高考閱讀理解D篇集訓（80篇+）

高考閱讀理解D篇集訓（一）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在題卡上將該項涂黑。P001InJune2014,aWashingtoncouplehadasonwiththehelpoffertilityclinicprocedures(人工受精).Theboywasbornhealthy,butstrangely,hisbloodtypedidn’tmatchthatofhisparents.Anat-homepaternitytestsuggestedanexplanation:Thehusbandwasn’tactuallythefatherofthechild.Theparentswereprettyupset.Theythoughttheclinichadusedthewrongsperm(精子).Theparentshiredalawyerandsoughtamoreprecisepaternitytestfromacreditedlab.Justliketheat-hometest,thenewanalysisreliedonskincellsfromacheekswabtocheckthefather’sgenesagainstthechild’s.Again,thetestcamebacknegativeforpaternity.Concernedthatthefertilityclinichadmadeamistake,theWashingtoncoupleapproachedthemwiththeresultsofthepaternitytest.Butthefertilityclinicsaidthatthe34-year-oldfatherwastheonlywhitemantodonatespermatthefacilityonthedaytheirsonwasconceived,andthechildlookedwhite.ThatwaswhenthecoupleapproachedBarryStarr,ageneticistatStanfordUniversity,whosuggestedtheytestthefatherandsonwithadirect-to-consumergeneticancestrytest.Weirdly,theirresultssaidthatthemanwashisson’suncle.However,themanwastheonlyboyinhisfamily.“Thatwaskindofaeurekamoment,”saidStarr.Atthatpoint,herealizedtheymightbedealingwithachimera.“Chimerareportsareveryrare,buttheyarereal,withonly30documentedcasesworldwide.”InGreekmythology,“chimera”meansamonster:partgoat,partlion,partsnake.Itturnedoutthatthemanfailedthepaternitytestbecausethegenesinhissalivadifferfromhissperm’s.Theresearchersreportedthatthesedifferentgenesmostlikelycamefromalosttwinoftheman,onewhosecellshehadabsorbedwhilehewasanembryoinhisownmother.Thefatheroftheboyiseffectivelytheman’sownvanishedtwin—aghost—theresearchersconcluded.OnecluewasthattheWashingtonfatherdidhavecurioustwo-tonedstripedskin,discoveryteammemberMichaelBairdofDNADiagnosticsCenterinFairfield,Ohio,toldBuzzFeedNews.Thelightanddarkstripsweresopronouncedthatasachildthemanhadescapedteasingbytellingotherchildrenthathewasaburnvictim.“Thatcertainlyissuggestiveofchimera,”Bairdsaid.Andthetestoftheman’sspermfoundoutthatabout10%ofitscellsweregeneticmatchestotheinfantboy,Bairdsaid.“Thespermshowedthefatherwasindeedageneticchimera.”“Humanchimeraisverycommon,butextremelydifficulttoidentify,comingtolightalmostexclusivelybyaccidentslikethis,”biologistCharlesBoklageofEastCarolinaUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsbyemail.Wecanknowfromthetextthat__________.A.thefatheroftheboyhadtwosetsofidenticalgenes.B.theuncleoftheboywasstillwithinhisownmother.C.theuncleoftheboydidnothaveachancetobeborn.D.thefatherwasseverelyburnedwhenhewasyoung.WhichofthestatementsabouttheWashingtonfatheriscorrect?A.Hehadskinstripsoftwocolors,indicatingthathewasachimera.B.Thegenesfromhissalivawerethesameasthosefromhissperms.C.Hiscellswereabsorbedbyhistwinbrotherwhentheywereembryos.D.Hisspermtestshowedhistwinbrotherwasdefinitelyageneticchimera.Theunderlined“pronounced”(Para7)means__________inthepassage.A.loud B.noticeable C.amusing D.terrifyingWhichdiagrambelowistherightgenealogymapoftheWashingtonboy?(Father=theWashingtonman)A. B.C. D.32-35CABCP002AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampus(海馬體)ofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritable(可遺傳的)discase,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s—relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanisms(機制)thatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?A.Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B.Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C.Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D.Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3?A.Reported B.Conducted C.Confirmed D.ExposedWhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer’sdisease?A.Itcomesinasmallersize. B.Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C.Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons. D.IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer’sdisease.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer’sdisease.B.ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseasehasbeenfound.C.TheAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D.TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer’sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.32-35BCDDP003BristolUniversitywillofferstudentslessonsinhappiness.Theuniversityisofferingthe12-weekcoursetostudentsfromalluniversitydisciplinesnextyear,whichwillcounttowards20oftheir120creditpointsfortheirfirstyearoncampus.Thecourse,tobetaughtbyProfessorBruceHood,anexpertwhostudieshowthebrainworksandhowhumansthink,willexplorewhathappinessisandhowtoachieveit.Lastyear,400studentssignedupforapilothappinesscourseattheuniversity,whichdidnotresultinacademiccredits,aspartoftheuniversity’seffortstoimprovewell-being.ProfessorHoodsaid,“We’rereallyexcitedthattheuniversityhasgotbehindthecourse.Thiscoursewillbebuiltandestablishedonwhatwe’vealreadylearntinthefirstyearbutofcoursewe’regoingtomonitorthestudentsmuchmorecloselybecauseit’sforacademiccredits.Theycan’ttakeaneasyoption—they’vereallygottoputinalotofeffort.”Thevoluntarycoursewasoriginallyintroducedamid(在……當中)growingconcernsaboutstudentmentalhealth.Lastyear,studentscalledformoresupportandservicesforyoungpeoplewithmentalhealthissuesattheuniversity.Underthenewcourse,studentswillattendaone-hourlectureeachweekaswellasattendinga“happinesshub”.Lectureswilladdressaseriesofissues,includingwhetherhappinessisinthegenesandifitcanreallybechanged,howourmindsinfluencehappinessandtheroleofcultureinhappiness.Studentswillbeaskedtoselectoneofsevenhappinessexercisestopractiseforaweek,andthenevaluate(評估)theeffectithasonthem.Thiswillbediscussedattheweeklyhappinesshubmeetings.Theexercisesincludesleepingmore,meditating(冥想),expressinggratitudeforpeopleandthings,andpractisingrandomactsofkindness.Whowillgetcreditpointsonthelessonsinhappiness?A.Thetwelfthgraders. B.Gradersofallperiods.C.Seniorstudents. D.Thefreshmen.Howwillthestudentsfindthehappinesscourse?A.Encouraging. B.Exciting. C.Difficult. D.Simple.Whatcanstudentsdobytakingthehappinesscourse?A.Theycangivespeechesondifferentissues.B.Theycanlearnhowmindsaffecthappiness.C.Theycanevaluatetheeffectoneachother.D.Theycaninfluencethepartofcultureinhappiness.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.BristolUniversityofferslessonsinhappiness.B.ThefirstAIcoursesresultinacademiccredits.C.VariouscoursesareofferedbyBristolUniversity.D.Lessonswillbeintroducedonstudents’mentalhealth.32.D33.C34.B35.AP004Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumbtonewstimulation,newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsessionmanyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crownedkinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressureof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcampinggroundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey’dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore__________.A.anxioustopracticetheirskills B.sensitivetoothers’feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabits D.eagertoexploretheirsurroundingsWhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toadmitmistakeshonestly. B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions. D.Tofollowtheteacher’sinstructions.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“benton”inParagraph5mean?A.tiredof B.devotedto C.confusedabout D.pressedforInthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould__________.A.tryourbesttoprotectnature B.openourmindtonewthingsandideasC.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylife D.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworld32-35DCBDP005Wehaveheardsomeinterestingnewsthat5Gwirelesstechnologymightchangeourlivesinthefuture.5G—shortforthe5thGenerationCellularNetworkTechnology,promisestheInternetspeeds50to100timesfasterthancurrent4Gsystems.While5GissettobeusedinsomelimitedareasofAmericathisyear,muchoftheworldismostexpectedtoreceivewidelyavailableserviceuntil2023.OneprojectinBritain,however,isalreadytestingthissuperfasttechnologyonanunlikelygroupoftheInternetusers-cows.TheprojectwasdevelopedbyCiscoSystems,anAmericantechnologycompany.ItalsoreceivesmoneyfromtheBritishgovernment.Ciscosaystheprogramseekstoexplorethefutureof5Gconnectivityinruralareasaroundtheworld.TestingareasweresetuponfarmsinthreeruralareasinEngland.Thecowsareequippedwith5G-connecteddevicesthatlinkuptoaroboticmilkingsystem,whichusessensorsandmachinelearningtofullyautomatetheprocess.Systemdesignerssaytechnologytakesoverafteracowfeelsreadytobemilkedandwalkstowardanautomaticgate.Thedeviceisdesignedtorecognizeeachindividualcow.Itthenpositionsequipmenttotherightbodypositionformilking.Duringtheprocess,machinesreleasefoodforthecowasareward.Other5Gtechnologytoolsincludeautomatedbrushesthatstartwhenthecowrubsagainstthem.Sensorsalsocontroltheamountoflightinthecows’livingareasdependingontheweather.Andanautomaticfeedingsystemmakessuretheanimalsalwaysgetenoughfoodtoeat.DuncanForbes,headoftheproject,toldReutersthattheprojectshowsthefarm’scowoperationcanbegreatlyimprovedwith5Gtechnologyandthattheexperimentprovidesstrongevidencethat5Gtechnologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,notjustonfarmsinBritain,butinruralcommunitiesacrosstheworld.WhatisthepurposeofCiscoSystems’program?A.Totesttheeffectsof5Gtechnologyonanimals.B.TowinfinancialsupportfromBritishgovernment.C.TopromoteitstechnologicaldevelopmentinBritain.D.Toexpandthefutureuseof5Gtechnologyinruralcommunities.