高中英語語法名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句2.賓語從句3.表語從句4.同位語從句1.主語從句第一頁第二頁，共54頁。(1)連接詞whether\ifthat(2)連接代詞Who/whoeverWhom/whomeverwhoseWhat/whateverWhich/whichever(3)連接副詞whenwhywherehow名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：第二頁第三頁，共54頁。Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{

{名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語表語第三頁第四頁，共54頁。3.主語從句：（subjectclause)在一個完整的句子里,主語部分還含有主謂兩大部分結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略。例:誰去這不重要。Whowillgoisnotimportant.主語例:我們需要的是更多的時間。Whatweneedismoretime.主語第四頁第五頁，共54頁。例:他住在哪里我們都不知道。Wherehelivesisunknowntous.主語例:不太清楚她為什么遲到。Whyshewaslateisunclear.主語例:這本書怎么銷售取決于它的作者。Howthebookwillbesolddependsonitswriter.第五頁第六頁，共54頁。1

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主語從句第六頁第七頁，共54頁。Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowthatheisateacher.

{賓語賓語第七頁第八頁，共54頁。4.賓語從句：(objectclause)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。一般放在及物動詞，介詞后。例:我希望一切都好。Ihope(that)everythingwillbeallright.動賓例:你知道他在哪里嗎？Doyouknowwhereheis?動賓第八頁第九頁，共54頁。例:對于他說的話，我感到很驚訝。Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.介賓例:我認(rèn)為他們知道怎樣做這個練習(xí)。Ithoughtthattheyknewhowtodothisexercise.動賓*賓語從句從句中,連詞that只起連接作用,沒有實(shí)際作用,可以省略,而其他的關(guān)連詞卻不能省略。第九頁第十頁，共54頁。賓語從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分（可以作謂語動詞、介詞、）Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses第十頁第十一頁，共54頁。在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

itclear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.

由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,第二個that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcome

andthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留第十一頁第十二頁，共54頁。5.表語從句：表語從句:在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后.對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。例:問題是誰能去那里。Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.表語例:那是他為什么遲到的原因。Thatiswhyhewaslate.表語第十二頁第十三頁，共54頁。例:問題是我們什么時候得到答案。Thequestioniswhenwe’llgettheanswer.表語例:問題不是誰去，而是誰留下來。Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay.表語第十三頁第十四頁，共54頁。4.同位語從句：同位語從句通常放在要求有具體內(nèi)容的名詞（如：fact,truth,doubt,suggestion,idea,question,problem,hope,thought,fear等。）后面，用來解釋或說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.同位語從句例:我們明天放假的消息不是真的.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.同位語從句第十四頁第十五頁，共54頁。1)Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognize

humanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonwascomingtoinspectthem.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.第十五頁第十六頁，共54頁。1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.第十六頁第十七頁，共54頁。4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview._______ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.第十七頁第十八頁，共54頁。

1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句Practice第十八頁第十九頁，共54頁。Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.PredictiveClause(表語從句)ObjectClause(賓語從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause同位語從句Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem第十九頁第二十頁，共54頁?！癐t”isusedas

emptysubject形式主語為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.4.Itworriesherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.第二十頁第二十一頁，共54頁。It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It’ssaid/reportedthat…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道…

Itseems/appears/happensthat…顯然、明顯、碰巧..It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已經(jīng)通知/宣布…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑…

It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知）/acommonsaying（俗話說）that…在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句第二十一頁第二十二頁，共54頁。分析下列賓語從句中的連詞Idon’tdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3個句子中的連詞that,whether,if（是否）在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔(dān)任成分,被稱為連接詞注意：A.that本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if僅可以用于賓語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。連接詞第二十二頁第二十三頁，共54頁。一、名詞性從句的語序（1）名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a.That+陳述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納b.疑問詞+句子的剩余成分第二十三頁第二十四頁，共54頁。(2)疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句

語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？

FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()第二十四頁第二十五頁，共54頁。二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用（1）that和what的選用that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。

但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名

詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主

語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從

句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。第二十五頁第二十六頁，共54頁。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat第二十六頁第二十七頁，共54頁。

a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

e.介詞后的賓語從句

f.whethertodo做動詞賓語不能用iftodo.

gwhetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if.動詞discuss后if和whether的選用不能使用if的情況：第二十七頁第二十八頁，共54頁。

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenair

tomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether第二十八頁第二十九頁，共54頁。其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義,正確的選擇who、which、when、where、why、

how

等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。

第二十九頁第三十頁，共54頁。我們何時舉行運(yùn)動會還沒有決定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingis

notdecided.

我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwhere第三十頁第三十一頁，共54頁。that可省略的情況：

that不可省略的情況：

主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that的省略單個賓語從句中的that可省略第三十一頁第三十二頁，共54頁。1.Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.

4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematch

inspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshould

readEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddied

and__________hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)第三十二頁第三十三頁，共54頁。1.同位語從句的格式：2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用

三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別n.+連接詞+從句

order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。fact、idea,第三十三頁第三十四頁，共54頁。1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________he

gotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________we

shouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how第三十四頁第三十五頁，共54頁。1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時可省略。2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別第三十五頁第三十六頁，共54頁。1.Weexpressedthehope

thattheyhadexpressed.

2.Weexpressedthehope

thattheywouldcome

toChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.定從同從同從定從AttributiveorAppositive第三十六頁第三十七頁，共54頁。1.Thereason______wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.whythatthatthat第三十七頁第三十八頁，共54頁。Practicetime第三十八頁第三十九頁，共54頁。1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer第三十九頁第四十頁，共54頁。4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which第四十頁第四十一頁，共54頁。7.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how8.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that9.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because第四十一頁第四十二頁，共54頁。10.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because11.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif第四十二頁第四十三頁，共54頁。12.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that13.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon第四十三頁第四十四頁，共54頁。14.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak15.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what第四十四頁第四十五頁，共54頁。16.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes17.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif第四十五頁第四十六頁，共54頁。18.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what第四十六頁第四十七頁，共54頁。1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.that B.which C.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.what C.thatD.how3.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthat B.thinksthatC.isthoughtthat D.isthoughtthat4.It______heislateforclass.A.maythat B.mightthatC.maybethat D.mightbewhat5.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.which C.thatD.what6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.what C.whichD.when第四十七頁第四十八頁，共54頁。7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whether C.whichD.what8.Thereasonwhyhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.why C.thatD.what9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.that C.whichD.where10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuild C.bebuiltD.willbebuilt11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.A.keepB.wouldkeep C.keepsD.kept12.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.Whoever C.WhomthatD.Thatwho第四十八頁第四十九頁，共54頁。13.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.which C.whatD.whether14.Weheardthenews______ourteamh