人教版英語(yǔ)選修七新素養(yǎng)講義Unit4Sharing1SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-ComprehendingWord版含答案

冰冷的鋼筋水泥城市阻擋不了現(xiàn)代人的情感傳遞。在這個(gè)社區(qū)里，人們互幫互助、抱團(tuán)取暖，用分享與合作共建和諧社區(qū)。ModernSuccessStoriesintheNeighborhoodInthisneighborhood,thereareanumberofpeoplewhoareinneedofalittlehelp.CynthiaMarksisasinglemotherwhofindsitdifficulttoworkalldayandtoputdinneronthetableeverynightforherfourkids.Shetalkedtoherneighbor,AnnCullen,anothersinglemotherwithtwochildren,whoworksfulltime.AnnunderstoodCynthia’sneeds.She,too,oftenfeltangerathavingtocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))thecookingandcleaningafterworkingallday.Sothetwoneighborsthoughtofaplan.Theydecidedthattheywouldtaketurnscookingforeachother’sfamiliesonceaweek.Theywerereadyforachange.Theyhadafeelingthatthiswouldimprovetheirlives.Therearehundredsofneighborhoodsinwhichpeopleneedsomehelptodoordinarychores(雜事).Neighborhoodgroupsexisttohelppeopleinanumberofdifferentways.Therearegroupsthathelpolderpeoplewhocannolongerdriveordotheirshoppingontheirown.Thereareneighborhoodcrime-watchgroupsthatwatchforanysignsofrobberies.Therearechild-safetyprogramsthataskadultstowatchoutforneighborhoodchildrenwhomayneedtoetoasafehomeinanemergency.CynthiaandAnn’splanwasasuccess.Theynowsharemealmakingandsometimeseattogetherwiththreeotherneighbors.AccordingtoAnn,cookingforagrouponceaweekisbetterthancookingfivenightsaweekforthree.Inadditiontosharingdinner,CynthiaandAnngettotalkabouttheirproblemsandresponsibilities.Theyfinditisbeneficialjusttobeabletodiscussaproblemwithanotheradult.Withtheirneighbors,theydiscusstheneighborhoodschooltheiryoungchildrenattendandleteachotherknowaboutspecialsalesinneighborhoodstoresorsocialeventsthatwillbetakingplace.Accordingtothesewomen,theywereabletobuildarelationshipthathasimprovedtheirlives.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.textbookn． 教科書；課本2.weeklyadj.&adv. 每周(的)3.relevantadj. 有關(guān)的；切題的4.remoteadj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的5.platformn． 臺(tái)；平臺(tái)；講臺(tái)；(火車站的)月臺(tái)6.otherwiseconj. 否則；不然adv. 用別的方法；其他方面7.privilegen． 特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待拓展詞匯8.muddyadj.泥濘的；泥土般的→mudn．泥；泥濘9.adjustvi.&vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合→adjustmentn．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)10.participatevi.參與；參加→participationn．參與；參加11.arrangementn．安排；排列→arrangev．安排閱讀詞匯12.airmailn． 航空郵件13.fortnightn． 兩星期14.roofn． 屋頂；車頂15.conceptn. 觀念；概念16.weedn． 雜草；野草vt.&vi. 除雜草17.hutn． 棚屋；小屋18.broomn. 掃帚19.interpretern. 作口譯的人20.sniffvt.&vi. 嗅；聞；用鼻子吸21.grilln. 烤架；大平底鍋vt. 燒烤；炙烤重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.dryup (指河流、井等)干涸2.dryout (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透3.stickout 伸出；堅(jiān)持到底；顯眼4.tobehonest 說(shuō)實(shí)話；坦白地說(shuō)5eacross 偶然遇到或發(fā)現(xiàn)；碰到；被理解6.upto 多達(dá)；直到7.(be)dyingto 極想；渴望8.hearfrom 接到……的信9.participatein 參與；參加10.theotherday 不久前的一天11.makeadifferenceto 對(duì)……有影響；起作用12.getthrough 通過重點(diǎn)句型1.bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，這時(shí)……：TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen(正在給男孩子們做每周一次的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的演示，這時(shí)),beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere！2.doubtwhether...懷疑是否……：Tobehonest,Idoubtwhether(我懷疑是否)I’mmakinganydifferencetotheseboys’livesatall.3.“助動(dòng)詞do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillage(真的拜訪了一個(gè)村莊)whichisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.4.fromwhere引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviews(在那兒我們欣賞了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景)andthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthemainideaoftheletter?A．