覺上將為2010年上海世博會添上一抹極具“可持續(xù)性”代表特色的濃重色彩，同時也在倡導和表達著中國政府對上海及其他城市未來十年可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的展望。它將成為中國與英國兩國政府間先進科學技術與社會文化合作交流的典范和重要載體。THEYANGTZE

STAR

楊子之星RIVER

OF

ENERGYCARRYINGSEEDSOF

THE

FUTURE

生命之河CONCEPT

設計概念The

Yangtze

STAR

is

inspired

by

the

meandering

journey

of

thisgreatriver,reflectingthestoryofChina’sHistory,Cultureand

Industry.

A

central

‘River

of

Energy’

flows

through

the

site,

hometo

the

Visitor

Attraction

Islands

and

Greenhouse

of

the

Future.

Seeds

dispersed

by

this

‘River’

become

the

Energy

Generators,feedingtheneeds

ofthenewEcoCity.“東灘之星”就像一條“能源之河”流經整個場地，生態(tài)走廊和散布其中的一個個生態(tài)小島（能源展示場所、游客交流平臺等）。長江生態(tài)文化于此播下生命的種子將經由這條“能源之河”滋養(yǎng)和傳播，而在未來生長出一個個可再生能源發(fā)電站，以供東灘生態(tài)城市發(fā)展的需要。THE

RIVER

OF

ENERGYTheRiverYangtzeflowsfromit’ssourceintheheartlandsofChinatoits

destination,

Chongming

Island,

at

the

edge

of

the

South

China

Sea.

ThisendlessstreamofflowingenergyispartofPlanetEarth’slife-blood,

anunbrokenchaininthecycleof

nature.長江，這條孕育了中華五千年古老文明的偉大河流，它在見證了歷史的興衰和文明的進程的同時，也在生生不息地述說著今日，展望著未來。東灘，上海東端的生態(tài)之城，長江之水融入東海的地方。長江水岸文化孕育了東灘的文明，成就了東灘作為可持續(xù)性發(fā)展生態(tài)城市的世界重要地位。“長江之星“能源中心項目正是受到這一概念的啟發(fā)，希望通過我們的設計和理念在東灘續(xù)寫“長江生態(tài)文化”的全新篇章，

用東灘特有的可持續(xù)發(fā)展生命觀向全世界展示并實踐著能源生態(tài)足跡的現(xiàn)在和未來。-卡皿零"

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,刪r IЪЪЪЪ-INTEGRATED

CONNECTIONSWITHTHE

ENVIRONMENT與環(huán)境息息相關The

Yangtze

STAR

isdesignedtoreducenegative

impacts

onthe

Environment,

andenhancethehealthandcomfortofresidentsand

visitorstoDongtan.Our

basicobjectivesaretoreduceconsumption

ofnon-renewable

resources,minimizewaste,and

createahealthy,

productiveenvironments.The

STAR

is

aholistic

responseto

our

surroundings,acleanbuilding

supplyingcleanenergy.“東灘之星”的設計初始是希望通過利用可再生能源，從而達到二氧化碳排放對環(huán)境的影響，而最終改善人們的居住環(huán)境，增強人類的身體健康。我們的基本目標就是減少非可再生能源的消耗、盡可能的減少廢物排放、創(chuàng)建一個健康和諧、豐富多彩的世界環(huán)境?！皷|灘之星“的生長真實地反映了我們所處的環(huán)境：一個利用可再生能源支持發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性建筑CONNECTIONS

項目關聯(lián)INTEGRATED

CONNECTIONS

WITH

DONGTAN

CITY與東灘生態(tài)城區(qū)發(fā)展的一體性TheYangtze

STARwillbetheheartbeatofDongtanCity,

connected

to

the

community

both

through

the

direct

provisionof

Electricity

and

Heating/Cooling

and

through

the

collection,

analysis,

visualisationand

operationalisation

of

energy

managementinformation(e.g.theenergyperformanceof

schoolsandotherbuildingsintheCity).Thisconnectionwill

beofmajorbenefitforawareness-raisingandeducation,as

well

as

optimising

energy

efficiency;

it

is,

thus,

important

that

thesensingandcommunicationinfrastructureisdesigned-

andbuilt-inin

appropriate

buildings

andsub-sectors.上海之星將成為東灘生態(tài)城市的心臟，它通過遍布的供電網絡、供熱供冷系統(tǒng)和能源管理信息收集、分析、實踐系統(tǒng)（如城市內學校和住宅的能源利用現(xiàn)狀）與城市社區(qū)致密相連。而這一實際存在的關聯(lián)將為于此創(chuàng)建能源認知教育設施和系統(tǒng)，同時優(yōu)化能源效能提供了極大的便利。因而，為建筑與相關開發(fā)環(huán)節(jié)設計配備靈活機動的基礎設施系統(tǒng)成為了關鍵?！鯯ITE

