貴州課標英語課件：范疇3 主題9　災害防范

課件需用office2010及以上版本打開，如果您的電腦是office2007及以下版本或者WPS軟件，可能會出現(xiàn)公式不可編輯或者有不同程度的動版。軟件使用編輯修改本課件全文均可單擊鼠標右鍵對內容進行編輯修改。課件說明學科特色公式由公式編輯器制作，可單擊鼠標右鍵對公式進行修改。顯示說明如您在使用過程中遇到公式不顯示或者字體亂碼的情況，可能是因為您的電腦缺少對應字體，請打開網(wǎng)頁下載。范疇三人與自然教材同步復習主題九災害防范Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatnaturaldisasterhaveyoueverheardoforexperienced?2．Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthetsunami(海嘯)?

自然災害 Ifyou'veeverswuminthepool,you'veprobablyenjoyedcreatingyourownwaves.Theharderyoupushwithyourhands,thebiggerthewaveswillbe. Whenagreatearthquakehappensundertheoceanfloor,theearthquake'slargeenergyistransferred(轉移)tothewateraboveit,creating①aseriesofwaterwavescalledatsunami.Theword②comesfromtheJapanesewordstsu(harbor)andnami(wave). Normaloceanwaveshaveanaveragewavelength(波長)ofabout100metersandanaverageheightofabout2meters,whileatsunamicanhaveawavelengthof193kilometersormore.Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.▲ Asatsunamiapproaches(接近)acoastline，things③begintochangegreatly.Asitapproachesshallow(淺的)waters,thewavespeeddropsbelowabout80kilometersperhour.Thewavelengthalsoreducesmuch,butamplitude—theheightofthewave—increasesgreatly,④leadingtothehugewallofwateralongcoastlines,which⑤causesgreatdamagetocoastalareas. About80%oftsunamishappeninthePacificOcean.Tsunamiscannotbestopped,butareasthatexperiencetsunamisregularlyhavedevelopedtsunamiwarningsystemstogiveasmuchwarningaspossibletopeoplewholivealongthecoastline.Forexample,therearetsunamiwarningsignsandwarningsirens(警報器)ontopofnearbyhillsalongJapanesecoastlines.AndmanyJapanesecoastalcommunitieshavebuilttsunamiwalls,floodgatesandotherstostoporchangethedirectionofwaterfromincomingtsunamis.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海嘯是如何形成以及海嘯帶來的強大危害，并介紹了人們是如何應對海嘯的。

根據(jù)文章內容完成下列各題1．WhydoesthewritermentionswimminginthepoolinParagraph1？()A．Tohelpreadersunderstandtsunamisbetter.B．Toshowhowpowerfulanearthquakeis.C．Toexplainhowwaterwavescomeintobeing.【解析】推理判斷題。由第一段內容可知，文章通過介紹“我”們游泳時產(chǎn)生的波浪讓人們更形象地理解海嘯。故選A。A2．

Whichsentencecanbeputin“▲“？()A．Tsunamisarealwaysnotaspowerfulasearthquakes.B．Sothereisnoneedtoworryaboutatsunami.C．Itmakesitalmostimpossibletobenoticed,evenforashipinthearea.【解析】句子還原題。由空格前一句“Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.”可知，空格處表示這樣人們就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)海嘯的到來。故選C。C3．

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

．()A．howtostudytsunamisB．wheretsunamisalwayshappenC．howtoreducethedamagescausedbytsunamis【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要介紹了一些應對海嘯的方法：報警器、建海嘯墻等，這些措施都是減少海嘯危害的措施。故選C。C

理清文章結構和內容，完成思維導圖undertheoceanfloordeepoceanslowerbiggerWaysTsunamiwarningsystemstsunamiwalls

好詞好句積累

在文中畫出下列詞組或句型，翻譯并仿寫與主題相關的句子。①aseriesof______________________________________________________仿寫：中國宣布了一系列措施來應對自然災害。_________________________________________________________________一系列Chinahasannouncedaseriesofmeasurestodealwithnaturaldisasters.②comefrom_____________________________________________________仿寫：人類也是動物。我們都來自大自然。_________________________________________________________________③begintodosth._________________________________________________

仿寫：隨著氣溫的升高，一些冰開始融化。_________________________________________________________________來自Humansarealsoanimals.Weallcomefromnature.開始做某事Asthetemperaturerises,someoftheicebeginstomelt.④leadto________________________________________________________

