英語演講稿寫作及格式范本

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具體要求:

a.

簡要說明研究背景(background)

b.

簡要介紹總的發(fā)現(xiàn)(generalfindings)

c.

介紹具體要點(introductionofpoints)

d.

與現(xiàn)有發(fā)現(xiàn)(若有)進行比較(comparisoninthecontextofotherstu

dies)

e.

意義(suggestedmeaning)

f.

結論(conclusion)

g.

前瞻研究(futurestudies)

結論往往是論文中最長也是最難寫的部分,主要原因是作者要對研究結果和發(fā)現(xiàn)進

行分析、推斷、演繹和推理,要求作者具有很強邏輯思維能力和英語文字組織能力

。此外,這部分時態(tài)比較復雜,要分清實驗過程和結果(過去時)與分析意見(確

定:現(xiàn)在時不確定或假設:過去時)的區(qū)別他人研究結果(過去時或現(xiàn)在完成

時)與本研究結果(過去時)的區(qū)別普遍適用的結論(現(xiàn)在時)與只適用本研究

的結論(過去時)的其別等。因此,對于however,may,might,could,would,

possibly,probably,belikelyto等詞(組)的使用以及webelieve(think

/consider)that,toourknowledge,inourexperience(practice)等插入

語的使用就顯得格外重要。

示例:

parenteralnutritionisbeingusedwithincreasingfrequencyasaprima

rysourceofcaloricsupportinadultandpediatricpatientswithgastr

ointestinalproblems.numerouscomplicationshavebeenassociatedwith

theadministrationoftpn,includingasignificantlyincreasedincidenc

eofgallbladderdisease[3-5,7].thedataheresuggestthatcholecyste

ctomyisoftenrequiredforthemanagementofsymptomaticgallbladderd

iseaseinthisgroupofpatients,andisassociatedwithsignificantri

sks.[說明研究背景,包括意義]

ofthe35patientswhorequiredcholecystectomyfortpn-inducedgallbla

dderdisease,operativemorbidityandmortalitywere54percentand11

percent,respectively.maingot[8]hasstatedthatcholecystectomy“is

oneofthesimplestandsafestoftheabdominaloperations,andisass

ociatedwithalowoperativemortalityrate(about0.5percent).arevi

ewofthepediatricliteraturesuggeststhatwhencholecystectomyispe

rformedinchildren,theoperativemorbidityislessthan10percent,a

ndthemortalityislessthan1percent.[8,9]glenn[11]hasreported

amortalityrateoflessthan0.1percentinover5,000patientsunder

theageof50yearswhounderwentcholecystectomy.themorbidityandmo

rtalityobservedinourgroupofreceivinglong-termtpn,therefore,we

refarinexcessofwhatwouldbeexpectedforapopulationofpatients

whosemeanagewas29years.[提出本研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)并將其與其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相

比較]

ourdatasuggestthatarespecificfactorsuniquetopatientswhorequi

relong-termtpnthatcontributetotheincreasedmortalityandmorbidi

tyassociatedwithcholecystectomyinthisselectgroup.[以下,作者用較

大篇幅分析了這類病人死亡率和并發(fā)癥增高的臨床、實驗室和手術等方面的原因,

原文從略]

basedontheresultsofourstudies,webelievethatearlycholecystect

omyisindicatedinpatientswithtpn-inducedgallbladderdisease.obvi

ously,allpatientswithsymptomaticdiseaseshouldundergocholecystec

tomyunlesstherespecificmedicalcontraindications.theseoperations

shouldbeperformedinatimely,electivefashionbecausedelaymayres

ultintheneedforurgentsurgeryandthereby,increaseanalreadyhig

hrisk.althoughrecentstudieshavesuggestedthatcholecystectomymay

notbewarrantedinotherwisehealthypatientswithasymptomaticgallb

ladderdisease[20],webelievethatthisaxiomdoesnotapplytopatie

ntswithtpn-inducedgallbladderdisease.outdatasuggestthatthenat

uralhistoryofgallbladderdiseaseinpatientsreceivingtpnisconsid

erablydifferentfromthatoftheircounterpartsnotreceivingtpn.bas

edonourfindings,werecommendelectivecholecystectomyinpatientsr

eceivingtpnwhengallstonesfirstappear.furthermore,cholecystectomy

shouldbeconsidered,especiallyinchildrenwithoutstoneswhoareun

dergoinglaparotomyforotherreasons.[從對結果的分析及與其他研究的比較

得出結論性意見,這是討論部分最重要的內容]whethertpn-inducedgallston

escanbepreventedthroughdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawait

stheresultsoffurtherstudies