熾熱如火的愛(ài)情天壤之別的命運(yùn)-從女性主義角度對(duì)比分析《紅樓夢(mèng)》與《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中的婚姻觀

PAGEFieryLove,TotallyDifferentFate—TheComparativeAnalysisofMarriageinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudicefromFeministPerspectivePAGEIIIAbstractNowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,scienceandtechnologyinoursociety,peoplehavedifferentperceptionsofthings.Therefore,people’slifestylesandvaluesarechangedaccordingly.Nomatterhowthevalueschange,thetopicofmarriagehasalwaysbeenthefocusofthepublic.Inthe21stcentury,manyyoungpeoplepursuefreelove,theymaintainakindofpassionandyearnforlove,buttherearestillmanypeoplewillingtoobeytheirparentsandgiveuptheirinsistenceonlove.Onthesubjectofmarriage,somepeoplebelievethatloveisthekeytogetmarried;othersbelievethattheeconomicfoundationdeterminesthesuperstructure,andmostmarriagesofnofortuneareunfortunate.ThisarticlecomparesandanalyzesthecharactersinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudice,andthensummarizesthesimilaritiesbetweenChineseandwesternviewsonmarriage:theimportanceofeconomicstatusandtheinequalityofmaleandfemalestatus.Thedifferencesarethefreechoiceinthemarriage,thestandardsofchoosingspouseandthepurposesofthemarriage.AndthenittracestherootsofthedifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountries:differentreligiousbeliefs,differentsocialbackgroundsanddifferentculturalideas.ThecomparativestudyofthesetwoworkscannotonlymakereadersunderstandthemarriagebetweenChineseandwesterncultureclearly,buthelpthemtogetridoftheoutdatedconceptofmarriage,inspiringthemtofindmorewaystoreformideasandcreateaharmonioussocialistsociety.Keywords:ViewsonMarriage;Feminism;ADreamofRedMansions;PrideandPrejudice摘要當(dāng)今社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技快速發(fā)展，人們對(duì)事物有著不同的認(rèn)知,為此人們的生活方式、價(jià)值觀念也隨之變化。但是無(wú)論怎樣變化，婚姻這個(gè)話題一直成為大眾的焦點(diǎn)。在21世紀(jì)的今天，許多年輕人追求自由戀愛(ài)，他們對(duì)于愛(ài)情保持著激情與向往，然而也有許多人遵從父母之愿，放棄了他們對(duì)于愛(ài)情的那一份堅(jiān)持。關(guān)于婚姻的這個(gè)話題，有些人認(rèn)為愛(ài)情才是通往婚姻大門(mén)的鑰匙，也有人認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的婚姻是不幸的。本文主要是從女性主義角度出發(fā)，通過(guò)對(duì)比分析《紅樓夢(mèng)》與《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》這兩部作品中的幾個(gè)主人公的婚姻觀，進(jìn)而對(duì)比總結(jié)出中西方婚姻觀相同點(diǎn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的重要性和男女地位的不平等；不同點(diǎn)：婚姻選擇自由度，擇偶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，結(jié)婚目的。并且在本文中還對(duì)婚姻觀不同的根源進(jìn)行了研究。主要體現(xiàn)在以下三方面：宗教信仰的不同，社會(huì)背景的不同，文化思想的不同。本文的研究目的是對(duì)當(dāng)代人們選擇婚姻的態(tài)度提供參考價(jià)值以及引導(dǎo)作用。中西方的婚姻文化，還有利于幫助他們改掉過(guò)時(shí)的婚姻觀念，進(jìn)而激勵(lì)他們找到更多的方式去改革婚姻觀念，進(jìn)而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)主義社會(huì)。關(guān)鍵詞:婚姻觀；女性主義；《紅樓夢(mèng)》；《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》ContentsIntroduction 1ChapterOneBriefContentoftheStudyandTwoWorks1.1PurposeoftheStudy 31.2BriefContentofADreamofRedMansions 31.3BriefIntroductionofPrideandPrejudice 4ChapterTwoFeminisminLiterature2.1Definition 62.2FeminisminADreamofRedMansions 72.3FeminisminPrideandPrejudice 9ChapterThreeTheInterpretationofMarriagesinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudicefromFeministPerspective3.1InterpretationofThreeMarriagesinADreamofRedMansionsfromFeministPerspective 123.1.1JiaBaoyuandLinDaiyu—Love-basedMarriageundertheFeudalSociety 錯(cuò)誤!未定義書(shū)簽。