2022-2023學(xué)年北京市亦莊實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期中英語試題（解析版）

北京亦莊實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2021級(jí)高二及2019級(jí)直升高二第5學(xué)段英語教與學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷總分：100分第一部分詞匯（共18分）一、用方框內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（共10分，每題1分）選詞填空informativeattainrefillforecastthreaten1.Thereport__________thatpriceswillriseby3%nextmonth.2.Mostofthestudents__________five“A”gradesintheirfinalexams.3.Makesurethatthebottleiscompletelyemptybeforeit__________.4.Peoplearebecomingmoreawareofthedangers__________theenvironment.5.Iamafaithfulreaderofthisnewspaperbecauseitismuch__________thanothers.【答案】1.forecasts2.attained3.isrefilled4.threatening5.moreinformative【解析】【1題詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)下個(gè)月物價(jià)將上漲3%。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“預(yù)報(bào)”應(yīng)為forecast，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，所以此處使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，forecast與句子主語thereport之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填forecasts。【2題詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生在期末考試中得了五個(gè)“A”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“獲得”應(yīng)為attain，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語intheirfinalexams可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，attain與句子主語Mostofthestudents之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填attained?！?題詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在重新裝瓶之前，要確保瓶子完全空了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“重裝”應(yīng)為refill，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞make和is可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，refill與句子主語it之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且句子主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填isrefilled。【4題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：人們?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到威脅環(huán)境的危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“威脅”應(yīng)為threaten，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，threaten與邏輯主語dangers之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填threatening?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我是這份報(bào)紙的忠實(shí)讀者，因?yàn)樗绕渌麍?bào)紙信息量大得多。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“信息量大的”為informative，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為形容詞作表語，根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填moreinformative。選詞填空sceneterrifyincredibleacademyembarrass6.Beingcaughtinafloodis__________dangerous.7.Hisignorantbehavioratthedinnertablecausedmuch__________.8.Beijingisfamousforits__________spotsthatattracttonsoftouristseachyear.9.Ihavetoplanmy__________workverycarefullyandsetmyselfcleargoalstogetmydegreeinchemistryatuniversity.10.Alotofcleverpeopleare__________aboutAI,fearingthatrobotswillonedaybecomesosmartthatthey’llmurderallofus.【答案】6.incredibly7.embarrassment8.scenic9.academic10.terrified【解析】【6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：被洪水困住是非常危險(xiǎn)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為副詞作狀語修飾形容詞dangerous，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“非常地”應(yīng)為形容詞incredible的副詞incredibly。故填incredibly。【7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他在餐桌上無知的行為使他很尷尬。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為名詞作賓語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“尷尬”應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞embarrass的名詞embarrassment，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故填embarrassment?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：北京以其風(fēng)景名勝而聞名，每年吸引大量的游客。