用英語(yǔ)學(xué)法國(guó)歷史1FRenchAbsolutism課件

ABSOLUTEMONARCHS1CHAPTER

21Who

are

absolute

monarchs?2Kings

or

queens

who

heldallpower

within

their

states’boundariesThey

believed

god

created

themonarchy and

monarchs

wereGod’s

representative

on

earth(Divine

Right)Phillip

IISon

of

Charles

V

–rulerof

the

Holy

RomanEmpireBecame

ruler

of

Spain,Netherlands,

and

theSpanish

AmericancoloniesCreated

and

empire

thatcircled

theglobe3Phillip

IIDefender

ofCatholicism

againstMuslims

andProtestantsDefeated

Ottomansat

Battle

of

Lepanto(1571)Spanish

Armadadestroyed

byEngland

(1588)Spanish

empirenever

recovers4Louis

XIVBackgroundGrandfather

–Henry

IV

enactedthe

Edict

ofNantesCardinalRichelieu

helpedLouis’

dadestablish

controlofFrance5Louis’

BackgroundLouis

became

kingat4

years

old

when

hisfather

diedLouis

grew

hate

thenobility,

because

ofthe

riots

that

toreFrance

apart

duringhis

childhood6How Louis

XIV

was

anAbsolute

Ruler?7“L’ètat, e’est

moi”“I

am

the

state”Louis’

view

wasthathe

and

the

state

wereone

in

the

sameHe

became

the

mostpowerful

ruler

inFrench

history8Louis

attacks

theNobilityLouis

excluded

thenobility

from

theFrench

councilsHe

increasedthepowerofgovernment

agentscalled

intendantsThe

intendantscollected

taxes9Louis

is

devoted

to

makingFrancean

EconomicPower10Jean

Baptiste

Colbert

became

Louis’minister

of

financeHe

wanted

to

make

France

self-sufficientColbert

developed

the

theoryofmercantilism:Wanted

to

export

(send

goodsover

seas)

more

than

you

import(bring

goods

in

from

over

seas)Louis’

Disastrous

Wars11French

Military

CampaignsLouis

spent

his

$

onmilitary

campaigns

toexpand

FrenchboundariesThese

wars

almostbankrupted

the

countryCountries

learned

to

jointogether

to

defeatFrance12War

ofSpanishSuccessionThe

Spanish

kinglefthis

throne

to

LouisXIV

grandson

in1700Europe

was

outraged&

worried

about

thetwo

biggest

powersbeing

united

byblood13War

ofSpanishSuccessionThis

war

lasted13years

&

FrancelostLouis

lost

3

out

of4

sonsHis

grandson

willbecome

kingofSpainLouis

died

in171514Louis’

Legacy15When

Louis

died

in

1715,

people

cheered!Mixed

legacy:Positive: France

ranked

above

all

otherEuropean

nations

in

art

&

literature.

Alsoconsidered

the

military

leader

of

EuropeNegative: Constant

warfare

&theconstruction

of

the

Palace

of

VersaillesputFrance

into

staggering

debt. Plus

the

poorwere

burdened

by

high

taxesThe

Palace

of

Versailles16On

page

599,

explain

how

Louis

XIVcontrolled

the

nobility

in

the

Palace?Describe

the

most

beautiful

room

in

thepalace.How

many

acres

of

gardens

&

how

manyfountains

were

in

the

Palace?Why

do

you

think

Louis

XIV

believed

heneeded

such

a

large

&

luxurious

palace?17Louis

XIV

Review18List

4

ways

that

Louis

XIV

was

an

absolutist

ruler.ABCDWas

Louis’

plan

for

financing

the

country

a

good

plan

ornot?3.

Read

on

page

601

&

explain

who

was

the

big

winner

outof

the

War

of

Spanish

Succession

&

why.The

Thirty

Years’War19CausesFerdinand

II

-

Holy

Roman

Emperor

(Catholic)forced

some

Protestant

churches

to

close

inBohemia.Protestants

revolted

against

Ferdinand’s

policy.Ferdinand

sent

troops

to

punish

the

protestors.German

Protestant

princes

sent

troops

tohelpthe

protestors.The

Thirty

Years’War20Phase

1Ferdinand’s

army

(Catholics)

constantly

defeat

theProtestants.They

destroy

many

German

villages.Phase

2France

helps