江蘇專(zhuān)版2023-2024學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit1Lightscameraaction!素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練一牛津譯林版必修第二冊(cè)

素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解AJoeClarkwasanon-traditionalhighschoolprincipal,whoseunusualwayofcarryingoutrulesbecamethesubjectofa1989Hollywoodmovie.HegainednationalattentionforhisleadershipatEastsideHighSchoolinPaterson,NewJersey.“Youarenotinferior.”iswhatClarkwouldoftentellhisstudents,manyofwhomwereAfricanAmericanorLatino.Theygrewupinadifficultenvironmentandfacedviolence,drugsandtroubledfamilylifewhichcouldpreventthemfromsucceedinginschoolandinlife.Beforebecominganeducator,ClarkservedintheU.S.AmyReserve.Hisexperiencemighthaveinfluencedhowheranhisschool.Hewasknowntowalkaroundwithabullhornandabaseballbat.InClark'sfirstdaysofworking,heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules.Thestudentswhoremainedatschoolbelievedthathigherexpectationswerebeingplacedonthem.Theyfeltmorepressuretoperformbetter.Somepraisedhiseffortsatdisciplinewhileotherscriticizedhismethods.PresidentRonaldReaganofferedClarkaWhiteHousepolicyadviserpositionafterhissuccessatthehighschool.In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.In1989,actorMorganFreemanplayedClarkinthemovieLeanonMe.ThatmoviewasbasedonClark'sexperiencesatEastside.“Joewasafatherfiguretoschoolkids,”Freemansaid.“Hewasthebestofthebestintermsofeducation.”Recently,oneofJoeClark'sformerstudents,ThomasMcEntyresaid,“Ineverreallygotachanceto...thankhim.Weareyourproduct.Youdidnotfailus.Nomatterwhetheryoukickedmeout,youdidnotfailme.Youbetteredme.”AfterheretiredfromEastsidein1989,Clarkwroteabookcalled“LayingDowntheLaw:JoeClark'sStrategyforSavingOurSchools.”HedescribedhowhemanagedtoturnEastsideHighfromafailingschoolintoasuccess.1.WhatdidJoeClarkmeanbysaying“Youarenotinferior”tohisstudents?A.Tomakethestudentsfacethereality.B.Toleadthestudentstoacceptthemselves.C.Topressthestudentsnottomakemistakes.D.Toencouragethestudentstobetterthemselves.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expelled”inParagraph3mean?A.Drewout. B.Kickedout. C.Broughtout. D.Smoothedout.3.WhocriticizedJoeClark?A.Thepresident. B.Oneteacher.C.MorganFreeman. D.ThomasMcEntyre.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJoeClark?A.Toughandunique. B.Demandingandhumorous.C.Kindandconsiderate. D.Well-meaningandprofessional.BFromclassicbookslikeAWrinkleinTimetoclassicmovieslikeBacktotheFuture,childrenandadultsbothhavebeenfascinatedbytheconceptoftimetravelforhundredsofyears.Butisitevenpossible?Timetravelsoundssimple:youjustmovebackandforthbetweendifferentpointsintimelikeyouwouldbetweendifferentpointsinspace.Youcouldjumpforwardintothefuture,oryoucanjumpbacktosometimeinthepast.Exactlyhowwouldthisbedone?Mostartisticworksthatfeaturetimetravelfinishitwiththehelpofaspecialdeviceusuallycalledatimemachine.Thetimemachinefeatureswhatevertechnologyhasbeendevelopedtotransportpeoplesuccessfullytootherpointsintime.Butcouldtimetravelreallyhappen?SomescientistsbelievethatpartsofAlbertEinstein'stheoriesofspecialandgeneralrelativitymightallowforthepossibilityoftimetravel.Thesetheoriesarecomplexandveryhardtounderstand.Theyinvolveunusualastronomicalthingslikeblackholesandwormholes.Travelingfasterthanthespeedoflightmightalsoberequired.Itcanbefun,though,tothinkaboutwhatproblemsmightbepresentedbytimetravel.Itmaycreateanabsurdsituation.Forexample,let'ssaythatyoutravelbackintimetothedayyourparentsmet.Whatifyourshowinguponthedayyourparentsmetcausedaripple（連鎖反應(yīng)）intimethatledtothemnotmeeting?Iftheyhadnevermet,youwouldneverhavebeenborn.Ifyouhadneverbeenborn,howcouldyoueverexisttotravelbackintimetocausetheproblemyoujustcaused?Thoughitmaysoundconfusing,wehopethatanyscientistwhoevermanagestomaketimetravelpossibleworksouttheseproblemsinadvance.5.WhatkindoffilmisBacktotheFuturemostlikelytobe?A.Anactionfilm. B.Asciencefictionfilm.C.Ahistoricalfilm. D.Aromanticfilm.6.WhatdoestheauthormainlydoinParagraph2?A.Addatopic. B.Giveanexample.C.Explainaconcept. D.Makeaconclusion.7.Whatissomescientists'judgmentonthepossibilityoftimetravelbasedon?A.Previoussimilarcases. B.Detailedscientificreport.C.Somescientifictheories. D.Advancedspacetechnology.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimetravel?A.Itwillcertainlycometrueoneday.B.Itisapossibleandabsurdidea.C.Itwillchangesomehistoricalevents.D.Itmaycauseconfusionwithtimeandspace.Ⅱ.七選五WhyOlderPeopleShrinkWhenwesayolderpeopleshrink,wedon'tmeantheybecometinyenoughtofitinyourpocket.Wejustmeanthatit'scommonforolderpeopletobecomealittleshorterovertime.1Ittakesplaceoveryearsandmayadduptoonlyaninchorsooffoftheiradultheight.Thiskindofshrinkingcan'tbereversed（逆轉(zhuǎn)）,althoughpeoplecansloworstopthisprocess.Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenonearth?Onereasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）.Osteoporosisoccurswhentheboneisbrokendownandnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.2Bonesbecomesmallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithosteoporosisisinjured.Doyouwanttodosomethingrightnowtobuildstrongbones?Takethesetwosteps.They'resmartideasforkidsandadults.3Foodsrichintheimportantbone-buildingmineralcalcium（鈣）—includingmilk,tofu,cheese,greenleafyvegetablesanddrinksthatarefortifiedwithcalciumlikesomekindsoforangejuice—aregoodchoices.Exerciseregularly.4Doyouknowthateverydayyoushrinkalittle,too?Youaren'tastallattheendofthedayasyouareatthebeginning.That'sbecauseasthedaygoeson,waterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed（被壓縮）duetogravity（重力）,makingyoujustatinybitshorter.5Onceyougetagoodnight'srest,yourbodyrecovers,andthenextmorning,you'restandingtallagain!A.Don'tworry,though.B.Eatawell-balanceddiet.C.Itisn'tdramaticorsudden.D.Smokingmakestheproblemworse.E.Doingso,overtime,helpsbonesstaystrong.F.Peopleshouldbemorecarefulastheyaregettingolder.G.Overtime,theboneissaidtobelostbecauseit'snotbeingreplaced.Ⅲ.完形填空ThemiddleofMayisoneofmyfavoritetimesoftheyearhereinthemountains.Thetreesareallfulloflightgreenleaves.The1soundofbirdsongsmixestogetherwiththelaughterofchildrenplayingoutside.Thereisone2partaboutit,however.TherecomesapointwhereIhavetomow（修剪）myyardand3mybuttercups.IalwaysmowaroundthelittleyellowflowersthefirstfewtimesIcutmygrass,but4,theygetafoothighandIhavetomowthemtoo.IapologizetothemwhenImowthemdown,butIam5toseethateachSpringthereareevenmoreofthem.It6withjustafewbuttercupsinmyyardhereandtherebutnowtheentirefrontpartofitis7withthem.Eachyeartheir8scatter（四散）andtheymultiply（大量繁殖）moreandmore,makingthenextSpringmore9thanthelast.Ourlivesarealotlikethese10aswell.Ioftenencouragepeopletofreely11theirlovetotheworld,butthe12isthatitisn'tjustaddition.Itismultiplication（倍增）.Eachsmileyousharebringsoutthe13ofothers.Ourlivesarelikebuttercupsscatteringseedsof14andbeautyandmakingthisworlda15place.1.A.annoying