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Chapter11DesignofMechanismSystems1.SimpleMechanismSystemConsistingofaSingleMechanism11.1IntroductionofMechanismSystems
Whendesigningasimplemechanismsystem,methodsofevolutionandmutationcouldprovideanapproachforcreatingnewmachines.Forexample,Fig11-1ashowsthesketchdiagramofashearingmachine.ThepinoftherevolutepairBandthedimensionoftheprismaticpairCareenlargedenoughtoobtainashearingmachineshowedinFig11-1b.Fig.11-1Shearingmachine
(剪床機構)2.ComplexMechanismSystemConsistingofIndependentMechanismsFig.11-2Motionharmonizationofmechanism
(機構運動的協(xié)調(diào))Fig.11-2showsahydraulicmechanismsysteminwhichthehydrocylinder1and2willoperateindependently.Thehydrocylinder1willtransferaworkpiecefromposition1toposition2,thenhydrocylinder2willtransfertheworkpiecetoposition3.Atthistimehydrocylinder1mustgobacktoitsinitialposition.3.ComplexMechanismSystemConsistingofMechanismsConnectedbyEachOther
Fig11-3showsacomplexmechanismsystem,inwhichbeltmechanism,wormmechanism,cammechanism,linkagemechanismareconnectedinseries.Itcouldclipandfeedautomatically.
Fig.11-3Automaticfeedingmachine
(自動送料機)1.MotionHarmonizationofaMechanismSystemFig.11-4Punchingmechanism
(壓力機機構)11.2HarmonizationDesignofMechanismMotions
Fig.11-4showsapunchingmachineinwhichtheactionoftheslidercrankmechanismABCisusedtopunchandtheslidercrankmechanismFGHisusedtofeed.Whenthepunchingheadgoesupafterfinishingapunchingprocess,thefeedingmechanismstartstofeed.Besides,thefeedingmechanismmustcompletefeedingandreturntoitsinitialposition,andthenthepunchingheadwillbegintopunch.2.DesignofMotionCirculationDiagram
Fig.11-5showsthemotioncirculationdiagramofapunchingmechanism.Inthefigure,theabscissaaxisindicatesthemotioncycleoftheactuatorsandtheordinateaxisindicatesthemotionstatusoftheactuators.Everymotionstatusofmechanismscanbeexpressedinthismotioncirculationdiagram.
Fig.11-5Motioncirculationdiagramofapunchingmachine
(壓力機機構的運動循環(huán)圖)3.KeyPointsforDesigningMechanismSystems1)Choosesimplemechanismstosatisfythemechanicalfunctions.2)Sketchupthemotioncirculationdiagram.3)Synthesizethesimplemechanisms,anddeterminetheirdimensions.4)Determinetheconnectionmethodsandsizesofallmechanisms.5)Simulateandinspectthereliabilityofmotionharmonization.6)Optimizethesizesandthepositionsofthemechanismsrepeatedly,untiltheycansatisfytherequirements.1.ConnectionBasicLinkGroupsFig.11-6Connectingbasiclinkgroups(基本桿組)11.3CombinedMethodsofMechanismSystemsInFig11-6a,theoutsidepairsBandDoftheclassⅡlinkgroupBCDareconnectedtothedrivinglinkABandtheframe,andweobtainafourbarlinkageABCD.IftheoutsidepairsEandFofanotherclassⅡlinkgroupareconnectedtothelinkDCandtheframe,asixlinkmechanismwouldbeobtainedshowedinFig11-6a.IftheoutsidepairsBandDareconnectedtotwodrivinglinks,wecangetaparallelmechanismwithtwodegreesoffreedomshowninFig11-6b.
2.TandemConnectionofSimpleMechanismsFig.11-7Mechanismsintandemconnection1(機構的串聯(lián)組合1)
Fig11-7ashowsagearlinkagesystem,inwhichthedrivengearisconnectedrigidlytothedrivingcrankofthecrankrockermechanism.Thismechanismsystemcanreducethespeedofthelinkagemechanism.Fig11-7bshowsanothergearlinkagesystem,inwhichtheinternalgearofthegearsisconnectedrigidlytothecoupleroftheparallelogrammechanismABCD.Fig.11-8Mechanismsintandemconnection2(機構的串聯(lián)組合2)
Fig11-8ashowsatandemmechanismsysteminwhichtheguiderofthecrankguiderbarmechanismisconnectedtothecrankoftheslidercrankmechanism.Thesliderwouldhaveaspecialmotioncharacteristic.Fig.11-8bshowsatandemsystemconsistingofagearmechanismandacammechanism.3.ParallelConnectionofSimpleMechanismsParallelconnectionsarewidelyusedinengineering.InFig.11-9a,twoparallelhydrauliccylindermechanismsdriveadumpbucketofatrucktogether.Fig.11-9bshowsaparallelgearmechanisminwhichthemotionofdrivingshaftisresolvedintothemotionsofshaftsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,ⅤandⅥ.
Fig.11-9Mechanismsinparallelconnection1(機構并聯(lián)組合1)Fig.11-10ashowsaninternalcombustionengine,inwhichtheslidercrankmechanismsareinlinearrangementtoV.Thepistonsaredrivinglinksanddrivethecrankshafttorotate.Fig.11-10bshowsanothercombustionengine,inwhichtheslidercrankmechanismsareradialarrangement.Fourslidercrankmechanismsdrivethecrankshafttorotate.Fig.11-10Mechanismsinparallelconnection2(機構并聯(lián)組合2)Fig.11-11Mechanismsinparallel
connection3(機構并聯(lián)組合3)InFig.11-11,themotionoftheelectricmotorisseparatedintotwobranches;intheendtheywillbesynthesizedtobeonerotationofthewormgearagain.Thisparallelmechanismcanenhancetheoutputcapacityofthewormgear.Inengineering,weusuallytaketandemmechanismsasthebranchesofparallelmechanismsystems.Fig.11-11showsanexamplethatbothgearmechanismsaretandemconnections.Combinationsoftandemconnectionsandparallelmechanismsareverycommoninmechanismsystems.4.SuperpositionofSimpleMechanismsFig.11-12Mechanismsinsuperposedconnection1(機構疊加組合1)Fig.11-12ashowsahydraulicexcavator,inwhichaguiderbarmechanismislocatedontheturntable1.Arm4isdrivenbyhydrauliccylinder2androd3.Anotherhydraulicmechanismissuperposedonthearm4,anditdrivestheupperarm7byusinghydrauliccylinder5androd6.11-12bshowsahydrauliclifterinwhichaparallelogramlinkageDCEFissuperposedonthecoupleroftheparallelogramlinkageABCD,sothattheplatformcanmoveupanddownandkeepbalancewhenworking.Fig.11-13Mechanismsinsuperposed
connection2(機構疊加組合2)InFig.11-13,awormmechanismissuperposedonthearmoftheplanetarygeartrain,andtheoutputshaftofthewormgearisconnectedtotheplanetgear.Inthissystem,thewormgearsuppliespowertoplanet
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