仿寫：自然災害都可能導致巨大的損失。_________________________________________________________________⑤causegreatdamageto___________________________________________仿寫：這次地震給人們的生活造成了巨大傷害。_________________________________________________________________導致Naturaldisastersallmayleadtohugeloss.給……造成巨大傷害Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetopeople'slives.第一部分完形填空

閱讀下面一篇短文，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。

自然災害 Ilookedatmywatch.Itwastentosix.Therewerejusttenminutesleftbeforewecouldleaveforhome.Suddenlytheearthbegantoshake.Innotimetheshakebecamevery

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.“Earthquake！”someoneshouted.I

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theotherstothedoorbutwecouldn'tgetout.Istayedunderadesk,coveringmyheadandneckwithmyarms.“Willsomeone

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meifthebuildingsfalldown?“Ikeptthinkingaboutthat.()1.A．tall B．far C．Strong【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tall“高的”；far“遠的”；strong“強烈的”。由“Earthquake！”可知，此處指震動變得強烈。故選C。()2.A．a(chǎn)llowed B．followed C．Waited【解析】考查動詞辨析。allow“允許”；follow“跟著”；wait“等待”。由“theotherstothedoor”可知，此處指跟著其他人到門口。故選B。()3.A．catch B．hold C．save【解析】考查動詞辨析。catch“及時趕上；抓住；接住”；hold“擁有；抓住”；save“救；救助”。由“ifthebuildingsfalldown”可知，此處指需要救助。故選C。CBC Severalminuteslater,theshakestopped.Weran

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tothestreet.Itwassucha(n)

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thatwecouldn'tbelieveoureyes—thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and

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wood.Moreandmorepeoplecameoutandmanywereinjured(受傷的).Lotsofthemdidnothingbutlookedupintotheskyinshock.()4.A．wisely B．quickly C．Quietly【解析】考查副詞辨析。wisely“明智地”；quickly“快速地”；quietly“安靜地”。由常識可知，在地震晃動停止后，應快速跑到街上。故選B。()5.A．mess B．a(chǎn)ccident C．Problem【解析】考查名詞辨析。mess“混亂”；accident“事故”；problem“問題”。由“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and6wood”可知，街上很亂。故選A。()6.A．burnt B．worn C．broken【解析】考查形容詞辨析。burnt“燒壞的”；worn“用壞的”；broken“破壞了的”。由and前并列成分“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)”可知，此處指被地震毀壞的樹。故選C。BAC The

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insuchasituationwasdifficult.Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.Soitwas

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tofindoutifourfriendswereokay.IhadnowayoflettingmyfamilyinChina

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thatIwasstillalive.Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.()7.A．communication B．discussion C．Education【解析】考查名詞辨析。communication“通訊，交流”；discussion“討論”；education“教育”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.”可知，電話不能用了，通訊很困難。故選A。()8.A．necessary B．impossible C．Important【解析】考查形容詞辨析。necessary“必需的”；impossible“不可能的”；important“重要的”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake”可知，電話不能用了，所以不可能知道朋友是否安全。故選B。()9.A．remember B．imagine C．know【解析】考查動詞辨析。remember“記得”；imagine“想象”；know“知道”。由“Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.”可知，是讓家人知道自己沒事。故選C。ABC Finally,Irealizedthatpeople's

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seemsosmallandfragile(脆弱的)whenwefacethenaturaldisaster.Soaslongaswearealive,weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.()10.A．futures B．choices C．lives【解析】考查名詞辨析。future“未來”；choice“選擇”；life“生命”。由后一句“Soaslongaswearealive，weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.”可知此處表示生命是脆弱的。故選C。C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在一次地震中的所見所感。第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下面一個語篇，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。A

(2022?南充改編)

人身安全與自我保護【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了介紹應對炎熱天氣的一些方法。11．Whichsituationisthemostdangerousaccordingtothematerial？()A．Anoldmaninapark.B．Adisabledwomaninahouse.C．Anoutsideworkerataconstructionplace.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由WHERE中內容及生活常識可知室外溫度是最高的，故“Constructionplaces”是最危險的地方。故選C。C12．

Whichonecanshowtherelationshipbetweentimeandthetemperatureinacar?()【解析】圖片理解題。由“OutsideTemperature27℃”中內容可知，選項C的變化圖與之相符。故選C。C13．