JotoldRosemarywhatshehaddoneandseeninPapuaNewGuinea.B．JoadvisedustoetoPapuaNewGuinea.C．JoencouragedherfriendtoliveinPapuaNewGuinea.D．Jointroducedthelocalpeople’sbattleagainsttheirenemies.答案：A2．Matchthemainideaofeachpart.Part1(Para.1)A．JoandJennyvisitedTombe’shomeinthevillage.Part2(Paras.2－3)B．Endoftheletter.Part3(Paras.4－8)C．Openingoftheletterandintroductiontowhatwillbetalkedaboutinthepassage.Part4(Para.9)D．TheschoolwhereJoworkedandJo’sworkatschool.答案：CDABeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Inachemistryexperimenttheboysjumpedoutofthewindowsbecausethey________．A．werefrightenedbythebubblingmixtureB．couldn’tstandtheterriblesmellofthemixtureC．didn’tlikedoingchemistryexperimentsD．knewchemistrywasnotrelevanttothem2．WhydoesJowonderhowrelevantchemistryistothekids?A．Becauseshethinkschemistryistoodifficulttolearn.B．Becauseshethinkschemistrymaymakelittledifferencetothekids’lives.C．Becausethekidstherehardlyeacrossanythingofchemistry.D．Becauseshethinkschemistryisuseless.3．HowdidJofeelafterthevisittoTombe’sfamily?A．Upset. B．Worried.C．Happy. D．Sad.4．Accordingtothepassage,itisNOTtruethat________．A．manyofthestudentshavetowalkalongwaytogotoschoolB．JohadvisitedTombe’sfamilyseveraltimesbeforetheletterC．thereisnoelectricityorwaterandevennotextbooksintheschoolD．Tombelivesinapoorbutpletefamily答案：1－4.ABCBeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.eq\a\vs4\al() [翻譯]我知道你急于了解我在這里的生活情況，因此我在信中附了幾張照片，這將幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。2．TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere!eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperiment是主句，when在此引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③when從句中又包含before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 [翻譯]不久前的一天，我正在給男孩子們做每周一次的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的演示，我還沒明白是怎么回事，這時(shí)混合劑就到處冒泡了！3．SometimesIwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8anyway.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②Iwonder是主句，how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。③在how從句中，mostofwhom...anyway是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞students。[翻譯]有時(shí)候我真想知道，化學(xué)跟這些學(xué)生有多大關(guān)系。不管怎樣他們中的大多數(shù)人上完八年級(jí)以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。4．Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.[翻譯]我們走了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那兒我們欣賞了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景，然后下了一個(gè)陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。①fortnight['f??tnaIt]n.兩星期②hearfrom接到……的信hearof/about聽說(shuō)；得知③(be)dyingto極想；渴望同義短語(yǔ)：beeager/anxious/longingto④includev．使成為……的一部分⑤picturevt.想象，設(shè)想⑥r(nóng)oof[ru?f]n.屋頂；車頂⑦muddy['m?dI]adj.泥濘的；泥土般的⑧trackn．小道，路徑；車轍，蹤跡⑨upto多達(dá)；高達(dá)It’suptosb.todosth.由某人負(fù)責(zé)做某事。sb.beuptosth.某人勝任某職務(wù)⑩textbook['teksb?k]n.教科書；課本?adaptto適應(yīng)?conditions(復(fù))(生活或工作)條件；境況?forsure肯定?imaginativeadj.富有想象力的imaginaryadj.虛構(gòu)的；想象的?challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的?concept['k?nsept]n.觀念；概念havenoconceptofdoingsth.對(duì)做某事沒有想法/概念?bucket['b?kIt]n.水桶；吊桶；提桶?theotherday不久前的一天?weekly['wi?klI]adj.&adv.每周(的)?mixturen．混合(物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))bubble['b?bl]vi.起泡；沸騰；汩汩地流動(dòng)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))eacross遇見；碰上eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))relevant['rel?v?nt]adj.