白銀市2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》臨考沖刺試卷含解析

白銀市2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》臨考沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon'tcomewithaninstructionmanual(說(shuō)明書).Andeachchildis1.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration，not2whattodo.Butinraisingchildren，whatwedois3byourculture.Naturallythen，AmericanparentsteachtheirchildrenbasicAmerican4.ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildren5ontheirownfeet.From6，eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygetmore7tomaketheirownchoices.8choosetheirownformsofentertainment，aswellasthefriendsto9themwith.Whenthey10youngadulthood，theychoosetheirownjobsandmarriage11.Ofcourse，manyyoungadultsstill12theirparents’adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.Butoncethey“l(fā)eavethe13”ataround18to21yearsold，theywanttobeontheirown，not14totheirmothers'apronstrings(圍裙帶).TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparents15theirchildrenasindividuals—notasextensionsofthemselves.They16themtoachievetheirowndreams.Americanspraise,encourageandgivetheirchildrenthe17tosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults，theirparentsbecomesmorelike18.But19topopularbelief，mostadultAmericansdon'tmaketheirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheirparentscometo20them.Evenasadults，theyrespectandhonortheirparents.1、A．strangeB．newC．differentD．unlike2、A．noticingB．knowingC．rememberingD．deciding3、A．changedB．madeC．controlledD．influenced4、A．valuesB．standardsC．lawsD．services5、A．sitB．getC．standD．rise6、A．childhoodB．girlhoodC．boyhoodD．a(chǎn)dulthood7、A．moneyB．spaceC．timeD．freedom8、A．AdultsB．AmericansC．TeenagersD．Parents9、A．helpB．shareC．joinD．provide10、A．gainB．passC．becomeD．reach11、A．partnersB．wivesC．husbandsD．couples12、A．inviteB．seekC．tryD．choose13、A．nestB．houseC．roomD．place14、A．connectedB．tiedC．stuckD．held15、A．lookB．recognizeC．thinkD．view16、A．hopeB．suggestC．commandD．a(chǎn)llow17、A．powerB．trustC．confidenceD．energy18、A．friendsB．companionsC．membersD．companies19、A．knownB．contraryC．similarD．due20、A．noticeB．watchC．visitD．observeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Itisimportanttoprotectyourselffromharmfulrays.Butifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreenkeepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek’sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan’tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas–theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1.101whodidn’thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection–nosunscreen–seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit’snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon’tusesunscreenproperlyapplyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying–recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,usesunscreenandslaponahat.1、What’speople’scommonexpectationofhigh-factorsunscreen?A．Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.B．Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothadfair.C．Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.D．Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.2、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Sunscreencanpreventallkindsofskincancers.B．Thestudiesarebasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.C．Thestudiesmayhelppeopleselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.D．Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.3、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinordertoreducemelanomarates?A．Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.B．Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.C．Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.D．Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NoWaytoStopHarmfulRays!B．DoesSunscreenPreventSkinCancer?C．DidYouUseSunscreenIntheRightWay?D．SkinCancer-TheBiggestThreattoHumanBeings!Text2Somecolorspeopleseelateatnightcouldcausesignsofclinical(臨床的)depression(沮喪).Thatwasthefindingofastudythatbuildsonearlierstudyfindings.Theyshowthatindividuals(個(gè)人)wholiveorworkinlowlevelsoflightovernight(整夜)candevelopclinicaldepression.Doctorsusetheword“clinicaldepression”todescribesevereformofdepression.Signsmayincludelossofinterestorpleasureinmostactivities,lowenergylevelsandthoughtsofdeathorsuicide.Inthenewstudy,Americaninvestigatorsdesignedanexperimentthatexposedhamsters(倉(cāng)鼠)todifferentcolors.Theresearcherschosehamstersbecausetheyarenocturnal,whichmeanstheysleepduringthedayandareactiveatnight.Theanimalswereseparatedintofourgroups.Onegroupofhamsterswaskeptinthedarkduringtheirnight-timeperiod.Anothergroupwasplacedinfrontofabluelight,athirdgroupsleptinfrontofawhitelight,whileafourthwasputinfrontofaredlight.Afterfourweeks,theresearchersnotedhowmuchsugarywaterthehamstersdrank.Theyfoundthatthemostdepressedanimalsdranktheleastamountofwater.RandyNelsonheadstheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatOhioStateUniversity.Hesaysanimalsthatsleptinblueandwhitelightappearedtobethemostdepressed.“Whatwesawisthattheseanimalsdidn’tshowanysleepuneasiness(不安)atallbuttheydidmessupbiologicalclockgenesandtheydidshowdepressivesignwhileiftheywereinthedim(微弱)redlight,theydidnot.”RandyNelsonnotesthatphotosensitive(感光)cellsintheeyeshavelittletodowitheyesight.Hesaysthesecellssendsignalstotheareaofthebrainthatcontrolswhathasbeencalledthenaturalsleep-wakecycle.Hesaysthere’salotofblueinwhitelight.Thisexplainswhythebluelightandwhitelighthamstersappeartobemoredepressedthanthehamstersseeingredlightordarkness.1、Researchersusehamstersintheexperimentbecause__________.A．theyaresimilartohumansindealingwithcolorsB．theyareeasytoobserveandstudyC．theyaresensitivetocolorslikehumanbeingsD．theyareactiveatnightandsleepduringtheday2、Whatsignshowsthatthehamstersarebeingdepressed?A．Theydrinklesssugarywater.B．Theydon’tsleepwell.C．Theireyesightbecomesworse.D．Theirenergylevelbecomeslow.3、__________tendstocausehamsterstobedepressed.A．Dimlight B．RedlightC．Bluelight D．Darkness4、Whatcanhelppeoplewhoworklateatnighttoavoidbeingdepressed?A．Notbeingexposedtodimredlightwhenusingcomputers.B．Equippingtheircomputerscreenstoputitmoreinthereddishlight.C．Livingorworkinginlowlevelsoflightovernight.D．Goingtoseedoctorsofclinicaldepressionregularlyforhelp.Text3Chinaplanstolaunch156smallsatellitesby2025toprovideInternetservicesinlowsignalareasandplaceswithadversenaturalenvironment,accordingtoChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC).Duetoenvironmentalconditionsofdeserts,mountainsandseas,halfoftheworld'spopulationhasnoaccesstotheInternet,andtheinformationdeficiencyhamperslocaldevelopment.ItwillbeChina'sfirstbroadbandInternetaccesssystemwithsmallsatelliteshoveringinloworbit,whichwillalsohelpmeettheneedsofcommercialspacedevelopment.Theproject,namedHongyun,planstosendthefirstsatelliteby2012,andlaunchfourmoreby2020.Bytheendof2025,CASICplanstohaveallofthe156satellitesinoperation.TheHongyunProiect,whichfocusesoncommunication,remotesensingandnavigation,canoffercommunicationandInternetservicesforChinaandless-developed3countrieswithreducedlatency.Meanwhile,theprojectcanalsobenefitemergencycommunication,sensordatacollectionandremotecontrolofunmannedequipment.Currently,internationalmaritimesatellitesarewidelyusedincommunicationsinmountainousareasandairplanes,butthosesatellites,36,000kilometersabovetheEarth,havetimeandsignaldelayaswellashighcostforprovidingservices.ThesmallsatellitessentbytheHongyunProjectwillhoverinloworbitsonlyhundredsofkilometersto1,000kilometersabovetheEarth,andthuscouldimprovetheInternetaccess.However,theloworbitsatellitesmayfacechallengesinpowersupply,astheyneedmoreenergytoreducetheinfluenceofair-resistancecomparedtohighorbitsatellites.Experimentsareneededtodeterminewhethersolarenergyaloneisenough.1、Accordingtothepassage,________________.A．156satelliteswillbelaunchedbytheHongyunProjectby2020B．internationalmaritimesatellitescancausesignaldelayC．TheHongyunProjectmaynotencouragecommercialspacedevelopmentD．loworbitsatellitesarecurrentlyusedwidelyincommunicationsinmountainousareas2、Theunderlinedword“hampers”inParagraph2probablyrefersto________.A．a(chǎn)ccelerates B．determinesC．prevents D．promotes3、WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheHongyunProject?A．CommunicationandNavigation. B．Remotesensing.C．Datacollection. D．Solarenergy.4、Loworbitsatellitesneedmoreenergyinorderto________.A．providemoreaccuratedata B．improvetheInternetaccessC．reducetheeffectofair-resistance D．facemorechallengesText4I’dhavetosaythattheschemestoreducestaffabsenceandincreasepunctuality(準(zhǔn)時(shí))havebeenabigsuccess.We’veseenthatstaffattendancelevelshaveincreasedfrom88%to93%,andlevelsofpunctualityhaveincreasedfrom79%to91%,whichisfantastic.Andthenumberofdaysthatstaffhavetakenoffforsicknesshasdroppedfromanaverageofninedaysperyeartojustfive.Therehasalsobeenageneralincreaseinmotivationatwork,andwe’veseenoutputincreasebyatleast16%sincethistimelastyear.So,whathavewebeendoingtoimprovethings?Well,forastart,we’vebeenintroducingaschemesothatemployeesgetbonusesifcompanyproductiontargetsandsalesfiguresaremet.Andifthingscarryonastheyare,allemployeeswillhavereceivedabonusbytheendofnextmonth.We’vealsointroducedasystemwherebyemployeesandmanagementsetpersonaltargets.Then,theindividualemployeereceivesabonusifthesetargetsaremet.Andtohelpwithpunctuality,we’veinstalledanewsystemthatrecordsexactlywhattimepeoplearegettinginandleavingtheoffice.Thishashelpedimprovepunctualityratessubstantially.Anotherinitiativehasbeentheinstallationofagamesroomforemployeestouseduringmid-morningandlunchbreaks.We’vefoundthatit’sagreatwaytomotivatestaff,givingthemtimetorelax.Aspartofthis,we’veboughtapingpongtable,abasketballhoopandadartsboard.Andbynextweek,thetwotable-footballtablesthatweorderedlastmonthwillhavearrived.Sinceopeningthegamesroom,staffhavebeenusingitconstantly,especiallythebedsthatweboughttoallowstafftohaveashortnapduringtheday.Alongsimilarlines,we’vealsoorganizedanumberofteambuildingexcursions.1、WhydoestheauthorlistsomefiguresinParagraphOne?A．ToprovetheplansworkwellB．ToshowemployeestobemorepunctualC．TopresenttheproductiongrowsobviouslyD．Toprovetheincreaseofworkers’attendance2、Whathavetheydonetohelpwithpunctuality?A．They’vesetpersonaltargetsB．They’veweakeneddemandsonemployeesC．They’veintroducedaschemetogiveemployeesbonusesD．They’verecordedworkers’comingandleavingbyanewsystem3、Whathasbeenmostpopularinthegamesroom?A．ApingpongtableB．AdartsboardC．AbasketballhoopD．Anapbed4、Asreaders,whomaybenefitmostfromthisarticle?A．StudentsB．ManagersC．TeachersD．FarmersPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AlexanderGrahamBellwasaninfluentialscientist,engineerand1．