Whereisthematerialprobablyfrom?()A．Asafetynotice.B．Atravelguide.C．Aweatherreport.【解析】材料出處題。本文主要介紹應對炎熱天氣的一些方法，所以推測可能是一個安全通知。故選A。A14．

What'sthepurposeofthematerial?()A．Towarnpeoplenottostayinthecar.B．Toremindpeopletowearlightweightclothes.C．Toteachpeoplehowtopreventheat-relateddeaths.【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹應對炎熱天氣的一些方法，結合“Heat-relateddeathscanbeprevented.”可知，是教人們如何預防與高溫有關的死亡。故選C。CB

自然災害與防范措施 Seriousfloods(洪水)sweptsouthernprovincessuchasGuangdong,Guangxi,FujianandJiangxiinChinain2022.Morethanhundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavebeeninfluenced.Sowheninthefaceofaflashflood,whatshouldwedotokeepsafe? Beforeaflood

?Makeanemergencykit(應急包)includingwater,canned(罐裝的)food,aflashlightandafirst-aidkit.Keepitinaneasy-to-reachplace. Putyourvaluables(suchasmoney,gold…)inwaterproof(防水的)bagsandkeepthemsomewheresafe. Duringaflood Lookoutforfloodwarnings.

?Headtohighergroundandstaythere. Don'ttrytowalkordrivethroughfloodedareas,astheycanbedeeperthanyourealize. Leaveyourcarassoonaspossible. Afteraflood Don'treturnhomeatonce.Keepfollowingthelatestlocalnews.

?Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當山洪暴發(fā)時，我們應該做些什么來保證安全。15．YoucanseethefollowingthingsinanemergencykitEXCEPT

.()A．a(chǎn)book B．a(chǎn)flashlight C．a(chǎn)bottleofwater【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由Beforeaflood下面的“Makeanemergencykit(應急包)includingwater,canned(罐裝的)food,aflashlightandfirstQ000Qaidkit.”可知，應急包里面的物品包括水、罐裝食品、手電筒和急救箱，沒有書。故選A。A16．Whenafloodcomes,youshould

.()A．stayinyourcarandwaitforhelpB．takeallyourvaluablethingswithyouC．gotoahigherplacetostayawayfromdanger【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由Duringaflood下面的“Headtohighergroundandstaythere.”可知，當洪水到來時，應該往高處走，并待在那里。故選C。C17．Fromthepassageweknowthat

.()A．wecaneasilyseehowdeepthefloodedareasareB．weshouldprotectourselvesfromvirusesafterafloodC．weshouldgohomeasquicklyaswecanwhenafloodisover【解析】推理判斷題。由Afteraflood下面的“Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.”可知，病毒可以在洪水過后傳播，我們應該保護自己免受病毒侵襲。故選B。B18．

What'sthetexttypeofthereadingmaterial？()A．Anad. B．Aposter. C．Areport.【解析】材料出處題。由文章內容可知，本文是一個教育人們預防洪水的海報。故選B。BA．Atschool，weoftenhavepractice.B．Andusuallythereisalotofdamage.C．Thisisbecausetherearealotoftornadoes.D．That'swhythisareaiscalled“TornadoAlley”．E．Whenthewarningscome,peoplefollowtheirdisasterplans.F．Inordertostaysafeinnaturaldisasters,weshouldgetwellprepared.第二節(jié)閱讀下面一篇短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一個為多余選項。

(2022?陜西改編)

自然災害與防范措施 EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes,anaturaldisaster，fromTexasthroughOklahoma,Kansas,Nebraska,IowaandintoSouthDakota.19.______

【解析】由前句“EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes，anaturaldisaster,fromTexasthroughOklahoma，Kansas，Nebraska，IowaandintoSouthDakota.”可知，說的是龍卷風，結合選項，應說這就是為什么這個地區(qū)被稱為“龍卷風走廊”。故選D。D The“tornadoseason”isusuallyinspring,butthepeopleinTornadoAlleyarealwaysreadyforthemandtheyalwayslistentothenews.20.______Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.Athome,thebestplaceisthebasement—aroomthatisusedtostorethingsundertheleveloftheground.Ifthereisnobasement,aroomwithoutwindowslikethebathroomisalsoasafeplace.【解析】由后一句“Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.”可知，說的是說人們有他們的災難計劃。故選E。E “21.______Thenwecangetreadyandwon'tfeelafraidwhenthere'satornado，”saysTiffanyTaylor,ahighschoolstudentfromTexas.“There'snobasementatmyschool