有關(guān)的；切題的(be)relevantto與……相關(guān)；與……切題eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))anyway同anyhow,副詞，意為“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))tobehonest說(shuō)實(shí)話eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))makeadifferenceto...對(duì)……有作用/有影響eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))actuallyadv.的確；事實(shí)上；真實(shí)地eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))dialectn．方言eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))remote[rI'm??t]adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的beremotefrom遠(yuǎn)離eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))ridge[rId?]n.山脊；屋脊eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))weed[wi?d]n.雜草；野草vt.&vi.除雜草eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))shakehandswith與……握手eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))relativen．親戚eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))hut[h?t]n.棚屋；小屋eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))stickout伸出；突出eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))rectangular[rek't??ɡj?l?]adj.長(zhǎng)方形的；矩形的rectangle['rekt??ɡl]n.矩形；長(zhǎng)方形eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))getthrough穿過；通過；完成eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))adjust[?'d??st]vi.&vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))layvt.(laid；laid)放；擱置；下蛋l(fā)ie—lay—lain躺；位于lie—lied—lied撒謊eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))platform['pl?tf??m]n.臺(tái)；平臺(tái)；講臺(tái)；(火車站的)月臺(tái)eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))would在此表示過去的一種習(xí)慣。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))possessionn．[C]所有物，財(cái)物(多用復(fù)數(shù))；[U]擁有inpossessionof擁有inone’spossession被某人擁有eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))broom[bru?m]n.掃帚eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))tin[tIn]n.錫eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))jar[d?ɑ?]n.罐；廣口瓶eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))buildafire生火(＝makeafire)eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))greensn．青菜eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))steamv．蒸n．蒸汽；水汽eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))sniff[snIf]vt.&vi.嗅；聞；用鼻子吸eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))participate[pɑ?'tIsIpeIt]vi.參與；參加participateinsth.參與某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))interpreter[In't??prIt?]n.作口譯的人eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))grill[ɡrIl]n.烤架；大平底鍋vt.燒烤；炙烤eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))puzzledadj.感到迷惑的eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))dryout(使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))leftover['left???v?]n.剩余物；殘留物；剩飯adj.剩余的eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))evil['i?vl]adj.邪惡的n．邪惡；罪惡eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))dryup(指河流、井等)干涸eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))otherwise['?e?waIz]conj.否則；不然adv.用別的方法；其他方面eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))musclen．肌肉eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))achevi.痛，疼eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))privilege['prIv?lId?]n.特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))preparelessons備課eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))paperwork['peIp?w??k]n.文書工作ALETTERHOMEDearRosemary，Thanksforyourletter，whichtookafortnight①toarrive.Itwaswonderfultohearfrom②you.Iknowyou’redyingto③hearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincluded④somephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicture⑤theplacesItalkabout.