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為形容詞作定語修飾名詞spots，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的”應(yīng)為名詞scene的形容詞scenic，scenicspots意為“旅游景點(diǎn)”符合句意。故填scenic。【9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我必須非常仔細(xì)地計(jì)劃我的學(xué)術(shù)工作，為自己設(shè)定明確的目標(biāo)，以便在大學(xué)獲得化學(xué)學(xué)位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為形容詞修飾名詞work，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“學(xué)術(shù)的”應(yīng)為名詞academy的形容詞academic。故填academic?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：許多聰明人對(duì)人工智能感到恐懼，擔(dān)心機(jī)器人有一天會(huì)變得如此聰明，以至于它們會(huì)殺死我們所有人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為形容詞作表語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“感到恐懼的”應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞terrify的形容詞terrified，beterrifiedabout意為“對(duì)……感到恐懼”符合句意。故填terrified。二、根據(jù)提示翻譯句子。（共8分，每題2分）11.如果我裝作沒有認(rèn)出你，不要驚訝。(pretend)(漢譯英)【答案】Don’tbesurprisedifIpretendnottorecognizeyou.【解析】【詳解】考查短語、時(shí)態(tài)、條件狀語從句和祈使句。“不要驚訝”用祈使句表示Don’tbesurprised；“如果”用連詞if，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；“裝作做某事”用短語pretendtodosth.；“認(rèn)出你”翻譯為recognizeyou。根據(jù)祈使句可知，if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故翻譯為Don’tbesurprisedifIpretendnottorecognizeyou.12.人笑能放松身上的肌肉，并且盡情大笑后，其影響能夠持續(xù)45分鐘。(漢譯英)【答案】Laughterrelaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.【解析】【詳解】考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語和狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述的為客觀事實(shí)，所以此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示“大笑”應(yīng)為laughter作主語，位于句首，首字母需大寫；表示“放松”應(yīng)為relax，與句子主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語為relaxes；表示“肌肉”應(yīng)為muscles作賓語；表示“其影響”指的是大笑后“降低肌張力”應(yīng)為decreasemuscletones在句子中作狀語，與邏輯主語laughter之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，即decreasingmuscletone，表示“持續(xù)45分鐘”應(yīng)為forupto45minutes，表示“盡情大笑后”應(yīng)為時(shí)間狀語從句，即afterthelaughdiesdown置于句尾。故翻譯為Laughterrelaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.13.但是和真正的社會(huì)損失相比，個(gè)人的憤怒和焦慮根本不值一提。(過去分詞短語作狀語)(漢譯英)【答案】Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)及非謂語動(dòng)詞。但是“but”，個(gè)人的憤怒和焦慮“personalangerandstress”，不值一提“benothing”，與......相比較“comparedto”，使用過去分詞短語作狀語，真正的社會(huì)損失“therealcostssocially”，陳述現(xiàn)階段所發(fā)生的的事情使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，but位于句首注意首字母要大寫，故翻譯為Butpersonalangerandstressarenothingcomparedtotherealcostssocially.14.顯然，人類活動(dòng)對(duì)地球上所有其他物種都產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，包括動(dòng)物和植物。(漢譯英)【答案】ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.【解析】【詳解】考查主語從句、動(dòng)詞和名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，所以主句應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，分析句意可知，此處應(yīng)為固定句型itisclearthat，意為“很顯然”，其中it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的為主語從句作真正的主語；表示“人類活動(dòng)”應(yīng)為humanactivity作從句的主語，表示“對(duì)其他物種產(chǎn)生了影響”應(yīng)為affectallotherspecies，結(jié)合句意，從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，affect與句子主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動(dòng)為hasaffectedtallotherspecies，表示“負(fù)面”應(yīng)為副詞negatively修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，置于助動(dòng)詞has之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞affected之前，表示“地球上”應(yīng)為onearth，表示“包括動(dòng)物和植物”應(yīng)為介詞短語includinganimalsandplants。故翻譯為ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.