INTEGRATION

場地一體性Solar

Research

Centre

光能研究RestsaboveVistor

Centre

置于訪客中心之上BioMassGenerator

生物能能源發(fā)生器Plugs

intoArtificial

‘Hill’

嵌于實際的山坡地形之上Municipal

WasteGenerator市政廢物能能源源發(fā)生器Rests

at

base

of

‘Hill’

置于山坡地形之下BioGas

Generator

生物沼氣能能源發(fā)電Plugs

into

‘Hill’

嵌入山形之上5 Visitor

Centre

訪客中心‘EnergyRiver’ConnectsallelementsthroughanEco-Corridor,theGreen

house

of

the

Future

“能源之河”通過一條“生態(tài)走廊”即未來的溫室將場地內所有的元素相連1234512345The

Yangtze

STAR

project

consists

of:-“東灘之星”項目的組成部分GenerationofPower,HeatingandCooling,utilisinga

number

ofdifferentclean

energysources發(fā)電、制冷制熱以及對各類能源資源的充分利用；VisitorcentreandEnergyThemepark,including

InteractiveandEntertainmentcomponents

forschools

and

tourists,and

specialist

facilities

for

national

and

internationalconferences游客中心、交互式訪客及校際交流的娛樂和教育中心以及為國內外大型際會議提供的會議設施等；Greenhouse

forthe

future,

a

walk-throughliving

exhibit

containing

Hydroponic,

Aeroponic

and

conventional

gardensused

in

the

research

for

Bio-Fuel

and

micro-habitatstudies生態(tài)走廊；ResearchandDevelopmentfacilitiesinEnergy,Low-

Carbon

Innovationand

Water

Research.能源科學、低碳創(chuàng)新及水處理技術研究開發(fā)設施；Future

BusinessCentre

and

Incubators未來世界一流的國際會議中心；Headquarters

and offices

for Environmental andEnvironmentalmanagement

organisations環(huán)保產業(yè)及國際環(huán)保組織的公司總部和辦公中心；Educational

facilities教育產業(yè)設施；The

Yangtze

STAR

will

be

fully

integrated

with

Dongtan

City,

with

the

excess

heat

used

for

heating/cooling

of

Houses,

Offices,Businesses,

and

for

Leisure“東灘之星”將完全服務于東灘生態(tài)之城，其多余產出的熱能將被用于對住宅、辦公、商業(yè)娛樂設施等的集中供熱供冷。ENERGY

GENERATION發(fā)電WhattheSTARoffersisavisuallystunningcampus-parkwith,atits

heart,anenergystationabletouseamultiplicityoffuelsincluding

waste

or

grown

biomass,and

waste

streams

from

Dongtan

City

togetherwithwind-powerandsolarenergy.Theenergystationwillbedesignedinafuture-proofedcontext,within-builtflexibilitytoexploit

developmentsinenergytechnology.“東灘之星”在展現(xiàn)了其奪人耳目的多生態(tài)物理形狀的同時，在核心功能上它作為一個發(fā)電站項目綜合利用東灘生態(tài)城市內一切可利用燃料資源：如廢物、廢水、生物資源、水、風、太陽能等這座能源發(fā)電站將被設計成一個極具技術及功能前瞻性，同時在實際建設開發(fā)過程中，能夠靈活順應能源技術的快速發(fā)展需要隨時進行調整與更新。Leading

edgetechnologyusing

the

followinggenerationtechniquesThe

latest

gasification

technology

is

planned

for

the

Biomass

elements運用下列當代科技的前沿技術為生物能源設計的最新氣化技術LargeScaleWind

UrbanWind

Photovoltaic

Cells

MSW

CHPDigestionBiogasCHPRiceResidueCHP

CultivatedBiomasCHP

Cultivated

Biomas

Boiler大規(guī)模風能都市風能

光電池城市垃圾處理熱電聯(lián)產(CHP)厭氧消化沼氣CHP稻米處理殘余CHP農業(yè)生物能CHP

農業(yè)生物能鍋爐VISITOR

ANDENTERTAINMENT

FACILITIES訪客和娛樂設施WiththeupcomingExpotheSTARcanexpectverylargenumbersof

visitors.