◆whichtookafortnighttoarrive是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾yourletter?！鬒know...talkabout.中，Iknow...here是省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句，whichwillhelp...是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾somephotos，Italkabout是省略that的定語(yǔ)從句。Youaskedaboutmyhighschool.Well,it’sabushschool—theclassroomsaremadeofbambooandtheroofs⑥ofgrass．Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownamuddy⑦track⑧.WhenIreachtheschoolgroundstherearelotsof“goodmornings”formefromtheboys.Manyofthemhavewalkedalongway,sometimesupto⑨t(yī)wohours,togettoschool.◆theroofsofgrass承接and前的分句，roofs后省略了aremade?！鬒ttakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花費(fèi)某人一些時(shí)間。There’snoelectricityorwaterandevennotextbooks⑩either!I’mstilltryingtoadaptto?theseconditions?.However,onethingisforsure?，I’vebeemoreimaginative?inmyteaching.Scienceismymostchallenging?subjectasmystudentshavenoconcept?ofdoingexperiments.Infactthereisnoequipment,andifIneedwaterIhavetocarryitfrommyhouseinabucket?！Theotherday?Iwasshowingtheboystheweekly?chemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixture?wasbubblingeq\o\ac(○,)overeverywhere!Theboyswhohadnevereacrosseq\o\ac(○,)anythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.SometimesIwonderhowrelevanteq\o\ac(○,)chemistryistothesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8anywayeq\o\ac(○,).Tobehonesteq\o\ac(○,),IdoubtwhetherI’mmakinganydifferencetoeq\o\ac(○,)theseboys’livesatall.◆asmystudentshavenoconcept...是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。下一段第二句中的asIdon’tspeak...也是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句?！鬒wasshowing...中wasshowing...when是“bedoing...when...”結(jié)構(gòu)，beforeIknew...是before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。◆whohadnevereacrossanythinglikethisbefore是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Theboys?！鬽ostofwhom...是“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thesestudents。從句中willbedoingsth.是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生的事情。YouaskedwhetherI’mgettingtoknowanylocalpeople.Well,that’sactuallyeq\o\ac(○,)quitedifficultasIdon’tspeakmuchofthelocalEnglishdialecteq\o\ac(○,)yet.Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillagewhichisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.Itwasmyfirstvisittoaremoteeq\o\ac(○,)village.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgeeq\o\ac(○,)fromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.Whenwearrivedatthevillage,Tombe’smother,Kiak,whohadbeenpullingweedseq\o\ac(○,)inhergarden,startedcrying“ieeeieee”.Weshookhandswitheq\o\ac(○,)allthevillagers.Everyoneseemedtobearelativeeq\o\ac(○,)ofTombe’s.◆didvisit中did表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞visit，意為“確實(shí)，的確”。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)在其前加do/does/did。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分?！魒hichisthehomeof...是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾avillage?！鬴romwhere引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where指代ontheridge或alongtheridge?！鬢henwe...“ieeeieee”．中Whenwearrivedatthevillage是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，Kiak是Tombe’smother的同位語(yǔ)，whohad...是who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Tombe’smother。