(invent)HewasbornonMarch3,1847inEdinburgh,ScotlandHeiswidelycreditedwiththeinventionofthefirsttelephoneBell’smotherandwife2．(be)bothdeaf,whichhadaneffect3．hisworkWhenhewas23,BellandhisparentsmovedtoCanadaBellstudiedthehumanvoiceandworkedwithdifferentschoolsfor4．deafHeexperimentedwithsound,workingwithsound,workingwithequipmentusedtosenddifferent5．(message)andrecordsoundHeworkedonacoustictelegraphy(聲報(bào)機(jī))withanelectricaldesigner6．(name)ThomasWatsonOnFebruary14,1876,BellandElishaGray,anAmericanelectricalengineer,bothfiledpatents(申請(qǐng)專利)coveringthetransmission(傳送)ofsoundstelegraphicallyFinally,Bell7．(give)thepatentAfewdays8．(late),hesucceededin9．(get)histelephonetoworkBellimprovedthedesignandby1886morethan150,000peopleownedtelephonesintheUnitedStatesHeoncesaid,“Thedaywillcomewhenthemanatthetelephonewillbeabletoseethedistantpersonto10．heisspeaking”JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhis1．(twenty)FirstheworkedatlocalstationsinNebraskaSeveralyears2．(late),hemovedtoLosAngeles,CaliforniaItwas“TheTonightShow”3．madeJohnnyCarsonfamousforthirtyyearsHebecame4．mostpopularstarofAmericantelevisionHe5．(call)“thekingoflatenight”Critics(評(píng)論家)saidAmericansfromallpartsofthecountrylikedhimand6．(feel)theyknewhimHedidnottakehisfame7．(serious)Carson’sspecialskillwashissenseofhumorAudienceslaughedathisjokes8．hemadeatthebeginningofhisshowHowever,sometimestheylaughedeven9．(hard)atthejokesthatfailedHewasthemostpowerfulperformerontelevisionManycomediansandsingersbecamesuccessfulafter10．(appear)on“TheTonightShow”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Commonpublicspeakingproblems1.Theuseof“Ifeel”,“Ithink”and“maybe”Inthequestion-and–answersessionofthespeakingcompetition,manycontestantsbegantheiranswerswithuncertainexpressionslike“Ifeel”,“Ihear”,“maybe”and“perhaps”.Thesewordsshowthatthepersonisonlyspeakingfromhisorherpointofview.1、Workonkeepingyouranswersbriefandtothepoint.Alsoworkondeliveringthemwithcalmnessandconfidence.Insteadoftheempty-sounding“Iguess”,usingfacts,togetherwithaclearconclusionbasedonthosefacts,isfarmorelikelytobepopularwithanaudience.2.2、Don'tsticktothesametone.Itcanbeboring.Trytomixitup.Forexample,whentheyspokeabouttheirdreams,somesoundedromantic.Othersusedhumor.Veryfewusedseveraldifferentstylestighter.3、,ratherthanjuststickingwiththesameone.3.Irresponsibleanswers4、

.you'reresponsibleforyourwords.Eventhoughyouwanttoanswerquickly,youdon'twanttosoundfoolish.Soyoushouldthinktwicebeforeyoutalk.Don'tbelikethestudentwho,whenaskedabouthisopiniononbookpiracy(盜版),startedbysayinghesupportedit.4.TalkingaroundthetopicratherthandirectlyansweringitYoushouldfocusononepointandgiveaclearsolution.5、.isitaskingyoutodiscussacertaintopicortopresentyourownpointofview?Useoneortwoargumentstogetherandgiveastrongconclusion.Rememberthatjudgesarenotjudgingyouonwhethertheyagree,butonyourabilitytosaywhatyouthinkclearly.A．Trymixingmorethanonestyle.B．Improvingyourcommunicationskill.C．UsingonlyonespeakingstyleD．It'simportanttoinvolveyouraudience.E.Publicspeakingisdifferentfrompersonalconversations.F.ThekeyistoworkoutwhatquestionisbeingaskedG.Tothejudgesandaudience,thislacksthesupportoffactsandseemsnottobereliable.Runnersneedtomove15percentfasteronatreadmill（跑步機(jī)）toburnthesamenumberofcaloriesasjoggingoutdoors,researchreveals.Researchersfoundrunningontreadmillssignificantlyreducestheamountofoxygenjoggersuse.1、Theexperimentprocedure.ResearchersfromMilanUniversityanalysedthedifferencebetweenrunningoutdoorsandonatreadmillin15physicallyfitmaleswithanaverageageof21.2、.Anditwasfollowedby30secondsofrecoveryforatotalof15