Facilities

will

be

provided

to

cater

not

only

for

them

but

for

long

afterExpohasfinished.Thefacilitieswillincludedemonstrationand

entertainment

functions

including,

energy-awarenessrides,

games

andotheractivities.上海2010年世博會的這一重大盛事將為”東灘之星”帶來大量的訪客資源。因此，我們需要為來此參觀游玩的訪客提供相關的配套服務設施，同時響應政府對世博會后續(xù)利用的號召，于此創(chuàng)建更多的后續(xù)利用設施。此類設施的主要功能包括了展示、以及與能源生態(tài)相關的認知教育、過程體驗、嬉戲等活動。CONTENTS內容RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTFACILITIES研究和開發(fā)設施It

is

essential

that

the

STAR

looks

not

only

to

the

present

but

to

the

future.

For

this

reason

research

facilities

will

be

provided

for

developing

technologies,

research

intobiofuels,

Tidal

power

and

Hydrogenfacilities.Theywouldalsolookatlowcarboninnovation.

GiventheimportanceofthewaterenvironmentandwatersupplyinDongtan,

a

centre

for

research

into

water

quality

and

the

management

of

thewater

environment

would

beincluded.“東灘之星”項目不僅著眼于當下更寄希望于未來。這里的研究設施所創(chuàng)造產出的是不斷發(fā)展的生物燃料方面的新技術和研究成果和氫化設施，以及低碳創(chuàng)新技術的發(fā)展?？紤]到東灘水環(huán)境和水供應的重要性，一個水質改善和研究的中心及管理系統(tǒng)將被涵蓋于其中。FUTURE

BUSINESSCENTRE:ECO-INCUBATORS未來的商務中心This

will

consist

of

business

units,

designed

to

incubate

environmentallysoundcompanies,processesandproducts.這一項目的商務功能單元將被設計成為孵化環(huán)境能源企業(yè)的研發(fā)、制造和生產的場所。OFFICES

FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL

BODIES環(huán)境保護機構的辦公場所Environmental

bodies

based

in

the

STAR

campus-park

wouldemphasise

the

story

which

the

STAR

is

telling

about

our

use

of

energy,theresultingclimatestress,

and

theneed

to

mitigate

predictedfuture

impact.以”東灘之星”這個綜合項目為載體設立的環(huán)境管理和保護機構將更加強調了項目旨在通過對能源的利用達到改善環(huán)境氣候，緩解氣候變化對未來影響的設計初衷。EDUCATIONAL

FACILITIES教育功能設施Educationalists(atalllevels)inChinahavebeenconsulted,and

all

agree

that

the

STAR

will

be

a

major

educational

facility,

and

a

major

opportunity

to

develop

and

strengthen

links

between

UKandChinese

schools,collegesanduniversities

in

researchand

developmentas

wellas

ineducation.

CollaborationhasbeenagreedbetweenUniversityofEast

Anglia

and

universities

in

Shanghai,

and

with

the

University

ofCambridge.Alowcarboneducationcentrewilladdressall

aspectsofenergyuseandenvironmentalchange,andwill

includeaccesstoreal-timeinformationonenergyflowsand

usewithintheDongtancommunity.我們曾與來自于中國各個領域的教育工作者進行過溝通和交流，就上海之星應承擔起一個主要的教育功能設施達成了共識，同時也認識到它將會增進中英兩國學校、大學院間合作交流。在這個低碳教育中心內將從各個方面展示和強調能源利用和環(huán)境變化的過程和影響，這當然包括了東灘城市社區(qū)內實際能源消耗和利用的教育展示。DONGTAN

ENERGY

NEEDS東灘能源需求Following

analysis

of

the

projected

energy

needs

of

the

DongtanEcoDemonstrator,theteamisconfidentthatthe

YangtzeSTAR

schemeasshowninthisreportcansupport

theneedsofapopulationofupto32,530peopleintheyear

2010,

basedon

ArupsEnergyUsetarget

figures.根據(jù)對東灘生態(tài)示范區(qū)所作的專項能源需求分析，我們的團隊堅信報告中展示的“楊子之星”方案是能夠支持在2010年人口達到32,530人時的城市能源需求。（基于arup提供的能源利用目標數(shù)據(jù)）The

Fuel

requirements

in

terms

of

land

area

for

crop

growth

to

fuel

the

generators

would

be

approximately

16,295

Hectares.