Tombe’sfather,Mukap,ledustohishouse,alowbamboohuteq\o\ac(○,)withgrassstickingouteq\o\ac(○,)oftheroof—thisshowsitisaman’shouse.Thehutswereround,notrectangulareq\o\ac(○,)liketheschoolbuildings.Therewerenowindowsandthedoorwaywasjustbigenoughtogetthrougheq\o\ac(○,).Thehutwasdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjusteq\o\ac(○,).Freshgrasshadbeenlaideq\o\ac(○,)onthefloorandtherewasanewlymadeplatformeq\o\ac(○,)forJennyandmetosleepon.UsuallyKiakwouldeq\o\ac(○,)sleepinherownhut,butthatnightshewasgoingtosharetheplatformwithus.MukapandTombeweretosleeponsmallbedsinanotherpartofthehut.Therewasafireplaceinthecentreofthehutnearthedoorway.Theonlypossessionseq\o\ac(○,)Icouldseewereonebroomeq\o\ac(○,),afewtineq\o\ac(○,)platesandcupsandacoupleofjarseq\o\ac(○,).◆withgrassstickingoutoftheroof是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾hut?！鬴orsb.todo是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作后置定語(yǔ)。若動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加相應(yīng)的介詞。◆Icouldsee是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞possessions。先行詞被Theonly修飾，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞要用that，不能用which。OutsideMukapwasbuildingafireeq\o\ac(○,).Oncethefirewasgoing,helaidstonesonit.Whenhot,heplacedtheminanemptyoildrumwithkaukau(sweetpotato),cornandgreenseq\o\ac(○,).Hethencoveredthevegetableswithbananaleavesandleftthemtosteameq\o\ac(○,).Isniffedeq\o\ac(○,)thefood;itsmelleddelicious.Weateinsidethehutsittingroundthefire.Ilovedlisteningtothefamilysoftlytalkingtoeachotherintheirlanguage,eventhoughIcouldnotparticipateeq\o\ac(○,)intheconversation.Luckily,Tombecouldbeourinterpretereq\o\ac(○,).◆once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦”?！鬢henhot是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，其完整形式為：whentheywerehot。◆現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)sittingroundthefire在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)?！鬳venthough(＝evenif)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管”。Later,Inoticedatincanstandingupsidedownonthegrilleq\o\ac(○,)overthefire.AfterashorttimeTombethrewitoutofthedoorway.Iwaspuzzledeq\o\ac(○,).Tombetoldmethatthecanwasheatedtodryouteq\o\ac(○,)theleftovereq\o\ac(○,)food.Theybelievethatanyleftoversattractevileq\o\ac(○,)spiritsinthenight,sothefoodisdriedupeq\o\ac(○,)inthecanandthecanisthenthrownoutofthehut.Otherwiseeq\o\ac(○,)theydon’twasteanything.◆notice＋賓語(yǔ)＋doingsth.意為“注意到……在做某事”。句中現(xiàn)在分詞standing作賓補(bǔ)。Weleftthevillagethenextmorningaftermanygoodbyesandfirmhandshakes.Mymuscleseq\o\ac(○,)wereachingeq\o\ac(○,)andmykneesshakingasweclimbeddownthemountaintowardshome.ThateveningIfellhappilyintobed.Itwassuchaprivilegeeq\o\ac(○,)tohavespentadaywithTombe’sfamily.◆mykneesshaking承接and前的分句，knees后省略了were?！鬒twasaprivilegetodosth.做某事是一種殊榮。tohavedone是動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式，表明該動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。It’sgettinglateandIhavetopreparetomorrow’slessonseq\o\ac(○,)anddosomepaperworkeq\o\ac(○,).Pleasewritesoon.Love，Jo一封家書親愛的羅斯瑪麗：謝謝你的來(lái)信，這封信花了兩星期才到。收到你的信真是太高興了。我知道你急于了解我在這里的生活情況，因此我在信中附了幾張照片，這將幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。你問起我的情況。嗯，它是一所叢林——教室是用竹子搭起來(lái)的，屋頂是用茅草蓋的。我只要沿著一條泥濘的小路步行幾分鐘就到了。當(dāng)我走到操場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，迎接我的是男孩子們一片“早上好”的聲音。他們中許多人要走很長(zhǎng)的路，有時(shí)候走多達(dá)兩個(gè)小時(shí)才到。這兒沒有電，也沒有水，甚至連課本也沒有！我還在努力適應(yīng)這些情況。但是有一點(diǎn)是肯定的，我在教學(xué)中變得更富有想象力了。理科對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是最具有挑戰(zhàn)性的課，因?yàn)槲业膶W(xué)生對(duì)做實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有概念。實(shí)際上，根本沒有設(shè)備。如果需要水，我還得從家里用水桶提過來(lái)！不久前的一天，我正在給男孩子們做每周一次的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的演示，我還沒明白是怎么回事，這時(shí)混合劑就到處冒泡了！男孩子們以前從來(lái)沒有見過這種情況，嚇得都往窗外跳去。有時(shí)候我真想知道，化學(xué)跟這些學(xué)生有多大關(guān)系。不管怎樣他們中的大多數(shù)人上完八年級(jí)以后就要回到他們的村莊去了。說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我很懷疑我教的課是否會(huì)讓這些男孩子的生活有所改變。你問我是否了解當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩?。嗯，那?shí)在是太難了，因?yàn)槲疫€說(shuō)不了幾句當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f(shuō)的英語(yǔ)方言。不過，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教師真的去訪問了一個(gè)村莊，那是其中一個(gè)男孩湯貝的家。這是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我們走了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那兒我們欣賞了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景，然后下了一個(gè)陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。當(dāng)我們到達(dá)村莊的時(shí)候，湯貝的母親齊亞克本來(lái)在園子里拔草，看到我們就“噯矣，噯矣”地叫了起來(lái)。我們同所有的村民都握了手。每個(gè)人看上去都是湯貝家的親戚。湯貝的父親叫莫卡普，他把我們帶到他的家里。這是一個(gè)低矮的竹屋，屋頂上伸出一簇茅草——它表示這間竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圓的，不像那樣是長(zhǎng)方形的。這里沒有窗戶，房門只夠一個(gè)人進(jìn)出。小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此我們的眼睛過了好一陣才適應(yīng)過來(lái)。地上擺放著一堆新鮮的草，還有一個(gè)新搭的平臺(tái)，是供珍妮和我睡覺用的。通常齊亞克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我們一起睡在平臺(tái)上。莫卡普和湯貝則睡在竹屋另一邊的小床上。在竹屋中間靠近房門的地方有一個(gè)火爐。我所看到的僅有的財(cái)產(chǎn)就是一把掃帚、幾個(gè)錫盤和錫杯，還有幾個(gè)罐子。莫卡普在屋子外邊生火?；鹬饋?lái)后，他往火里放了幾塊石頭。當(dāng)燒熱時(shí)，他把石頭放在一個(gè)空油桶里，加上一些考考(紅薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉葉子把這些蔬菜蓋上，等著它們蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物聞起來(lái)很香。我們?cè)谛∥堇飮馉t坐下來(lái)吃東西。他們家里人輕聲細(xì)語(yǔ)地用自己的語(yǔ)言在交談。我喜歡聽他們談話，盡管我不能參與談話。幸好，湯貝能給我們當(dāng)翻譯。后來(lái)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)錫罐子倒放在火爐的烤架上。過了一會(huì)兒，湯貝把它從門道里扔了出去。我不懂為什么這樣做。湯貝告訴我說(shuō)，罐子加熱是為了把里面的殘菜剩飯燒干。他們相信剩飯會(huì)在夜晚引來(lái)邪靈，所以要把食物放在罐子里燒干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否則的話，他們是不會(huì)浪費(fèi)任何東西的。第二天早晨，經(jīng)過一番緊緊握手和道別之后，我們就離開了村莊。我們爬下山回家，往回走的時(shí)候，我的腿部肌肉發(fā)痛，膝蓋發(fā)抖。那天晚上我很開心，倒在床上就睡了。能與湯貝一家一起度過一天的時(shí)間真是莫大的榮幸。天色很晚了，我還得準(zhǔn)備明天的課，做一些文書工作。請(qǐng)?jiān)缛諄?lái)信。愛你的，喬 eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解ATechnoInstituteofTrainingInformationforStudentsWeletotheTechnoInstituteofTraining.Pleasereadthefollowinginformationcarefully.Alltextsrequiredinourclassesareavailable(可得到的)forsaleintheMainOffice,Room105.Pleaseseethereceptionisttobuyyourreadingmaterials.Youmusthaveallmaterialswhenyouarriveatyourfirstclassmeeting,sopleaseplantogetthemaheadoftime.Ifforanyreasonyouneedtowithdrawfromaclass,pleasenotethefollowingpolicies.Tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))willbefullyrefundedifyouwithdrawfromtheclassbeforethesecondclassmeeting.Withdrawalsmadeafterthesecondclassmeetingbutbeforethethirdwillreceivearefundof50percentofthetuition.Refundscannotbemadeafterthethirdclassmeeting.Towithdrawfromaclass,pleasevisittheRegistrar’sOfficeinRoom103.TicketstoourFridaynightspeechseriesareavailabletoallstudentsfreeofcharge.Ifyouareinterestedinattendingaspeech,pleasegetyourticketfromtheStudentActivitiesOffice,Room107.Eachstudentisallowedonlyonefreeticketperspeech.Also,visittheStudentActivitiesOfficetoseeascheduleoflocalfieldtrips,studentsocialhours,andotherupingevents.TheCounselingOffice,Room109isopenMondaythroughThursdayfrom3：00to9：00p．m.Assistanceisavailableforchoosingclasses,makingfutureeducationalplans,andsearchingforemployment.Changesinyourclassschedulemaybemadeduringthefirstweekofthesemester(學(xué)期)only.ClasschangeformsareavailableintheCounselingOffice.Youmustgettheinstructor’ssignaturetochangeclasses.