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Thefieldswhere5Gtechnologycanbeused.B.Thepracticeof5Gtechnologyonthetestingfarms.C.Thebackgroundinformationofusing5Gtechnology.D.Theadvantagesof5Gtechnologyovertheformer4Gtechnology.Whatcanwelearnabout5Gaccordingtothetext?A.Itisnobetterthan4Gintermsofspeed.B.Itisalreadywidelyavailableintheworld.C.Itisbasedonsensorsandmachinelearning.D.Itenablescowstocontroltheirownmilking.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Technology. B.Lifestyle. C.Education. D.Entertainment.32-35DBCAP006ParisgoescarfreeonSeptember19,2021aspartofaneventcalled“JournéeParisRespire”or“ParisBreathesDay”.Foronedayonly,carsarebannedfromParis.Parisiansandtouristsareinvitedto“discoverParisinanewlight”.CrowdsofParisiansandtouristsstrolledalongtheChamps-ElyseesavenueonSundayasacar-freedayremovedmostofthetrafficfromtheFrenchcapital’susuallybusystreets.PedestrianswanderingalongthemostfamousstreetinPariscouldviewtheArcdeTriompheinitstemporaryappearanceasanartinstallation.Themonumenthasbeencoveredinsilverywrapping,asdesignedbythelateartistChristo.In2015,Parisauthoritiesorganizeditsfirstcar-freedayinacentralzone:Pariswithoutcar,expandingtheinitiativein2017tootherdistrictswithinthecitylimits.ParisMayorAnneHidalgohassoughttousetheannualeventtocurbvehicleuseandreduceairpollution.Thisnewand7thedition,renamed“JourneeParisRespire”or“ParisBreathesDay”,takesplaceonSundaySeptember19,2021!For7hours,from11a.m.to6p.m.carsarebannedfromParis(excludingrings),lettingbicycles,rollerblades,skateboards,andpedestriansalongwithpublictransitusersenjoythecity.Thepersonswhoareagainsttheregulationmightbefined€135.Butemergencyvehicles,ambulances,buses,cabsandprivatehireareauthorizedtodriveat30km/h(18.64mph)intheParisRespireareas.Withthisaction,Pariswilltakethetimetolivewithouttheunstoppingnoiseofcarsandtoshowtheimpactsofthetraffic.AccordingtoAirParifcontrollingtheairquality,theratesofnitrogendioxidearedecreasingontheseCar-freedays,incomparisonwiththeotherSundaysovertheyear.About7%lesspollutantconcentrationintheairinParisarenoticed.Restassured,thereareexemptions(豁免)ifyouneedtogotothehospitalinParisorifyouarebackfromaweekendgetaway,butyouwillhavetoproveyourcredentials(證明書)andaproofofaddress,andrespectalimitof30km/h.Discoveringacar-freeParis,enjoyingcalmstreetsandwalkingtheusually-car-blockedstreetspromisessomenicemoments,right?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curb”inParagraph3mean?A.Allow. B.Criticize. C.Promote. D.Limit.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothecar-freeday?A.Doubtful. B.Indifferent. C.Supportive. D.Negative.Whatdoweknowaboutthecar-freeday?A.Everycarisn’tbannedfromParisonthisday.B.TheairqualityofParishasbeenimprovedpermanentlyduetoit.C.Thecar-freedayallowstouriststoexperiencethebusystreetofParis.D.PeoplecandriveinParisfreelyaslongastheyneedtogotothehospital.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Parisgoescarfreeforadayagain.B.ParisincludedtheentirecityintoParisBreathesDay.C.CrowdsfloodedintoChamps-ElyseesduringPariscar-freeday.D.Essentialjourneyscouldstillusethestreetsonthecar-freeday.32-35DCAAP007Inpreviousrecessions(經(jīng)濟衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy.Butsomebillionairesarealsobenefitingfromeconomicandtechnologicaltrendsthatwereacceleratedbythepandemic.AmongthesearetheownersandinvestorsofretailgiantslikeAmazon,Walmart,Target,DollarTreeandDollarGeneral,whichhavereportedhugeprofitsthisyearwhilemanyoftheirsmallercompetitorsweredefeatedcompletelyasthecoronavirusspread.Thentherearecompaniesthathavebetontherapiddigitizationofeverything.EricYuan,thechiefexecutiveofZoom,becameabillionairein2019.Nowheisworthalmost$20billion.DanGilbert,thechairmanofQuickenLoans,wasworthlessthan$7billioninMarch,nowhecommandsmorethan$43billion.Butthereisagreatdealofstratification(層化)evenamongbillionaires—richerbillionairesgotevenricherin2020thanthepooreronesdid.JeffBezos,Amazon’sfounder,wasworthabout$113billionatthestartofthepandemic.Nowheisworth$182billion.Twoyearsago,Bezoswastheonly“centibillionaire”onearth—thetrendyneologism(anewword)forpeoplewhosewealthexceeds(超過)$100billion.