90%

ofthiswouldberice-husk.生物能燃料所需的生長農作物面積需求約為16,295公頃，其中90%為稻谷的殘余物。The

chapter

‘ENERGY

ANALYSIS’

in

this

report

clarifies

the

assumptions

made.報告中的“能源分析”章節(jié)說明了這些假設的數(shù)值。SECTIONDIAGRAMS

剖面圖分析Visitor

Center訪客中心BioMass

Generator生物能能源發(fā)生器Biomass

FuelStorageshengwusshen

sshangwunSolar

Research

Facility光能研究場所Visitor

Centre訪客中心Municipal

Waste

Storage

市政廢物燃料儲存室Municipal

Waste

Generator市政廢物能源發(fā)生器BioGas

Fuel

StorageBioGas

GeneratorVisitor

CentrePLAN總平面圖Flood

Wall防汛墻ENERGY

OUTPUT

2010WIND

TURBINES風渦輪機組BIOMASS

GENERATOR生物能能源發(fā)生器7B,I0O0M0mAS2

S

STORAGE生物能燃料儲存8,000m24,000m2SOLAR

PHOTOVOLTAIC16,000m2伏電太陽能++++4,13933,971MUNICIPALWASTE

GENERATOR市政廢物能源發(fā)生器10,831MUNICIPAL

WASTE

STORAGE市政廢物儲存室BIOGAS

GENERATOR10,831生物沼氣能源發(fā)生器BIOGAS

STORAGE生物沼氣儲存室8,000m236,11359,663HEATING

&

COOLING發(fā)熱/制冷量ELECTRICITY發(fā)電量=81,325

MWh/Y74,223

MWh/YMWh/Year千瓦時/年INPUT入場OUTPUT=VISITOR

ROUTE

參觀路徑1 Parking停車場-

Landscaped

Parking

Zones景觀態(tài)停車區(qū)域River

of

Life生命之河Visitor

Centre

Experience:訪客中心的特殊體驗EcologicalCorridor生態(tài)走廊Educational

Energy

islands能源教育展示小島Entertainment

rides趣味之旅Greenhouse

of

the

Future生態(tài)走廊Explore

the

Generators能源發(fā)生器的探索Refreshments餐飲休閑Journey

to

the

City城市之旅Solar

Ferries

to

the

Eco

Demonstrator由光能驅動輪渡乘載的生態(tài)城市之旅VISITOR

ISLANDS

參觀驛站TheSTAR

Experience

=Entertainment+

Education體驗“長江之星”-寓教于樂THE

RIVER

of

ENERGYAmongstthe

Greenhouseofthe

FutureThetimeless

ebb

and

flow

of

the

river

Yangtze

has

inspireda

journeythroughtheSTAR.UnderneathaBamboo&ETFEcanopy,

theVisitorsCentreandEnergyThemeParkbecomehometoan

entertaining

Explanation

of

the

Past,

Exploration

of

the

Present

and

an

InsightintoourFuture.Thedifferent

chapters

in

the

story

of

climate

change,

our

use

ofEnergy,andthewaythetwoarerelatedwillbelinkedbythe

geographyoftheYangtzeRiver.

TheRiverrisesinmountainsat

5,400m,andsoitspassagedowntotheseaembracesanumber

ofdifferent‘weatherzones’whichcanbeusedtohighlighthowthe

Earth’sclimateis,andwill,change.Theimpactofclimatechange

onthepartsofChinathroughwhichtheRiverflowswillalsobe

featured.生生不息的長江之水述說著這個偉大的故事，由可再生竹質結構支撐著的ETFE高科技生態(tài)薄膜包覆下向于此參觀訪問的人們交互述說和探討著一個個生動而現(xiàn)實的關于過去、現(xiàn)在和未來的故事…The

Big

PictureEnergy

Cycles.Demand

and

Supply,

Global

ClimateModeling,

Natural&Humanimpacts.TheExhibitwillfeatureChineseand

Internationalcontributionstotheseunderstandings.Physicaland

interactivemodelswillbe

designed.宇宙的圖像能源形成和循環(huán)的過程、能源需求和供應的方式、全球氣候模型、自然與人類間相生相息的關系EcologicalCorridor

生態(tài)走廊EcologicalIslands生態(tài)島Earth

Storya.