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章為學(xué)生介紹了TechnoInstituteofTraining的一些入學(xué)須知。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheTechnoInstituteofTraining?A．Alltextscanbeborrowedfromthereceptionist.B．Tuitionshouldbepaidbythethirdclassmeeting.C．Refundscannotbemadeafterthesecondclassmeeting.D．Allmaterialsshouldbeboughtbeforethefirstclassmeeting.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Youmusthaveallmaterialswhenyouarriveatyourfirstclassmeeting,sopleaseplantogetthemaheadoftime.可知，在第一節(jié)課的時(shí)候，你就需要準(zhǔn)備好所有的材料。2．Whichofficeshouldyouvisitifyouwanttogetaspeechticket?A．Room103. B．Room105.C．Room107. D．Room109.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Ifyouareinterestedinattendingaspeech,pleasegetyourticketfromtheStudentActivitiesOffice,Room107.可知，如果你想去觀看演講就要去107房間拿票。3．Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttochangeyourclass?A．ApplyforitontheInternet.B．Gettheinstructor’ssignature.C．GototheCounselingOfficeonFriday.D．Handinyourformafterthefirstweek.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Changesinyourclassschedulemaybemade...Youmustgettheinstructor’ssignaturetochangeclasses.可知，換課需要得到教師的簽字。BKendrickLamar,whowasbornonJune17,1987inpton,California,haswonthe2018PulitzerPrizeforMusic.Heisthefirstwinnerwhoisnotaclassicalorjazzmusician.ColumbiaUniversityawardsthemusicprizeseachyear,whichareagreathonor.Lamaralsogot$15，000.FarahGriffin,ateacherattheschool,wasinthegroupthatpickedLamar’salbum(專輯)forthePulitzerPrize.“It’sbigforhiphop(嘻哈音樂).Ithinkit’salsobigforourcountryandformusic，”shesaid.“Butit’sbigforthePulitzerPrize,too.”Lamar’salbumiscalled“DAMN”，whichincludeswordsthatadultsmaynotwantkidstohear.Heusesrhymestotellstoriesaboutblacklife.Hissongsareaboutrace,socialjustice(正義)andproblemswithpolice.Buttheyarealsoaboutloveandhope.Musicexpertslovethealbum.Musicbuyersdo,too.ThatissomethingnewaspastPulitzerPrizewinnershavebeenlovedbyexperts,buttheyhavenotalwayssoldalotofalbums.Griffinsaidshethoughtsomepeople“wouldn’tliketheidea”ofgivingtheprizetoarapper.Shethoughtsomemightbeangry.Butshewassurprised.“Ihaven’theardalotofthat，”shesaid.ReginaCarterwasalsointhegroupthatpickedthealbum.“Ifaworkisgreatenough,youcan’tdenyit，”shesaid.ThefirstPulitzerPrizesweregivenin1917,andmusicstartedtobehonoredin1943.AwardsusedtogoonlytowritersofclassicalmusicbecauseitismoreformalanditcamefromEurope.ThePulitzerPrizeshavenotalwayshonoredAfrican-Americanmusicians.Somewantedtogiveaspecialprizein1965toDukeEllington,whowasagreatjazzartist,buthedidnotgetaPulitzer.Aprizedidnotgotoajazzworkuntil1997.Thereisnowmorepopularmusicamongtheprizes.Lin-ManuelMirandawrotethehiphopmusical“Hamilton”andhewonthePulitzerPrizeforDrama(戲劇)in2016.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了在2018年獲得普利策音樂獎(jiǎng)的說(shuō)唱歌手——肯德里克·拉馬爾。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutLamarfromthetext?A．Heputouthisfirstalbumin2018.B．HelearnedhiphopfromFarahGriffin.C．HeisagraduateofColumbiaUniversity.D．HehasmadehistorybywinningaPulitzerPrize.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Heisthefirstwinnerwhoisnotaclassicalorjazzmusician.可知，肯德里克·拉馬爾是第一個(gè)榮獲普利策音樂獎(jiǎng)的說(shuō)唱歌手，所以他創(chuàng)造了歷史。5．WhatisspecialaboutLamar’salbum“DAMN”？A．Itisabadseller.B．Itisgivenagreathonor.C．Itisunacceptedbyadults.D．Itaimstotellhisownstories.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，肯德里克·拉馬爾的專輯“DAMN”不僅獲得了專家的認(rèn)可，而且在市場(chǎng)上非常暢銷，由此可知，人們非常認(rèn)可他的專輯。6．WhatmadeGriffinsurprised?A．Othermusicexperts’opposition.B．Somepeoplebeingangrywithrappers.C．