世界各國(guó)文化歷史介紹-Portugal Facts and Information PowerPoint

WhereIsPortugal?PortugalisthewesternmostsovereigncountryofEurope.Tothenorthandeast,itsharesitsonlyborderwithSpain.Together,SpainandPortugalformthelargestpartofanareaofEuropeknownastheIberianPeninsula,whichextendsoutfromthewestofmainlandEurope.Portugal’scoastmeetstheAtlanticOceantothewestandthesouth.PortugalFactsaboutPortugalPortugalisofficiallycalledthePortugueseRepublic.ThecapitalcityofPortugalisLisbon,whichliesonitswestcoastandisanimportantport.TheofficiallanguagespokenisPortuguese,thoughthishasmanydifferentdialects(adifferentformofthelanguagespecifictoaregion)acrossthecountry.Portugalhasapopulationofapproximately10,300,000.Aswellasthelandonthecontinent,thereisalsoPortugueseterritoryintheAtlanticOcean

–theAzoresandMadeiraarearchipelagos

(agroupofislands)withtheirowngovernments.Portugalisapopularholidaydestinationthankstoitsclimateandcoast.ThePortugueseFlagTheflagofPortugalconsistsoftwomaincolours:redandgreen.ThePortugueseNationalCoatofArmsispositionedacrosstheboundaryofthetwocolours.Thedesignofthisflagwasestablishedin1911,justafterPortugalfirstbecamearepublicItisdividedvertically(butnotevenly)intotwoparts:asmallgreenportiononthesideofthehoist(nearesttheflagpole)andalargeredsectionontheflyside(furthestawayfromtheflagpole).ThefoundationsofthePortugueselanguagebeganthousandsofyearsago,whenthiswesterncornerofEuropewasfirstsettledbytheCelticandothercivilisations.Intheperiodsthatfollowed,thereweremanyinvasionsoftheterritory,whichbroughtinfluencesthatcontinuedtobuildthelanguagenowknownasPortuguese.TheseincludedArabic,GalicianandGreek.SpeakingPortugueseByfar,thegreatestinfluenceinPortugueseisLatin,whichwasfirstbroughtintotheregionbytheRomansaround220BCandwaslaterreintroducedduringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury.Today,Portugueseisspokenbyimmigrantcommunitiesincountriesallovertheworld,includingFrance,Canada,JapanandUSA.ItistheofficialandnativelanguageofthemajorityofpeopleinPortugalandalsoBrazil,whilemanyothercountrieshavedeclaredPortugueseasanofficiallanguage:Angola,Mozambique,EquatorialGuinea,Guinea-Bissau,CapeVerde,EastTimorandS?oToméandPrìncipe.TheimportantfoundationofthemajorityofMediterraneancooking,oliveoil,alsofeatureshighlyinmostPortugueserecipes!PortugueseFoodThoughonlyhavinganAtlanticcoastline,PortugalisalsoheavilyinfluencedbytheMediterraneandiet,favouringfreshseafood,curedmeatsandvegetables.ThePortugueseespeciallyenjoyaddingflavourtotheirdishesandusearangeofherbsandspicestodothis.LunchisprobablythemostsignificantmealofthedayandthemealtimethePortuguesetakethemosttimetosavour.Servedbetweennoonand2.30pm,lunchcanbesomethingofafeast,oftenwithatleastthreecourses.Asmallcontinentalstylebreakfastiscommonwhiledinner,eatenquitelateintheevening(sometimesafter8.00pm),canbeasmuchofabanquetaslunch,withseveralcourses,oftenincludingthewell-knownPortuguesesoup:CaldoVerde.WithmanyfishingportsandsuchalongAtlanticcoastline,fishandseafoodfeaturesstronglyinthePortuguesediet.CodisastapleofthePortuguesediet.

Itisusuallyboughtdriedandsalted(bacalhauinPortuguese)because,inPortugal’spast,therewasnowayofpreservingfood(refrigerationhadnotbeeninvented),sotheonlywaytomaintainitsfreshnesswastocureit(dryitandcoveritinsalt).AwholerangeofotherfishandseafoodisalsopopularinPortuguesecuisinetoday,includingsquid,prawns,mussels,seabassandhake.GrilledsardinesarecommonlycookedduringPortugal’ssummer‘Festas’(festivalswhenpatronsaintsarecelebratedacrossthecountry).Cookedonagrillorbarbecuewithnothingmorethanoliveoilandlemon,theserepresentthetasteofthesummerinPortugal.PortugueseFood:FishandSeafoodThePortugueseusearangeofherbsandspicesintheircookingtoaddflavour,mostnotablycoriander,parsley,mintandpaprika.PortugueseFood:Herbs,Spices,MarinadesMarinadesareregularlyusedtoaddflavourtodishes.Piripiri,whichismadefromthebird’s-eyechilli,originatedwhenPortuguesecolonistsinAfricadiscoveredthenowwell-knownplant,labelledthechillipeppersitproduced‘PiriPiri’(whichisPortuguesefor‘PepperPepper’)andusedittocreatethenowworldfamousmarinade.GarlicalsofeaturesinmanyPortuguesedishes,suchasthisbread-basedsoupdishcalledA?orda,whichreliesonthegarlicbulbformostofitsflavour.Thebird’s-eye

chilliplantItisoftenservedaloneasasupperorasafirstcourseatlunchordinnerbutitismostpopularasacelebratoryfoodduringPortuguesefestivals(festas)andatweddingsorbirthdaycelebrations.Probablythebest-knownsoupinPortuguesecuisine,CaldoVerde(GreenSoup)ismadefrompotatoes;leafy,greenvegetables;oliveoilandsalt.Sometimesmeatsandsausagescanbeaddedbutthisdependsontheregioninwhichthesoupiscooked.ThoughitsoriginalrecipecamefromnorthernPortugal,itisnowwidelycookedandeatenacrossPortugalandinpartsoftheworldwherePortugueseimmigrantshavesettled.PortugueseFood:CaldoVerdeCaldoVerde,agreensoup,withpepperoniadded.Bacalhaucanbecookedandservedinmanydifferentways;thePortugueseoftenjokethereisarecipeforeverydayofthe365dayseachyear!Bacalhauisoftenservedwithpotatoesandgreenvegetablesbutastherearesomanyrecipes,whynottryresearchingsomeofyourown?Bacalhau(driedandsaltedcod)isastaplefoodinthePortuguesediet.DespiteneighbouringtheAtlanticocean,mostofPortugal’scodhasalwayscomefromNorway,IcelandorNewfoundland.Becauseofthedistanceithadtotravel,beforetheinventionofrefrigeration,freshcodhadtobepreservedthroughtheancientprocessofdryingandsaltingit.Thistraditionisstillusedtoday,somostofthecodconsumedinPortugalisdriedandsalted.PortugueseFood:BacalhauThePortugueseeducationsystemiscompulsoryforallchildrenfromtheageofsixthroughto18.Itisstatefunded(freetoattend)anddividedupintosixstages:PortugueseEducationJustlikeintheUK,eachschoolyearstartsinSeptemberbutPortuguesepupilshavealongerbreakinthesummerastheschoolyearfinishesthereinJune.Theyhavethreeholidaybreaksduringtheyear:Christmas,CarnivalandEaster;theydonotgetanyhalf-termholidays.TheschooldaytendstobealotlongerthanintheUK.Itisquitecommontostartschoolat9.00a.m.andnotfinishuntilatleast4.45p.m.,thoughusuallyafter3.30p.m.extra-curricularsubjects,suchasart,musicandswimming,aretaughtasthesearenotpartofthestandardcurriculum.Nursery(ages0-2)Kindergarten(ages3-5)BasicEducation:1stcycle–Years1–4(ages6–9)BasicEducation:2ndcycle–Years5–6(ages10–11)BasicEducation:3rdcycle–Years7–9(ages12–14)SecondaryEducation:Years10–12(ages15–18)PortugueseCultureArchitectureSportReligionFestivalsTourismManyPortuguesebuildingsdatefromthe16thcenturyanddemonstratetheManueline(lategothic)styleofarchitecture.TowerofBélemDatingbacktothe16thcentury,theTowerofBélemwasconstructedasadefencetowerattheestuaryoftheriverTagus.Thetowerreaches30metresatitshighestpointandhasfourstoreys.Today,thebuildingcanbevisitedasatouristattractionandisaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.PortugueseArchitectureJerónimosMonastery

JéronimosMonasteryhasalsobeengiventhestatusofUNESCOWorldHeritage.Thebuildingtook100yearstoconstruct,mainlyduetoitsmeticulous,ornatedesign.Withtwomainentrances,oneofwhich–thesouthportal–towersaboveotherpartsofthebuildingat32metreshigh,themonasteryhastallpinnaclesandcarvedfigures,includingarepresentationofthebirthofChrist.backPortugueseSportFootballFootballisarguablythemostpopularPortuguesesport.WithaEuropeanChampionshipwinin2016,thenationalfootballteam(Sele??oNacional)raisedtheprofileofthecountryanddemonstratedhowsignificantthesportisinPortugal.SignificantplayersofpastandpresentincludeEusébio,LuisFigoandCristianoRonaldo,whileJoséMourinhostandsoutasonePortugal’sbest-knownmanagers.OlympicGamesPortugalwonitsfirstOlympicmedalin1924andhasachieved24medalsintotal,fourofwhichhavebeengoldandwereattainedinathletics.JogodoPauSometimeduringthe19thcentury,anareaofnorthernPortugaldevelopeditsownmartialart,JogodoPau,inwhichastick,orstaff,isusedtodefendoneself.ThisartcannowadaysonlybewitnessedinsomeareasofPortugal,aswellasintheAzoresandMadeira.backPortugal:ReligionPortugaldoesnotdeclareitselftohaveanyofficialreligion.However,thereisonereligionthatpredominateswheneveracensusiscompleted.Christianity:CatholicismLikemanyofitsEuropeanneighbours,PortugalhasahighproportionofpeopledeclaringthemselvesCatholic.Infact,initsmostrecentcensus,over80%statedtheywereCatholic.Thepercentageofpeoplewhoattendmassregularlyislikelytobemuchless.However,practicecanvarygreatlydependingontheregion.OtherReligionsThankstoimmigration,otherreligionshavestartedtoemergeinPortugalsincethelate20thcentury,includingHinduism,Islam,Bahá'í,JudaismandBuddhism.backPortugueseFestivals–Festa!ThePortuguesecelebrateanumberof‘Festa’(festivals)throughouttheyear,manyofwhichrevolvearoundaholycelebrationorpatronsaint(mostPortuguesetownshaveone).SemanaSantaWithCatholicismbeingthepredominantreligionacrossPortugal,EasterHolyWeekiswidelyacknowledgedandcelebrated,startingonPalmSundayandculminatinginEasterSunday.ThecityofBragastandsoutforitsfamousprocessionsandrecreationsofChrist’sfinaldays.OneofBraga’sHolyWeekprocessionsFestadeSantosAlmosteveryPortuguesetownandcitycelebratesapatronsaint,oftensometimeinJunetowelcomeinthesummer.Th