Weatherrecords:Empiricalevidence&visible

signs我們的地球a.

記載歷史的天氣變化記錄歷史證據(jù)再現(xiàn)

-

寫實未來征兆b.Plant&Animalhabitatchanges:Migrationroutes×changing,

Harvestschanging,Treeringsasindicators.GrowingFood&Fuelon

Dongtanb.

氣候變化對動植物居住環(huán)境和習性的影響動物遷移路徑和時間的變化、種植物成熟季節(jié)的變化、樹木的年輪的訴說c.

History:

The

story

of

previous

climate

change

and

Carbon-forming

as

told

by

Global

and

Chinese

Geology,

Fossils,

Trees,

Dinosaur

extinction

etc.c.

歷史的重演恐龍的絕跡、化石的分析和對未來的預示Examining

the

Past

&

Predicting

the

FutureChina

2050,Asia

2050,Global

2050&

Living

withthe

ConsequencesWhatthelandscapesofthefuturemightlook

like.鑒古知今2050年的亞洲，2050年的世界，看看我們在過去和當下都作了些什么？它們的后果怎樣的？New

TechnologiesRenewables:

End

of

the

Oil

Age?

Clean

coal

technologies.

Hydroelectric,

Tidal,

Geothermal

etc.

How

nuclear

fits

in.

Removing

and

storing

carbon.

Reducing

demand

for

energy.

beyond

Dongtan.

Alternative

technological

solutions.

Geo-

engineeringfixes;shieldinspace,fertilizingtheoceans,etc.

新科技應用可再生科技: 終結石油時代？氫氣能、太陽能、水電氣能、潮汐能、地熱能源采集和利用的科技發(fā)展Dongtan:

Contribution

to

the

SolutionDongtan

and

its

role

in

the

‘Bigger

Picture’,

culturally,

socially

and

economically在東灘尋找答案東灘為世界描畫著未來的圖像The

Energy

StoryIce

StoryPolar

meltdown?

Evidence,

Flora

&

Fauna,

Penguins

on

the

move,Air

StoryDetection

&

Monitoring:

Earth's

energy

direct

from

our

nearest

star.

Evidence

that

the

atmosphere

is

heating

up.

Terra

satellite

investigates,CERES

sensor遙望蒼穹監(jiān)測和檢測：地球的能源來自于離我們最近的星球，這里的空氣溫度正在不斷地升高嗎？地球發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的調查研究結果，衛(wèi)星遙感定位監(jiān)控Ocean

StorySea

Level

Changes:

70%

of

Earth’s

surface,

rising

sea

levels,

Ocean

current

changes,

acidifying

theoceans,Energy

contentof

the

Yangtze=

10%

of

China’sneeds.

ThreeGorges

Dam

-

15Nuclear

power

stations,River

Transport海洋之舞海平面的變化：占據(jù)著地球70%的表面，不斷上升的海平面，海潮洋流的變化及影響to Antarcticconsequences. Highlighting Chinese contributionsScience.

Icein

the

mountains(especially

in

China)冰雪無界地球兩極冰雪的不斷融化：事實變化、棲居動物的遷移和生活習性的改變，以及可能預見的后果VISITOR

CENTRE

INTERIOR訪客中心的內部THEGREENHOUSEOF

THEFUTURE未來的溫室Therelationshipbetweenthewayweuseenergyandourlivingand

workingenvironmentwillbeshownbytheGreenhouseoftheFuture.This

will

give

an

exciting

insight

into

the

“what

if”

future

combined

with

a

seriousscientific

purpose.

Thesewillincluderesearchinto:-人類對能源的利用與其實際生活工作環(huán)境間的關系將通過這一未來的溫室進行展示說明。我將于此本著嚴謹認真地科學觀，揭示這一主題下令人興奮無比未來的“可能”。這些研究將包含以下的方面：Futureagricultural

and

horticultural

management

practices未來的農業(yè)和園藝產業(yè)管理實踐；Plants

needed

in

the

future

-

e.g.

those

with

increased

energy

yields

orthosewhichcansubstitute

forfossilfuels未來的種植物

–

那些在將來可被用于代替化石燃料可生長性能源資源；The

interactionbetweenplants,birdsandinsects

in

thefuture生物植物、鳥獸昆蟲的未來生態(tài)樂園；It

willalso

have

a

social

dimension,

encouraging

widespread

participationinmaking

decisionsaboutour

future.它還包括了將在未來催生更廣闊范圍的研究和實踐的社會意義層面內容。FORM

&

STRUCTUREEDUCATIONAL

EXHIBITSCONFERENCE

ROOMSINTERACTIVE

EXHIBITS

&

GAMES成功手冊貴抖搜索網2.C3722資料搜索網最大的管往貴抖下栽網提升企業(yè)管理能力個人進修充電VISITOREXPERIENCE 訪客體驗THEGREENHOUSEOFTHEFUTURE

生態(tài)走廊VISITOR

EXPERIENCE

訪客體驗EXTERNAL

VIEW

外景INTERNAL

VIEW

內景TECHNOLOGY:Precedents

&Proposed

核心技術：既有的及建議使用的BIOMASS–

GasExtractionCombined

CycleBiomass

has

been

utilised

for

many

years

in

combined

heat

and

power

schemes,generallythroughdirectcombustionbytraditionalboilers,

withpower

developed

by

steamturbines.Gas

extraction

technologies

offer

better

conversion

efficiencies,

as

the

fuelgascreatedcanbedirectlycombustedinagasturbineorengine.

Withagasturbinethereispotentialforgreaterefficienciesifthe

systemiscombinedwithasteamturbinethatutilisesthegasturbine

exhaustproducts.Therearemanygasextractiontechnologies,andallhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andalsotheyallproducedifferent

types

ofgas.There

arehowever3

maingroups.Airblownprocessesproducinglowenergy

fuel(3.5-7MJ/m3)Oxygen

blown

processes

(7-15MJ/m3)Heat

transforming

processes

producing

medium

energy

fuel

(15-25MJ/m3)生物質能整體生成及循環(huán)的聯(lián)生物質能已經在熱電綜合項目中運用了很多年，通過傳統(tǒng)的鍋爐直接燃燒并由蒸汽渦輪機進行發(fā)電。氣體的生成技術提供了更加高效的能量轉化，因為生成的燃氣能直接在燃氣機中燃燒。如果系統(tǒng)使用蒸汽輪機，燃氣機排出的熱量能被其使用，這兩者聯(lián)合使用則效率可以極大提高。有許多的氣體生產技術，它們都具有自己的優(yōu)勢和缺點，并且可生產不同種的氣體。在此介紹3種主要技術：產生低能量燃料的空氣鼓吹工藝

(3.5-7MJ/m3)

氧氣鼓吹工藝(7-15MJ/m3)產生中等能量燃料的熱轉化工藝ProcessBiomassofvarioustypesisprocessed,driedandthenfedintothe

patentedgasextractor.Thegasextractor,developedbyFutureEnergy

Resources

Corporationuses

a

pressurised

air-free

processthat

producesamediumenergysyntheticgas(approx.16.7-18.6MJ/m3)

that,

once

cooled

and

scrubbed,

canbe

fed

directlyinto

agas

turbine工藝各種生物質能經加工、干燥，然后進入一個專門的氣體發(fā)生器中，這種氣體發(fā)生器由Future

Energy

Resources

Corporation公司研制生產，使用無空氣增壓工藝產生具有中等能量的綜合氣體（大約16.7-18.

6MJ/m3),

然后經冷卻和凈化后，就能直接進入燃氣機。Figure

2.0

–

Diagram

ofFERCOsynthetic

gas

process圖2.0-

EFRCO綜合氣體生成工藝流程The

exhaust

gas

temperature

from

the

turbine

is

around

560oC,

whichcanthenbefedintoawasteheatboiler.Thisgenerateshigh

qualitysteamthatcanthenbefedintoasteamturbinetogenerate

further

electricity,

giving

an

overall

cycle

efficiency

of

over

38%.

Heat

is

reclaimed

fromthesteam

exitingthe

turbineviaa

condenser.從燃氣機中排放的氣體溫度是560oC，可進入一個廢熱鍋爐，產生的蒸汽進入蒸汽渦輪機進一步發(fā)電，這可使得整個循環(huán)工藝的效率超過38%，從蒸汽機排出的蒸汽通過冷凝器再次進行熱量回收。使用聯(lián)合循環(huán)（燃氣機和蒸汽機）可最大限度提高熱效率，把熱電轉化率由8:1減少至1.5:1。在冬天，余熱可用于給居民區(qū)供暖，在夏天，部分熱量可用于居民的熱水供應，剩余可用于制冷機為小區(qū)提供冷氣，也可用于冷卻進入燃氣機的空氣，把空氣從約30oC冷卻至15oC可提高燃氣機效率約1%，提高輸出功率10%，并提高排放氣體溫度,