B.loud C.sharp D.sweet2.A.important B.happy C.sad D.strange3.A.pickup B.bringup C.carryaway D.cutdown4.A.moreorless B.atsomepoint C.asusual D.atatime5.A.disappointed B.confused C.encouraged D.eager6.A.happened B.started C.developed D.showed7.A.supplied B.equipped C.caught D.filled8.A.seeds B.leaves C.soils D.insects9.A.beautiful B.peaceful C.different D.crowded10.A.flowers B.trees C.people D.fruits11.A.introduce B.lend C.add D.return12.A.problem B.purpose C.challenge D.truth13.A.doubts B.smiles C.dreams D.hugs14.A.luck B.patience C.love D.wisdom15.A.better B.simpler C.safer D.cleanerⅣ.語(yǔ)法填空BeijingOperahas1.historyofover200years.Inthe55thyearofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,fourbigoperagroups2.AnhuiProvinceenteredthecapital,joiningotheroperastogether3.（create）whatwenowknowasBeijingOpera.Overaperiodofmorethanhalfacenturyofcombinationofdifferentkindsofoperasthere4.（appear）presentBeijingOpera.ItisthemostimportantofalltraditionalChineseoperas,andithasarich5.（collect）ofworksandalargenumberoffamousartists6.giveitagreatinfluenceinChina.Thetraditionalplayssharealargerolein7.（protect）Chineseculturefornewgenerations.SinceMeiLanfang,thegreatmasterofBeijingOpera,visitedJapanin1919,BeijingOpera8.（become）moreandmorepopularwithpeopleallovertheworld.Ithasmadeanexcellentcontributiontothe9.（culture）exchangebetweenChinaandtheWest.Nowadays,youcan10.（frequent）findtravellinggroupsofBeijingOperaperformersinmanyforeigncitiesandlocalChinatowns.素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解1.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可推知，通過(guò)說(shuō)“你并不比其他的學(xué)生差”，JoeClark鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生提高自己。2.B[解析]詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后breakingschoolrules可知，這300名學(xué)生違反校規(guī)，應(yīng)是受到了某種懲罰。結(jié)合下文中Thestudentswhoremainedatschool可推知，那300名學(xué)生應(yīng)該是被開(kāi)除了。3.B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“In1988,oneteacher,saidhismethodsweremorelikebeinginalaborcampthanapublichighschool.”可知，一位老師批評(píng)了JoeClark。4.A[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“...unusualwayofcarryingoutrules...”以及第三段中“...heexpelled300studentsforbreakingschoolrules...”可推知，JoeClark強(qiáng)硬且獨(dú)特?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了一位非傳統(tǒng)的高中校長(zhǎng)JoeClark是如何教育學(xué)生的，以及他的教育特點(diǎn)。5.B[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，無(wú)論是書(shū)籍《時(shí)間的皺紋》，還是電影《回到未來(lái)》內(nèi)容都與時(shí)間旅行有關(guān)，這一類(lèi)的書(shū)籍或者電影屬于科幻類(lèi)。6.C[解析]主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段可知，本段是對(duì)時(shí)間旅行這個(gè)概念的解釋。7.C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦的狹義相對(duì)論和廣義相對(duì)論為時(shí)間旅行提供了理論支持。故選C項(xiàng)。8.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“...maycreateanabsurdsituation.Forexample...howcouldyoueverexisttotravelbackintimetocausetheproblemyoujustcaused...”可推知，作者認(rèn)為時(shí)間旅行可能會(huì)造成時(shí)間和空間的混亂。故選D項(xiàng)。【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了時(shí)光穿越，并探討了這種概念的可能性和本身存在的問(wèn)題，并期待著時(shí)間穿越本身的問(wèn)題能得到解決。Ⅱ.七選五1.C[解析]下文提到老年人變矮是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程，需要幾年的時(shí)間。因此，C項(xiàng)（它不是急劇或突然發(fā)生的）與下文語(yǔ)意一致。2.G[解析]上下文講的都是人體的骨骼發(fā)生的變化，因此G項(xiàng)（隨著時(shí)間的推移，由于沒(méi)有更新補(bǔ)充，骨量會(huì)流失）符合語(yǔ)境。3.B[解析]根據(jù)下文可知，該段講的是通過(guò)合理飲食來(lái)令骨骼更強(qiáng)壯的方法。因此，B項(xiàng)符合題意。4