3.1.2JiaBaoyuandXueBaochai—PragmaticMarriageundertheFeudalSociety 143.1.3JiaLianandYouErjie—Beauty-basedMarriageundertheFeudalSociety 163.2InterpretationofFiveMarriagesinPrideandPrejudicefromFeministPerspective 173.2.1CharlotteandCollins—TraditionalMarriageofProfit 183.2.2LydiaandWickham—ImpulsiveSexMarriage 203.2.3Mr.BennetandMrs.Bennet—TraditionalViewonMarriage 213.2.4JaneandBentley—TransitionalBlissfulMarriagefromTraditiontoModernity 223.2.5ElizabethandDarcy—TheIdealMarriageinModernTimes 23ChapterFourComparisonofChineseandWesternMarriagefromFeministPerspective4.1SimilarityofMarriagebetweenChinaandWesternCountries 264.1.1ImportanceofEconomicStatus 264.1.2InequalityofofMale’sandFemale’sStatus 274.2DifferencesofMarriagebetweenChinaandWesternCountries 294.2.1FreeChoiceofMarriage 294.2.2StandardsofChoosingSpouse 304.2.3PurposesofMarriage 314.3RootsofMarriageDifferencebetweenChinaandWesternCountries 324.3.1DifferentReligiousBeliefs 334.3.2DifferentSocialBackgrounds 334.3.3DifferentCulturalIdeas 34Conclusion 36Bibliography 38Acknowledgements 40PAGE37IntroductionInthe18thcentury,Chinawasafeudalautocraticsocietythatcapitalisthassproutandfeudalismhasgraduallydeclined,butshewasstillinadominantposition,whilethewesterncountrieswereinaperiodofrapiddevelopmentofcapitalismanddeathoffeudalism.Thesetwodifferentsocialexistencesgavebirthtodifferentviewsonmarriage.CaoXueqinisarealisticwriterinthe18thcenturyandsoJaneAustenis.TheirmasterpiecesADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudicearewidelycirculatedintheworld.Themaincharactersinthetwoworkssharedthesamechoiceinmarriage,buttheysuffereddifferentfate.Bothofthetwoworksfullyrevealedfeminism,andatthattimewomen’sstatusinsocietyhadagreatinfluenceonthewayofcommunicationbetweenmenandwomenandtheviewofloveandmarriage.Thetwoauthors’thoughtsoffeminismprovidedanimportantideologicalbasisfortheirworks.Basedonthesocialbackgroundofmaleculturesupremacyatthatperiod,menwereinastrongpositionandthesocietywasfulloftoomanyrituals.Inthisway,twoliteraryworkswhichbasedondifferentbackgroundsexpressedtheirviewsonthemarriageandlove.Inthepreviousstudies,manyscholarshadconductedstudiesindepthonthesetwoworks.However,mostofthestudiesspecializedinthefiguresinthetwoworkssuchas“TheEternalTragedyofBeauty-TheComparisonofHeroineinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudice”whichwerewrittenbyLiangXue(2011)andwerepublishedinJournalofHarbininstitute.In2012,GuYinghua(2012)publishedasimilarstoryinTheTimesLiteraturewhichwasnamed“ThesamepersonalitytraitsandDifferentLifePattern--TheCross-culturalComparisonsinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudice”.Butthesetwoworksarerarelyanalyzedfromfeministperspectiveandcomparedthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwoviews.Therefore,thispaperputstwoworkstogetherandcomparesthemtoshowdifferencesofthemarriagebetweenChineseandwesterncountries.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatefrequently.ItishopedthatthesefindingswillhelptoenhanceourunderstandingofChineseandwesternmarriagesandreducesomeobstaclescausedbyculturaldifferencesinChineseandwesterncommunication.Althoughthetimesthatdescribedintheworksarefarawayfromus,theystillhaveanimpactonourmodernmarriageandlove.ChapterOneBriefContentoftheStudyandTwoWorksThischapterwillgiveabriefsummaryofthecontentsinthispaper.ThenitwillbrieflysummarizethetwoworksADreamofRedMansions,PrideandPrejudiceandtheauthorsoftheirworks.1.1PurposeoftheStudyStartingfromthedirectionofmarriageinthetwoworks,thischapterwillusethemethodoftextanalysistocomparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwoworksfromfeministperspective,thencomparethemarriageviewsbetweenChinaandwesterncountries,andanalyzethecausesofdifferentmarriageviews.1.2BriefContentofADreamofRedMansionsADreamofRedMansionsisaliterarymasterpiecewrittenbyChinesewriterCaoXueqinafterherpainstakingeffortfortenyears.ADreamofRedMansionswaswritteninpovertyafterCaoXueqinwentbankrupt.Accordingtohisownaccount,hewrotethebookbasedontheprosperousolddreamshehadexperiencedinNanjing.BecausehewaslivinginthewesternsuburbofBeijing,hewasinapositionofmediocrity.Somedayherecalledalltheyounggirlsinthefamilyandfeltthattheirinsightfarmorethanhimself.Hecannothelpbutdeeplyregretandhewrotethiswork.ADreamofRedMansionsshowsabroadsocialbackgroundanddepictstheworldlycustomsofChinesesocietyatthattimebyportrayingmorethan400lifelikecharacterscarefully.ThisliterarymasterpieceisagreatimprovementonthewritinglevelofChineseclassicalnovelsanditiswidelyknowninChina.ThebookADreamofRedMansionsappearedduringthe“QianlongProsperousPeriod”oftheQingDynasty.Thesocialseemedtobepeacefulatthattime,infact,allkindsofcontradictionswereintensifyinganddevelopingandthewholedynastyhadreachedaturningpointthatitarrivedaheightanddeclined.Itreflectsthecharacteristicsofthiseracomprehensivelyandprofoundlybytheauthor’sdetaileddescription.ADreamofRedMansionstooktheloveandmarriagetragedyamongthearistocraticyouthJiaBaoyu,LinDaiyuandXueBaochaiasthemainline.However,thesocialsignificanceofthenovelliesinthatitdidnotonlydescribethislovetragedy,buttookthisasthecenter.Theauthorwrotetheprocessofsurvivalanddeathonthisrepresentativefeudalfamilyatthattime,anditaimedtoreflectthesocialchange.InthehistoryofancientChineseliterature,nearlynoonecanwriteatragedyofloveasexcitingasADreamofRedMansions.Thetitleofthenovel,aswellasthepoems,songsandeventhenamesofpeopleinthisworkseemedtohaveprofoundmeaningswhicharousethereaders’endlessreflection.1.3BriefIntroductionofPrideandPrejudiceJaneAustenwasunmarriedandwelloff.Therewasnoimportantsocialcontradictioninherworksbecauseshewaslivinginruralthatlivingenvironmentwasquietandcomfortableandshewasexposedtomiddleandsmalllandlords,priests.Shetrulydepictedtheworldaroundher,especiallythemarriageandlovebetweengentlemenandladiesthroughusinghermeticulousobservation.Austenisanoutstandingmoralist.Sheeducatedreadersthroughhernovelsinaprudentandthoughtfulway.Shealwayseducatedandamusedherreadersratherthanpreachedinhernovels,thusletreadersgetfunnyandedificationfromtheparadoxicalandridiculoustalkandthecounterproductivebehavior.Althoughherworkreflectslimitedbreadthanddepth,itpeeksthroughasmallwindowintothewholesocietyandplaysagoodroleinchangingtheatmosphereinthecreationofnovelsatthattime.JaneAustenisregardedasawriterofequalstatuswithShakespeare.JaneAustenisoneoftheworld’sfamousfemalewriters;sheisa“smallpainter”anda“familynovelist”betweenneo-classicismandthelyricismoftheRomanticMovement.ThenoveltellsthelovestoryofElizabethBennet.Herworkwasbasedondailylifeandopposedtothecontentofthesentimentalnovelthatwaspopularinthesocietyatthattimeandtheartificialwritingmethod.ItvividlyreflectsthelifeandhumanfeelingsinEnglishvillagesandtownsinaconservativeandclosedstatefromtheendofthe18thcenturytothebeginningofthe19thcentury.People’sthoughtsandliveswerestillconservativeinBritishsocietyatthattime.Womenblindlyacceptedwiththemananditpromotedtheideaofinferiorityofmen.Thefactthatwomencanonlybesubordinatedtomenandtheinvisibleauthorityofmalehasledwomentobelievethattheirlivesshouldbecenteredontheirhusbandsandchildrenandtheymustdevotethemselvestothefamily.InPrideandPrejudice,differentimagesofwomenarecreated,butthecommoncharacteristicisthatmarriagehasbecometheonlywayforwomentobehappy.Althoughthestatusofwomenislow,afewwomenarenotwillingtoadmitthestatus.Theyexpressedtheirstrongdissatisfactiontothesecularsocietythroughtheirownefforts.ChapterTwoFeminisminLiteratureThischaptergivesdetailedinformationaboutfeminismanditexpressesthefeminisminADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudice.2.1DefinitionFeminismisakindofideologicalproposalthatfemaleobserveandexaminetheideaofanything,itisakindofalliancebasedontheanti-patriarchalpoliticalinterests,itisasumofwomen’swayofthinkingandbehaviorinthespecialpoliticalgoals.Thebackgroundisthesocialrealityofpatriarchy.Inthe“patriarchy”world,womenwereexcludedfromthepoliticalandeconomicpowersystemandbecamealmostnoowners,andmustbeattachedtothemaletosurviveanddevelop.Intheendofthe18thcentury,Franceraisedthebanneroftherevolutionandthebourgeoisenlightenmentthinkershadputforwardthetheoryofhumannature,whichis“humane”against“Shinto”andadvocateequality,freedom,andfraternity.Womenwhohaveawakenedhavebegunthefeministmovementforequalfreedom.“Allmenandwomenareequalbeforethelaw,”saidArupdeGujwhoisthefamousFrenchrevolutionistinTheDeclarationofFeminismin1797.Thisisthefirstdeclarationoftherightsofwomeninhumanhistory.Thefeministpioneer,Woolf,believesthathumansocietywasapatriarchalsociety,andwomencouldbeliberatediftheculturalawarenessofpatriarchycanberemoved.TheFrenchfeminist,SimondeBeauvoir(2014)pointedoutthat“awomanformthewholeofhumancultureratherthanborninnature,andtheso-called“female”producebetweenthemenandasexualinthebookTheSecondSex.Feministtheoryisroughlydividedintoseveralfactions,butthecoreoffeministthoughtisprotestingagainsttheenslavementofwomeninthepatriarchalsociety,itisstressedthatwomenshouldhaveequalrightsandstatuswithmen,theyshouldnotbelimitedbymalesociety,andshouldtaketheirbesttoestimatetheexistencevalueofherself,correcttheirrationalityoftheexistingpatriarchalsociety,establishandimprovetheirsocialstatus.Sincethemiddleofthe19thcentury,feminismhasbeeninfusedintothefieldsofsocial,cultural,political,economicandhistoricalwhichgreatlyenrichedthespiritualandculturallifeofmankind.2.2FeminisminADreamofRedMansionsAlthoughfeminismisintroduced,ithasitsownoriginalsoilinChina.ThroughoutthehistoryofthefeudalsocietyinChina,themale-centeredfeudalsystemheldwomentightlyinthenarrowfamilycircleintherespectsofpolitics,economy,culture,marriageandfamily.Thegendersystemhasmadegreatinfluenceonthenovelcreation.RomanceofThreeKingdoms,WaterMarginandPilgrimagetotheWestwereallbasedonthemaleperspective.Itrepresentsthetraditionaldirectionofmaleliteraturecreationanditistheproductofthepatriarchy-centeredculture.Thefemaleimagesinthenovelwereshapedaccordingtotheman’sideal,andthesocietydidnotprovidethecorrespondingsoilforthem.