可用廢氣加熱鍋爐，上海7、8月溫度一般在31-32oC。Utilising

a

combined

cycle

(gas

and

steam

turbines)

maximisesthe

overall

thermal

efficiency,

and

reduces

the

heat

to

electricity

ratio

fromaround

8:1to

amore

useful1.5:1.Inwinterthereclaimedheatisuseddirectlytoserveadistrict

heatingscheme.Insummersomeoftheheatisstillrequired

toservedomestichotwaterrequirements,andtheremainder

is

used

to

serve

absorption

cooling

machines

that

will

serve

adistrictcoolingscheme,butwillalsocooltheairinlettothe

gas

turbines.

Cooling

the

air

from

approx

30oC

to

around

15oC

improvestheturbineefficiencybyaround1%,increasesthe

outputbyaround10%,andprovidesahighergasexhaust

temperature

for

use

inthe

wasteheat

boiler.

Ambient

temperaturesinShanghaireacharound31-32oCinJulyand

August.Theprimaryfuelstreamisintendedtobericehusk,with

specifically

cultivated

crops

to

supplement.

The

Arup

reported

figure

of

69.365MWh/annum

equates

tobetween

18,100

and19,800tonnesperannumofricehusk.Ricehuskhasa

density

of

just

over

1

tonne

per

m3.

If

it

is

assumed

that

rice

isharvestedoverashortperiodoftime,thenthismeansthat

theentirecropwouldneedtobeputintostorageformostof

the

year.This

storagearea(s)

could

be

locatedlocal

to

the

fields,wherebyahubstorewouldserveanumberoffields,and

would

then

lead

to

a

bulk

transfer

to

the

biomass

as

and

when

necessary.Alternativelyacentralricemillcouldundertakeallofthe

processing,

and

part

of

the

waste

heat

from

the

power

station

could

assistinthepaddydryingprocess.Thepreferredroutetothesitewouldbeviabargethroughthe

canalnetwork.初級能源一般是稻米殼，并加入特別加工的農作物。有報告顯示每年有能產生Arup69.365MWh能量的稻米殼相當于每年18,100至19,800噸，其密度為每立方米1噸多一點。如果假設在水稻在一個較短時間內收割，這就意味著在一年大部分時間內所有所有農作物都應儲存在倉庫內。倉庫區(qū)域可位于稻田附近，中心儲存區(qū)可以服務于大量的農田，并可在需要的時候提供大量的能量原料。一個中央大米加工作坊可以進行所有這些工序，電站的部分廢熱可以用于稻谷的烘干工序。到工廠的最佳方式是通過河道用船運輸。Figure2.1–Plant1,BiomassGasExtractionPlant–UK&Dongtan

proposedform圖2.1-工廠1，生物質能氣體生產廠-

英國&東灘建議形式Plant

Details

工廠詳細參數(shù)Peak

Electrical

Output:–

4.9MW(2010)16MW

(2025)峰值電力輸出：Dimensions:

大小尺寸:Buildings

–建筑面積:Overall

Site

–場地面積:–

7,000m2–

15,000m2–

Highest

part:

最高部分:

Gasextractor氣體產生器-

approx

34m–

約34mFigure

2.2

–

Biomass

Plant

Layoutwith

dimensions圖2.2-

生物質能生產廠示意圖WASTEMANAGEMENT:

Municipal

Solid

Waste(MSW)The

Chinese

government

ismaking

concertedefforts

to

curb

air

pollutionthroughnationallegislaturesuchasits‘CleanerProduction’model

and

‘Law

on

the

Prevention

and

Control

of

Air

Pollution’.Althoughprimarilyaimedatthecoalburningindustries,itshouldbe

believedthatthiswillalsoapplytowasteburning,andthatlegislation

will

onlygetmorerestrictiveinthefuture.ItisintendedthereforetoutiliseaMunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)gas

extractionplant,asusedextensivelyinScandinaviaandGermany,as

air

pollution

from

traditional

incinerators

would

not

be

acceptable,

andthewastegastreatmentthatwouldberequiredwithtraditional

incineration

plantwouldbecomecostprohibitive.Also,

by

definition,

incineration

of

waste

does

not

count

as

a