第二部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共25分）三、語法填空（共15分，每題1.5分）A閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inrecentyearsbigchangesabout“greenways”havetakenplaceinBeijing____15____residentscangetmoreexercisetobenefittheirownhealth,andpursueamorecarbon-freelifestyle.Atypicaloneisthe“ChaoyangGreenway”.Sofar,it____16____(cover)adistanceofaround10kilometersinBeijing’sChaoyangdistrict.Thepath____17____(combine)walkingandcyclingisanewandwelcomeaddition.Withthe“greenways”.Beijingbecomesagreenerandbetterplacetolivein.【答案】15.where16.hascovered17.combining【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京的“綠道”給人們所帶來的便利?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：近年來，北京的“綠道”發(fā)生了巨大變化，居民可以得到更多的鍛煉，有利于自己的健康，并追求更無碳的生活方式。句中先行詞為greenways，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用連接副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，它已經(jīng)覆蓋了北京朝陽區(qū)約10公里的距離。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sofar可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語是It，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填hascovered?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：結(jié)合步行和騎自行車的路徑是一個(gè)新的和受歡迎的增加。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞is，所以用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。名詞Thepath與combine之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填combining。B閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Canadiansareextremelyenthusiasticaboutrenewableenergy,andpublicopinionis____18____(clear)movingtowardsacleanenergyvisionforthefuture.Butwhenyoulookatthelatestpolls,therearestillsomemajorobstaclestoaggressiveclimateaction.You’ve____19____(probable)heardthatmostCanadianswantgovernmentstodomoreonclimate.That’swhattwo-thirdsofthepublictellpollsters(民意調(diào)查人)whenasked.Butthesametwo-thirdswilltellyouthey’reprettysatisfiedandthinkCanadaisdoingadecentjobdealingwithclimatechange.It’snotbecauseCanadiansaren’tworried.Threequartersofthepublicareconcernedandthelevelofworry____20____(rise)—halfofusnowdescribeclimatechangeasa“veryseriousthreat.”Butmostpeoplethinkwe’realreadypullingourweight.Just25percentofCanadiansthinkwe’redoinglessthanour“fairshare.”O(jiān)neofthereallyworryingtrendsinpublicopinionisthenumberofpeople____21____thinktacklingclimatechangeisalreadyalostcause.【答案】18.clearly19.probably20.isrising21.who【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了加拿大人對(duì)可再生能源非常熱情，公眾輿論顯然正朝著清潔能源的未來發(fā)展。但是，最新的民意調(diào)查顯示，積極的氣候行動(dòng)仍然存在一些主要障礙?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：加拿大人對(duì)可再生能源非常熱情，公眾輿論顯然正朝著清潔能源的未來發(fā)展?？崭裉幱酶痹~clearly修飾動(dòng)詞短語movingtowards，clearly意為“顯然”，故填clearly?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：你可能聽說過，大多數(shù)加拿大人希望政府在氣候問題上做得更多?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾動(dòng)詞heard，probable的副詞是probably，意為“可能”，故填probably。【20題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：四分之三的公眾對(duì)此感到擔(dān)憂，而且擔(dān)憂的程度正在上升——一半的人現(xiàn)在將氣候變化描述為“非常嚴(yán)重的威脅”。由halfofusnowdescribeclimatechangeasa“veryseriousthreat.”可知，句子表示“四分之三的公眾對(duì)此感到擔(dān)憂，而且擔(dān)憂的程度正在上升”，因此空格處的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語thelevelofworry是不可數(shù)名詞，因此空格處是isrising。故填isrising?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：公眾輿論中一個(gè)真正令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢(shì)是，越來越多的人認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化已經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)注定要失敗的事業(yè)。空格處引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞people是人，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞who，故填who。C閱讀下列文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空1處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mr.Moraisafamousuniversitypresident.Heisrememberedasahumorousman____22____lecturesbringlaughterfromtimetotime.Heisalsorememberedbyhisfamilyandfriendsforbeingabsent-minded.TherearemanyinterestingstoriesaboutMr.Mora,____23____amusepeople.Onceonatrain,aconductorcametoMr.Mora,askingforhisticket.Hebegantosearchhispockets.Noticketappeared.Mr.Morabegansearchinghissuitcase.“Nevermind,sir.”saidtheconductor,seeinghowanxiouslyMr.Mora____24____(look)forhisticketandtryingtocomforthim.“Whenyoufindyourticket,justpostittothestation.I’msureyouhaveitsomewhere.”“I’msure,too.”saidthepresidentashecontinuedsearching.“ButImustfindit.IneedtoknowwhereI’mgoing.”【答案】22.whose23.which24.waslooking【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是著名的大學(xué)校長Mr.Mora粗心大意地把火車票弄丟了，上錯(cuò)了火車的故事?！?2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：人們記得他是一個(gè)幽默的人，他的演講不時(shí)引起笑聲?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是定語從句，先行詞man和lectures之間是所屬關(guān)系，因此空格處用表所屬的whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填whose?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：關(guān)于莫拉先生有許多有趣的故事，逗人發(fā)笑?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞stories是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。【24題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“沒關(guān)系，先生?！绷熊噯T說，他看到莫拉先生焦急地尋找他的車票，想安慰他。此處表示莫拉先生在找車票的時(shí)候很焦急，由said可知，“找車票”是過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此時(shí)態(tài)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語Mr.Mora是一個(gè)人，因此空格處用waslooking。故填waslooking。四、完形填空（共10分，每題1分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從句題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Oleita,a26-year-oldenvironmentalistfromDetroit,thinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.Sheisencouragingsnackloverstodonatetheir____25____chipbagsratherthanthrowthemaway,soshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.TheideacametoOleitatwoyearsagowhenshecameacrossawomaninEngland____26____viewershowtoputchipbagstogethertomakesleepingbagsonFacebook.____27____,shedecidedtousethatvideoasablueprinttostarttheChipBagProject.Oleitaandhervolunteersgetchipbagsofallbrandsandsizes.Aftercleaningtheminsoapyhotwater,they____28____themopen,laythemflatandironthemtogether.Theyusethematerialfromoldcoatsto____29____theinsides.Eachsleepingbagrequires150chipbagsandtakesaroundfourhourstocomplete.Since2020,theprojecthas____30____morethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbesimplerto____31____moneytobuynewsleepingbags.Butthat’snotenough.“Wearecommittedtoproviding____32____forthoseinneed,makinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,”O(jiān)leitasays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould____33____landinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerfulreminderthatpollutionandpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitasaid,“Ithinkit’stimetoshow_____34_____betweenalloftheseissues.”25.A.clean B.special C.empty D.new26.A.showing B.asking C.sending D.observing27.A.Astonished B.Inspired C.Disappointed D.Embarrassed28.A.push B.slice C.knock D.swing29.A.decorate B.match C.adjust D.cover30.A.purchased B.sold C.collected D.produced31.A.raise B.borrow C.earn D.save32.A.relaxation B.innovation C.instruction D.relief33.A.still B.almost C.hardly D.otherwise34.A.conflicts B.similarities C.connections D.distinctions【答案】25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.C31.A32.D33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個(gè)美國女孩開展“薯片袋項(xiàng)目”，收集空的薯片袋做成睡袋，同時(shí)幫助解決垃圾和貧困的問題?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她鼓勵(lì)零食愛好者捐贈(zèng)他們的空薯片袋，而不是把它們?nèi)拥?，這樣她就可以把它們變成無家可歸者的睡袋。A.clean干凈的；B.special特別的；C.empty空的；D.new新的。根據(jù)下文“ratherthanthrowthemaway”和常識(shí)可知，捐贈(zèng)的是空薯片袋。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩年前，奧萊塔在Facebook上遇到了一位向觀眾展示如何將薯片袋組合成睡袋的英國女士，于是她產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)想法。A.showing展示；B.asking問；C.sending派送；D.observing觀察。根據(jù)下文“howtoputchipbagstogethertomakesleepingbagsonFacebook.”可知，一位英國女士在Facebook上展示如何將薯片袋組合成睡袋。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：受到啟發(fā)，她決定以這段視頻為藍(lán)本，啟動(dòng)薯片袋項(xiàng)目。A.Astonished驚訝的；B.Inspired受到啟發(fā)的；C.Disappointed失望的；D.Embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“TheideacametoOleitatwoyearsagowhenshecameacrossawomaninEngland____2____viewershowtoputchipbagstogethertomakesleepingbagsonFacebook.”可知，奧萊塔受到英國女士將薯片袋組合成睡袋的啟發(fā)。故選B。28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在含肥皂的熱水中清洗后，他們把它們切開，平放，然后熨燙在一起。A.push推；B.slice切開；C.knock敲；D.swing搖擺。根據(jù)下文“themopen,laythemflat”可知，奧萊塔將各種薯片袋切開，再熨平。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們使用舊外套的材料來覆蓋內(nèi)部。A.decorate裝飾；B.match相配；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.cover覆蓋。根據(jù)上文“Theyusethematerialfromoldcoats”可知，使用舊外套的材料來覆蓋薯片袋內(nèi)部。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自2020年以來，該項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)收集了80多萬個(gè)薯片袋，截至去年12月，已經(jīng)制作了110個(gè)睡袋。A.purchased購買；B.sold賣；C.collected收集；D.produced生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)上文“Sheisencouragingsnackloverstodonatetheir____1____chipbagsratherthanthrowthemaway,”可知，該項(xiàng)目收集薯片袋制作睡袋。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，籌集資金購買新的睡袋會(huì)更簡單。A.raise籌集；B.borrow借；C.earn賺得；D.save保存。根據(jù)下文“buynewsleepingbags”可知，這里指籌集資金購買新的睡袋。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奧萊塔說：“我們致力于為有需要的人提供救濟(jì)，不僅在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生影響，而且在環(huán)境上產(chǎn)生影響。”A.relaxation消遣；B.innovation創(chuàng)新；C.instruction指令；D.relief救濟(jì)。根據(jù)文章首句“Oleita,a26-year-oldenvironmentalistfromDetroit,thinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoproblems:garbageandpoverty.”可知，該項(xiàng)目為貧困的人提供救濟(jì)。故選D。【33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，還有回收袋的象征意義，否則它們會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，用它們來幫助無家可歸的人。A.still仍然；B.almost幾乎；C.hardly幾乎不；D.otherwise否則。根據(jù)上文“there’sthesymbolismofrecyclingbags”和常識(shí)可知，薯片袋不回收，否則就會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾桶。故選D。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正如奧萊塔所說：“我認(rèn)為是時(shí)候展示所有這些問題之間的聯(lián)系了?！盇.conflicts沖突；B.similarities相似；C.connections聯(lián)系；D.distinctions區(qū)分。根據(jù)上文“It’sapowerfulreminderthatpollutionandpovertyoftengohandinhand.”可知，污染和貧困之間是相聯(lián)系的。故選C。第三部分閱讀理解（共29分）第一節(jié)（共13小題；共21.5分）閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的P四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑；或者根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題，并填寫在答題紙應(yīng)位置上。(A)Formanytravelersthesedays,findingawaytomaketravelmoremeaningfulhasbecomeatoppriority.Theyareincreasinglypursuingjourneysthatincludetimetovolunteer,workonaconservationproject,protectendangeredanimalsortodootheractivitiesthatallowforgivingbackwhileexploringanewpartoftheworld.Herearesomeopportunitiesthatcombinetravelwithdoinggooddeeds.TheAzoresThetripsoffertheopportunitytoworkoncarefullyselectedprojectsalongsidefamousscientistswhilealsoenjoyingencounterswithsomeoftheworld’smostfascinatingseacreaturesinwater.ItallowsparticipantstojoinaresearchteamintheAzoresthatsstudyingtheanimalstosupportfutureconservationofthespecies.Advanceddivingexperienceisrequired.RedSea,EgyptCombininganopportunityforworld-classdivingwithbeingpartofanimportantresearcheffortconductedbyHurghadaEnvironmentalProtectionandConservationAssociation.Theseven-nighttripincludeslearninghowtogatherwaterdatawithstate-of-the-artscientificequipmentandconductingonboardandunderwaterexperiments.AustraliaExploreQueensland,Australia,whilealsosupportingaregisteredcharitythatrescuesfarmanimalsfromabuse,neglect,andsituationswherethey’reindanger.Participantshelpwithdailycleaningofbarns(牲口圈)andcages.feeding,healthchecks,lightrepair,monitoringanimals’movements,andintensivecareofill,oldandbabyanimals.TheexperienceincludesfreeaccommodationswithWiFiandaswimmingpool.RomaniaWorkwithbearsatRomania’slargestbearsanctuary(庇護(hù)所),aplacethatwascreatedasaheavenforbearsthathavebeenabused.LocatedintheCarpathianMountains,thesanctuaryneedsvolunteerstohelpwithpreparingfood,monitoringanimalwell-beingandleadingconservationtours.Thesanctuaryishometo84bears,with20moreduetoberescued.35.Whatdothefirsttwotripshaveincommon?A.Bothinvolveunderwateractivities.B.Bothprovidefreeaccommodations.C.Bothrequireadvanceddivingexperience.D.Bothteachhowtousescientificequipment.36.Whichplacebestsuitsagirlwholikeshorses?A.TheAzores. B.RedSea. C.Australia. D.Romania.37.WhyarethebearsadoptedbythesanctuaryinRomania?A.Theyhavenofood. B.Theyarebadlytreated.CTheyshouldbemonitored. D.Theyneedtoliveinmountains.【答案】35.A36.C37.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四處旅游地點(diǎn)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheAzores部分的“Thetripsoffertheopportunitytoworkoncarefullyselectedprojectsalongsidefamousscientistswhilealsoenjoyingencounterswithsomeoftheworld’smostfascinatingseacreaturesinwater.(這些旅程提供了與著名科學(xué)家一起從事精心挑選的項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)也享受與一些世界上最迷人的海洋生物在水中相遇的樂趣。)”和RedSea,Egypt部分的“Combininganopportunityforworld-classdivingwithbeingpartofanimportantresearcheffort(既是世界級(jí)潛水的機(jī)會(huì)，也是重要研究工作的一部分)”和“Theseven-nighttripincludeslearninghowtogatherwaterdatawithstate-of-the-artscientificequipmentandconductingonboardandunderwaterexperiments.(7個(gè)晚上的旅行包括學(xué)習(xí)如何用最先進(jìn)的科學(xué)設(shè)備收集水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)，以及進(jìn)行船上和水下實(shí)驗(yàn)。)”可知，兩者都有水下活動(dòng)。故選A。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Australia部分的“ExploreQueensland,Australia,whilealsosupportingaregisteredcharitythatrescuesfarmanimalsfromabuse,neglect,andsituationswherethey’reindanger.(探索澳大利亞昆士蘭，同時(shí)也支持一個(gè)注冊(cè)的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)拯救農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物，使它們免受虐待、忽視和危險(xiǎn)。)”可推知，這里可能有馬，最適合喜歡馬的女孩，故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段的“WorkwithbearsatRomania’slargestbearsanctuary(庇護(hù)所),aplacethatwascreatedasaheavenforbearsthathavebeenabused.(在羅馬尼亞最大的熊保護(hù)區(qū)和熊一起工作，這里是被虐待的熊的天堂。)”可知，這些熊會(huì)被羅馬尼亞的保護(hù)區(qū)收養(yǎng)是因?yàn)樗鼈兪艿脚按９蔬xB。(B)TheLifecycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You’dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat’sinvolvedinthelifecyleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages:material,production,shipping,useanddisposal(處理).Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisanaturalfiberandnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(殺蟲劑)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstage.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesaremostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck…,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile.OncetheT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou’vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleasesharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentU.S.recordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet’salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing…ithasarealimpactontheplanet.Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycleclothes.Ifthey’retoowornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒溫器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.38.Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“________”.A.wasteswater B.takesalotoftime C.usesenergy D.hasabadeffect39.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.B.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.C.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.D.Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Pesticidesincottonfarmingcostover4billiondollarseveryyear.B.CO2emissionsoflandtransportamountto1.15poundspermile.C.About15%oftheclothesandshoeswindupinthelandfillseventually.D.About16000gallonsofwaterisusedannuallybyanaveragefamilyonlaundry.41.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?_______________________________________________________【答案】38.D39.A40.D41.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一件T恤在制成在每個(gè)階段對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，并提出了一些與衣服相關(guān)的對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境友好行為的建議?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子的前半句“Whilecottonisanaturalfiberandnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasmanmadefibers(棉花是一種天然纖維，對(duì)環(huán)境的危害不像人造纖維那么大)”可知，while引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管棉花不像人造纖維那樣對(duì)環(huán)境的危害那么大”，劃線短語所在的句子意思為“但是仍然是有危害的”，由此可知，該短語的意思與“有危害”相近，D選項(xiàng)“hasabadeffect”的意思是“有壞的影響”與“有危害”意義相近。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.(棉花一旦種植和收獲，生產(chǎn)階段就開始了:紡紗、編織、漂白、染色、裁剪、縫紉等——這些過程也要消耗大量的水和能源。)”可知，衣服的生產(chǎn)過程需要大量的水，結(jié)合第三段中的“Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.(商業(yè)染料和漂白劑是有害的污染物，最終會(huì)污染地下水。)”可知，商業(yè)染料和漂白劑最終會(huì)污染地下水，由此可推斷，整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程可能會(huì)影響到水的安全。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.(然而，美國家庭平均每年要洗400次衣服，每次洗大約要用40加侖的水。)”可知，每年一個(gè)美國家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要使用40加侖的水，所以，美國一個(gè)家庭每年平均有16,000加侖的水用于洗衣服。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.(你可以做很多事情來幫助減少你的影響。)”并結(jié)合下文中列舉的很多我們可以做的一些與衣服相關(guān)的環(huán)保的事情可知，本文的寫作目的是促進(jìn)與服裝有關(guān)的環(huán)保行動(dòng)，為環(huán)保做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故答案為Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes。(C)Whenpeopleareaskedwhat’simportantintheirlives,theyoftenmentionhumor,yetphilosopherswoulddisagree.Thefirstishowlittletheyhavesaid.ThemostthatmajorphilosopherslikePlato,Hobbes,andKantwroteaboutlaughterorhumorwasafewparagraphswithinadiscussionofanothertopic.Someanthropologists(人類學(xué)家)comparingtheamountofphilosophicalwritingonhumorwithwhathasbeenwrittenon,say,justice,mightwellconcludethathumorcouldbeleftoutofhumanlifewithoutmuchloss.Thesecondishownegativemostphilosophershavebeenintheirassessmentsofhumor.FromancientGreeceuntilthe20thcentury,thevastmajorityofphilosophicalcommentsonlaughterandhumorfocusedonscornful(蔑視的)ormockinglaughter,oronlaughterthatoverpowerspeople,ratherthanoncomedy,wit,orjoking.Plato,themostinfluentialcriticoflaughter,treatedlaughterasanemotionthatoverrides(凌駕于)rationalself-control.Hesaystheguardiansofthestateshouldavoidlaughter,“forwhenoneabandonshimselftoviolentlaughter,hisconditioncausesaviolentreaction.”AnotherofPlato’sobjectionstolaughteristhatitisevil.Platoanalyzestheenjoymentofcomedyasaformofscorn.Thepeoplewelaughatimaginethemselvestobewealthier,betterlooking,ormorevirtuousthantheyreallyare.Inlaughingatthem,wetakedelightinsomethingevil:theirself-ignorance.Becauseoftheseobjectionstolaughterandhumor,Platosaysthatintheidealstate,comedyshouldbetightlycontrolled.“Weshallorderthatsuchrepresentationsbelefttoslavesorhiredaliens,andreceivenoseriousconsiderationwhatsoever.Nofreeperson,whetherwomanorman,shallbefoundtakinglessonsinthem.”GreekthinkersafterPlatohadsimilarlynegativecomments.ThoughAristotleconsidereditavaluablepartofconversation,heagreedwithPlatothatlaughterexpressesscorn.TheStoics,withtheiremphasisonself-control,agreedwithPlatothatlaughterweakensself-control.Epictetus’sEnchiridionadvises“Letnotyourlaughterbeloud,frequent,orunrestrained.”Hisfollowerssaidthatheneverlaughedatall.42.Whatconclusiondosomeanthropologistsmakeonhumor?AHumorisofgreatsignificancetopeople.B.Humorisavaluablepartofconversation.C.Humorcanbeleftoutofhumanlifewithoutmuchloss.D.Humorreflectspeople’sirrationalityandself-ignorance.43.Platoadvocatesthestrictcontrolofcomedyandlimitingittoslavesorhiredaliensintheidealstate.T/F44.TheStoicsalsohadnegativecommentsonlaughterbuttheyemphasizedthatlaughterstrengthenedself-control.T/F45.WhatsuggestiondoesPlatooffertotheguardiansofacountry?Why?__________________________________________________________________________________46.Doyouagreewiththephilosophers’ideasmentionedinthepassageabouthumor?Whyorwhynot?__________________________________________________________________________________【答案】42.C43.T44.F45.Platosuggestedthattheguardiansofthestateshouldavoidlaughter,becausehethoughtviolentlaughtercausedaviolentreaction.46.Idon’tagreewiththephilosophers’ideasmentionedinthepassage,becauseIthinklaughterisveryimportant,whichisawayofcomingtotermswithavarietyofsituations.Itisalsoawayofreleasinginnertension.Statisticshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareabletolaughatthemselvescopewithlifemuchbetter.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一些哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為對(duì)幽默持否定的態(tài)度，他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該限制大笑和幽默?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Someanthropologists(人類學(xué)家)comparingtheamountofphilosophicalwritingonhumorwithwhathasbeenwrittenon,say,justice,mightwellconcludethathumorcouldbeleftoutofhumanlifewithoutmuchloss.(一些人類學(xué)家把關(guān)于幽默的哲學(xué)著作的數(shù)量與關(guān)于正義的著作的數(shù)量進(jìn)行比較，很可能得出這樣的結(jié)論：把幽默從人類生活中剔除也不會(huì)有多大損失。)”可知，一些人類學(xué)家認(rèn)為把幽默從人類生活中剔除也沒什么多大的損失，他們關(guān)于幽默得出的結(jié)論是：人類生活中沒有幽默也不會(huì)有太大的損失。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Becauseoftheseobjectionstolaughterandhumor,Platosaysthatintheidealstate,comedyshouldbetightlycontrolled.(因?yàn)檫@些對(duì)笑聲和幽默的反對(duì)，柏拉圖說，在理想狀態(tài)下，喜劇應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)格控制。)”可知，Plato認(rèn)為戲劇應(yīng)受到嚴(yán)格的限制，結(jié)合下文中的“Weshallorderthatsuchrepresentationsbelefttoslavesorhiredaliens,andreceivenoseriousconsiderationwhatsoever.(我們將下令，這些表現(xiàn)形式將留給奴隸或雇傭的外國人，而不會(huì)得到任何認(rèn)真的考慮。)”可知，Plato認(rèn)為應(yīng)該將幽默只留給奴隸或雇傭的外國人，所以“Platoadvocatesthestrictcontrolofcomedyandlimitingittoslavesorhiredaliensintheidealstate.(柏拉圖主張嚴(yán)格控制喜劇，將其限制在理想狀態(tài)下的奴隸或雇傭的外星人身上。)”的表述是正確的。故答案是T?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“.TheStoics,withtheiremphasisonself-control,agreedwithPlatothatlaughterweakensself-control.(強(qiáng)調(diào)自我控制的斯多葛學(xué)派同意柏拉圖的觀點(diǎn)，即笑會(huì)削弱自我控制。)”可知，斯多葛學(xué)派認(rèn)為笑削弱了自我控制，而題目中“TheStoicsalsohadnegativecommentsonlaughterbuttheyemphasizedthatlaughterstrengthenedself-control.(斯多葛學(xué)派的人對(duì)笑也有負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，但他們強(qiáng)調(diào)笑能增強(qiáng)自制力。)”的表述，表達(dá)的是笑能增強(qiáng)自我控制力，與原文信息不符，所以表述是錯(cuò)誤的。故答案是F?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hesaystheguardiansofthestateshouldavoidlaughter,“forwhenoneabandonshimselftoviolentlaughter,hisconditioncausesaviolentreaction.”(他說，國家的守護(hù)者應(yīng)該避免笑，“因?yàn)楫?dāng)一個(gè)人放任自己狂笑時(shí)，他的狀況會(huì)引起激烈的反應(yīng)?！?”可知，柏拉圖建議一個(gè)國家的守護(hù)者避免笑，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為激烈的笑會(huì)引起暴力反應(yīng)。故答案為Platosuggestedthattheguardiansofthestateshouldavoidlaughter,becausehet