People’sattitudetowardLamar’swinning.D．ReginaCarternotwantingtopick“DAMN”．C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Griffin以為讓一位說(shuō)唱歌手獲得普利策音樂獎(jiǎng)會(huì)使有些人生氣，但是事實(shí)并非如此，大家對(duì)他獲獎(jiǎng)一事持支持態(tài)度，這讓Griffin很驚訝。7．WhydidtheauthormentionLin-ManuelMiranda?A．Tospeakhighlyofhiphopmusicians.B．Tointroduceaworld-famouspopularstar.C．ToshowthePulitzerPrizehaschangedovertime.D．TopresentthewinnerofthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Awardsusedtogoonlytowritersofclassicalmusic及Thereisnowmorepopularmusicamongtheprizes...wonthePulitzerPrizeforDrama(戲劇)in2016.可知，以前的普利策音樂獎(jiǎng)都是頒給古典樂的，而隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步，越來(lái)越多的流行音樂也獲此殊榮，作者提到創(chuàng)作嘻哈音樂的Lin-ManuelMiranda獲得普利策戲劇獎(jiǎng)是為了說(shuō)明普利策獎(jiǎng)在隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步而變化。CEarlychildhoodisthebestpossibletimetolearnasecondlanguage.Childrenwhoexperiencetwolanguagesfrombirthtypicallybeenativespeakersofboth.Butthequestionremains:Isitconfusingforbabiestolearntwolanguagesatthesametime?MypartnersandIrecentlystudiedthebrainprocessingoflanguagesoundsin11-month-oldbabiesfrommonolingual(Englishonly)andbilingual(Spanish-English)homes.Wefoundsomekeydifferencesbetweenbabiesraisedinmonolingualversusbilingualhomes.At11monthsofage,justbeforemostbabiesbegintosaytheirfirstwords,thebrainrecordingsshowedthat:BabiesfrommonolingualEnglishhouseholdsarespecializedtoprocess(處理)thesoundsofEnglish,andnotthesoundsofSpanish,anunfamiliarlanguage.BabiesfrombilingualSpanish-Englishhouseholdsarespecializedtoprocessthesoundsofbothlanguages,SpanishandEnglish.Ourfindingsshowthatbabies’brainsbeesensitivetowhateverlanguageorlanguagestheyhearfromtheircaregivers.Amonolingualbrainbeessensitivetothesoundsofonelanguage,andabilingualbrainbeessensitivetothesoundsoftwolanguages.By11monthsofage,theactivityinthebabybrainreflectsthelanguageorlanguagesthattheyhavebeenexposedto.Itisnowunderstoodthattheconstantneedtoshift(轉(zhuǎn)移)attentionbetweenlanguagesleadstoseveralcognitive(認(rèn)知的)advantages.Researchhasfoundthatbilingualadultsandchildrenshowanimprovedexecutivefunctioningofthebrain—thatis,theyareabletoshiftattention,switchbetweentasksandsolveproblemsmoreeasily.Thereisevidencethatbeingbilingualmakesthelearningofathirdlanguageeasier.Further,theeffectsoftwo-languageexperiencearethoughttotranslateintoprotectiveeffectsagainstcognitivedeclinewithagingandtheattackofAlzheimer’sdisease.So,ifyouwantyourchildtoknowmorethanonelanguage,it’sbesttostartatanearlyage,beforetheyevenstartspeakingtheirfirstlanguage.Itwon’tconfuseyourchild,anditcouldevenhelphim/herimproveotherformsofcognition.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。兒童時(shí)期是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的最佳時(shí)期，但是同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)兩種語(yǔ)言會(huì)產(chǎn)生混淆嗎？8．Whatdoesthestudyonthe11-month-oldbabiesmainlyshowus?A．Babiescanlearnlanguagesasearlyaselevenmonthsold.B．Babiesareabletoreacttothesoundsofdifferentlanguages.C．Babiesrefusetoprocessanunfamiliarlanguage.D．Babiesaregiftedinlanguagelearning.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的BabiesfrommonolingualEnglishhouseholds...anunfamiliarlanguage.及BabiesfrombilingualSpanish-Englishhouseholds...SpanishandEnglish.可知，研究表明，孩子能夠處理他們平時(shí)經(jīng)常接觸到的不同語(yǔ)言，而對(duì)不常接觸到的語(yǔ)言則不能夠做出反應(yīng)。9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Bilingualchildrenmayhavebetterlearningabilitythanbilingualadults.B．Learninganewlanguagecanhelpcurecognitivedecline.C．Bilingualchildrencanfocusononetaskforlong.D