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theywillinevitablyfallintothestatusof“secondsex”andbecomevassalsofmen.Withthedevelopmentofcommercialeconomyandpersonalityliberationthoughts,thecitizensoftheemergingclasswereawareofwoman’srightsanddignityasaperson.Themalescholarsweredevelopingtheirviewsonwomen,andtheygraduallydeepenedtheirexcavationoffemaleconsciousnesswiththedevelopmentofsociety.HeighteningtheconsciousnessofthestatusofwomenhasbecomeanundercurrentinMingandQingdynasty.ThisprovidedanopportunityfortheemergenceofthefeminisminADreamofRedMansions.ThetraditionalthinkingandwritinghavebeenbrokenbythepublishmentofADreamofRedMansions.OneofthewritingpurposesofADreamofRedMansionsistopraisewomen.CaoXueqinfirstputtheperspectiveonwoman’sdailylife,thendescribedeverycharactercarefullywhichincludesancestors,GrannyLiu,maidandservantindifferentlevels,andgavetheirrespectivelivingspace,lifevalueandsignificance.ThefeminisminADreamofRedMansionsfocusedonthelovelifeofyoungmenandwomenonthebasisofmutualloveandunderstanding,andshowedthedestiniesofwomenfromtheperspectiveofmarriage.ThelovetragedyamongJiaBaoyu,LinDaiyuandXueBaochaiisthemainthread,whichisinterspersedwiththeunfortunateexperiencesofmanywomen,andalmosteveryone’sfateisrelatedtomarriage.Theauthorputwomeninanequalstatuswithmen,depictedthatyoungmenandwomenwasstrugglingtopursueloveandsacrifice.LinDaiyuisabeautiful,sentimentalandsuspiciousimage.Shehasastrongsenseofprideandrebelliousspirit.Thereisastrongsenseofself-respectinhercharacter,anditistheinevitablereactionofherdesireforloveandmarriage.Herfeministideaofmarriagewasfirstreflectedinherpoem“Thefivebeautifulsongs”,andexpressedtheideasofcommoninterestsandequalitybetweenhusbandandwife.Shelistenedattentivelytoheremotionalcall,yearnedforahappyandfreelife.ThelovebetweenLinDaiyuandJiaBaoyuisduetothecompanionshipinchildhoodandthecommongoalintheyouth.Engelshassuchanexpositiononlove:“first,loveisbasedonthemutualloveofthebeloved,andinthisrespect,womenareinequalstatuswithmen.Secondly,sexoftenreachessuchlevelofintenseandpersistent,andbothsidescantakeabigriskandgivetheirlivesuntiltheycanbecombined”.(Engels,1892)Inthegrandsightgarden,LinDaiyuwaslonely,andmanypeoplewerestrugglefortheirownindependentandfreelove.InordertoresisttheforcedmarriageofJiaShe,YuanYanghaskeptherpuritytowintheindependenceofmarriage.YouSanjiehadherownopinionsaboutmarriagethat“aslongasIchooseagoodperson,Iwillgowithhim.Ifyouchooseforme,IwillnotagreewithhimeventhoughthemanisrichandlookslikebetterthanPanAn“.SiQiwantedtomarryhercousinPan,whowantedtobethemasterofherowndestiny.ThebookADreamofRedMansionsexpressesthemarriageviewsthattaketheimportanceontheequalitybetweenmenandwomenandregardsthecommoninterestsasthefoundation.ItisamilestoneonmarriageinthehistoryofChineseliterature.2.3FeminisminPrideandPrejudiceIntheendofthe18thcenturyandthebeginningofthe19thcentury,itwasatraditionalconservativepatriarchalsocietyinBritain.Nomatterineconomy,societyorfamily,womenisattachedtomen.Therefore,womenreceivedwidespreaddiscrimination.Withthewesternfeministconsciousnessawakening,manywomenwritersinmiddleclassbegantotalkaboutunfairtreatmentonwomeninliterarywaytoagainsttheruleofthepatriarchalsociety.JaneAustencreatedtheBritishfeminism.Herworksfullyaffirmtheequalitybetweenmenandwomenfromthefeministperspective,andbelievethatwomenshouldnotonlyhavethesameintelligenceasmen,buthavetheirownindependentthinking.Austenalsobelievesthatknowledgeisimportanttowomenasmen.InPrideandPrejudice,Darcyexpressedclearlythatawomanmusthaveknowledgeofmusic,singing,drawing,dancing,andshemustimprovehermindbyextensivereading.Austen’sworkawakensthelong-dormantfeministconsciousnessthathasbroughtBritishfeminismtotheforehalfacenturyearlier.Austenconstructedtheconceptofmarriageandloveoffeministconsciousnesswhilecriticizingthemarriageviewthatcenteredonmaleconsciousness.Shearguedthatacombinationofmoneyandstatuswithouttheirloveisunhappyandimmoral.Sheemphasizedthefeelingsofwomeninaromanticmarriage,emphasizedthatbothmenandwomenshouldunderstandeachotherandrespecteachother.InPrideandPrejudice,Elizabethwasawareofhersituation:shewasnotborninanoblefamilyandshehasnogorgeousbeauty,butshehasherownindependentthoughts.Shewasnotregardtheideaofmarryingarichhusbandasagoalbutshewantedtoprocessalovethatbasedonequality,freedom,mutualunderstandingandrespect.Collinswastheinheritorofherfamily’slegacy,andiftheywereabletocombine,itwouldbeinlinewiththesocialrulesatthattime.ButElizabethrefusedwithouthesitation.HerdifferentattitudestowardstheproposalofDarcyreflectedthewoman’spursuitofindependentandequalrights.Darcypouredouthisaffectionforherandexpressedalotofinsolencewhenheproposedtoher.Elizabethflatlyrefused.Elizabethbelievedthatmarriageshouldbebasedonequalityandmutualrespect,andthatitwasashameforhertobeobedient.Herbehaviorisachallengetothemarriagesystem.Shedidnotclingtootherpeopleformoneyandstatus,whichwasaperfectreflectionofherstrongself-esteemandfeministconsciousness.HeshowedanewmarriageviewthatahappymarriagemustbebasedonanequalloveandmutualrespectthroughthemarriagebetweenElizabethandDarcy.Atthattime,Britainwasalsoatypicalpatriarchalsocietywithdistinctsocialclasses,andmarriagenaturallybecameanimportantmeanstoconsolidatetheeconomic,politicalandsocialstatusofthefamily.Inordertoconsolidatetheirpoliticalstatusandensurethemaximizationofeconomicinterests,marriageisaninevitablechoice.Therefore,inPrideandPrejudice,LadyCatherinewasdeterminedtosetherdaughterandDarcytogether,andforcedElizabethtoleaveDarcy.ThecoupleofBennetmarriageisalsooneofthemostcommonpileatthattime,thewomanwanttogetman’sancestralestate,themanhookedwoman’sdowryforthewholeeconomy.ThemarriagebetweenCollinsandCharlottearealsopurelymonetary.ThemarriageviewofCollinsisfollowingthepopularmarriageideas:“asinglemanwithpropertymustmarryawife--itisatruth.”Charlotte,however,isveryrealisticaboutthemarriage.Forayoungwomanwithgoodeducationbutnotmuchproperty,marriageistheonlydecentway.LinDaiyuandElizabeth,thetwocharactersarepermeatingthedesireforequality,freedomandindependentpersonality.Theirsimilarfaterevealstheawakeningfeministconsciousnessanditisthefoundationofwomen’spursuitofcompletelyfreedom.CaoXueqinandAustinhavepointedouttheidealmarriageconceptforushundredsofyearsago.Withtheprogressofhistory,humanhaveanewviewpointonlove.Thestudyoftheviewsonmarriageintheirworksstillhasstrongpracticalsignificance:marriageshouldbebasedonlove,andmarriagewithoutlovewillnotbehappy.Trueloveismutualrespectandmutualaffection. ChapterThreeInterpretationofMarriagesinADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudicefromFeministPerspectiveInthepreviouschapters,ithadmentionedthestudymethodsofthispaper.ThispaperwaswrittenfromfeministperspectiveandadoptedtextanalysismethodonthebookADreamofRedMansionsandPrideandPrejudice.Thischaptermainlyintroducestheinterpretationofmarriagesintwoworks.3.1InterpretationofThreeMarriagesinADreamofRedMansionsfromFeministPerspectiveItdepictsagroupofbeautifulyouthandfeudalnobleladies,suchasLinDaiyu,XueBaochai,andShiXiangyunandsoon.Theyoftenwritelyricspoetry,painting,managethefinance.Butitisthegroupofbrilliantgirlswhosemarriagesendedintragedy.JiaYuanchun,this“pomegranate”finaldiedinthelonelypalace.JiaYingchunmarriedaperfidiouspersonandfinallydiedbecauseoftheabuseofSunShaozu.JiaTanchunhadloftyideasbutintheendshemarriedfarawayfromherhome.JiaXichunwitnessedthetragediesofthegirlsinherhome,movedtoliveinthetempleandsleptwiththeoldBuddha.Themarriageofthesetalentedgirlshasendedintragedy,butamongallthetragedies,thesaddestpersonisLinDaiyu.3.1.1JiaBaoyuandLinDaiyu—Love-basedMarriageundertheFeudalSocietyLoveisacharmingandconspicuousword.Mr.FromeinAmericapointedoutthatpeoplebelongtodifferenttimesandthepeoplefromdifferentculturesarefacingthesameproblem:howtoovercomeloneliness,howtocombinethemtogether,howtotranscendpersonallivesandfindacommonharmoniouslife.Thebirthofloveisbasedonthisneed.Themarriagebasedonloveisthemostidealformofmarriagethatbothmenandwomenwerecompatibleandlike-minded.InADreamofRedMansions,LinDaiyuandJiaBaoyu,YouSanjieandLiuXianglianarethelove-basedmarriage.InPrideandPrejudice,ElizabethandDarcy,JaneandBingleyarethelove-basedmarriage.ThelovebetweenLinDaiyuandJiaBaoyuwasnotfellinloveatfirstsight,butexperiencedaprocessofacquaintance.JiaBaoyuandLinDaiyuhadtheearliestandclosestcontact.Moreimportantly,LinDaiyunevertalkedtoBaoyuabout“officialcareereconomy”.Intheintercourse,thetwopeoplehavereachedthespiritualconnectionandestablishedpurelove.Thelovebetweenthemisnotbasedonthecommonworldlyloveof“judgingbyappearances”superficially.TheloveamongBaoyu,DaiyuandBaochaiisthemainthreadofthebook,whichembodiestheauthor’sviewsonmarriage.Inthisrelationship,LinDaiyu’stragedyisthatthereisloveandnomarriagebetweenthem.XueBaochai’stragedyisthatthereismarriagewithoutlove.LinDaiyuneverpursuitthefameandfortuneunderthefeudalsocietyandsheneverpersuadeBaoyutopursuethese.Itiscommonsensethatsamevaluesestablishedasolidfoundationfortheirlove.Thetwowerebosomfriendsandkneweachothersothattheyloveeachother.However,thelovewasnotacceptedbythefeudalparents.AstheonlygrandchildofthemotherJia,whenshefirstgotintotheJia,shegotcherishfromthemotherJia.ButDaiyuisbrilliant,self-pursuitandshealwaysextendingindividuality.Herparentsdiedintheearlytime,thesponsorlifemadehersensitiveandoversuspicious,andshebecameagirlwithoutasenseofsecuritybecauseherfeelingsofBaoyu.SinceshecametotheJia,shehasgotatitleofsolitaryindividual.Finally,itwasthemotherJiawhocausedthetragedyofDaiyu’slove.3.1.2JiaBaoyuandXueBaochai—PragmaticMarriageundertheFeudalSocietyInthebookADreamofRedMansions,themarriagebetweenXueBaochaiandJiaBaoyuisregardedas“goldenfateofmarriage”.AccordingtotherulersoftheJia,XueBaochaiisnotonlybeautifulinappearanceandrareincharacter,butalsorichinwealth.Theupperrulers,lowerservantsandeventhelittlegirlsarealllikeher.XueBaochaihasatalentformanagingherfamily,andshehelpedJiaTanchuntomakeuseoftheproductioninthegardentoincreaseherincome.Underhermanagement,everyoneinthegrandsightgardenallcommendedheranditwasalsoextendedtheJia’sincome.SotheparentschoseherforJiaBaoyubecauseofthefamilyinterests.FromtheviewofXueBaochai,JiaBaoyuisthebestpersontobeahusbandinthehopelesssituation.Jiabaoyuishandsomeandgentle.Althoughhelikestostaywithgirls,heisnotahypocritelakeJiaZheng,JiaLianandJiaRong.ThefeudalparentsrepresentedbythemotherJ