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.Whatis“partofthereasons”thatisimpliedinParagraph2?A.TheAmericaninequality. B.Therecoveryofstockmarket.C.Theeffectofthepandemic. D.Thefoodshortageacrossthecountry.Whatisoneofthechangesduringthepandemic?A.Thedeclineofdigitalgames. B.Moremoneylenttopeoplebybanks.C.Thetrendoftechnologyacceleration. D.Highprofitearnedbysmallercompanies.Whydoestheauthorreferto“‘centibillionaire”asa“neologism”?A.Itisanewtitleinthestockmarketaftertherecession.B.Itisanewwayofsolutiontopovertythroughtheworld.C.Itisanewlyestablishedcompanyduringthepandemic.D.Itisanewtermforpeoplewhosewealthexceeds$100billion.32-35BACDP008Manyofusmakeeffortstoreducethetimewespendusingdevices.Formostpeople,theanswertothisissueisn’teasyasthis:deletingasmanyappsasyoucanorcuttingyourselfofffromdevices.Instead,balanceiswhatwillhelpavoidtechoverload,andtherearenumerouswaysthatwecanmakethateasierforourselves.Yourphone’sbuilt-intrackingfeaturesorappslikeMomentcanhelpyoutrackthehoursyouspendusingtech.Thisallowsyoutoseeclearlywhetheryouspendalotoftimeondevices.Studiesshowthatweareusuallybadatestimatinghowlongwespendlookingatscreens.Someapps,suchasForest,canhelpyoufocusbyvisualisingavirtualtreethatonlygrowswhenworking,notscrolling.Otherstemporarilyblocktemptingappssoyoudon’tfallintoendlessscroll-holes,whichismucheasierthanconstantlydeletingandredownloadingyourfavouriteapps.Youshouldalsolimitpushnotifications(通知).Whenyougetanewnotification,youarelikelytocheckotherthings.Thesearecalledwithin-phoneinterruptionsandyoucanlosehugepartofyourdaytothem.Oneestimatesuggeststhatwhenataskisinterruptedbypushnotifications,itcanenduptakingfourtimeslongertocomplete.Gettingridofyourdevicesaltogetherwasonceafashionablepieceofadvice,butnotonlyisitunsustainableformostofus,itisn’tadvisableeither.Technologyhelpsmanyofusmanageemotions—byusinggamestodriveawaytension,forinstance.Asmuchastechcanbeasourceofstress,inatimewhentheworldfeelsmoredifficulttonavigatethanusual,itcanalsobeamuch-neededsourceofrelief,joyandconnection.HowcantheappMomenthelpyoureducethetimespentondevices?A.Itremindsyoutowork.B.Itrecordsyourscreentime.C.Itstopsyoufromusingotherapps.D.Itcriticizesyouforlookingatscreensforalongtime.Whydoesthewritersuggestlimitingnotifications?A.Notificationsareofnoimportance.B.Checkingnotificationsmayresultinawasteoftime.C.Within-phoneinterruptionscanharmyourintelligence.D.Ataskinterruptedbynotificationsisunlikelytobefinished.Whatistherelationshipbetweentechnologyandemotion?A.Technologybringsmorestressthanjoy.B.Technologyonlyleadstonegativefeelings.C.Technologybenefitsemotionmanagements.D.Technologyisamustinmanagingemotions.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toencouragereaderstogetridofdevices.B.Towarnreadersoftheharmcausedbydevices.C.Toinformreadersaboutwaystoavoidoverusingdevices.D.Topersuadereaderstouseeffectiveappstocontrolscreentime.32-35BBCCP009AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpieceTheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativityisthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itundoubtedlywouldpassthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhileit’sbelievedthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly1.2menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity,whichisnottrue.Afterreadingthepaper,alotofpeopleunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan1.2.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexplanationofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphs.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalisationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorlaboratoriesaremorestrictlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumanobjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofitshistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternshipsatestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalisingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardisationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文縟節(jié)).Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,whichstatementaboutEinstein’s1915paperistrue?A.Itattractedfewprofessionals. B.Itturnedouttobecomprehensible.C.Itneededfurtherimprovement. D.Itwasaclassicintheoreticalphysics.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph3mean?A.Unrealistic. B.Imprecise. C.Unattractive. D.Irrelevant.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?A.Theselectionofyoungtalents.B.Theevaluationoflaboratories.C.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.D.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Howtowritequalitypapers?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalised?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?32-35BDACP010Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomic