英語-簡單句基本句型練習

英語基本句型復(fù)習英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：

S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)

說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補足語

一．Subject(主語)＋Verb(謂語)此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這種句型中的動詞基本上都是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等,但可以在其后添加修飾成分，如副詞，介詞短語，甚至狀語從句作狀語。如：Timeflies.（主語+謂語）Themoonrose.月亮升起來了。（主語+謂語）Birdssingbeautifully.(副詞)Theystayedinahotel.（介詞短語）Sheapologizedtome.她再次向我道歉。Ihadleftwhentheycame.(時間狀語從句)【練習導(dǎo)航】Ⅰ.根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。1.他在聽。He__________.2.昨晚你睡得好嗎？Didyou__________lastnight?3.這場雨持續(xù)了兩個小時。Therain__________twohours.4.事物總是變化的。Thingsalways_____.5.他來中國的夢想實現(xiàn)了。HisdreamtoChina_______________.Ⅱ.單項選擇()6.AnMP5playerofthistypecoststoomuch.You’dbetter______.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait()7.It_____outside.Ihavetostayathome.A.rainB.israiningC.rainedD.hasrained()8.—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?—Yes,Idid.Myuncle______inthematch.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.hasplayedD.willplay()9.—Whatdidyourfathersayjustnow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.I______onthephone.A.amtalkingB.talkC.wastalkingD.havetalked()10.You______firstandI______behind.A.go;wasfollowingB.willgo;followC.willgo;followedD.go;willfollow二、S+V+P（主語＋系動詞＋表語）系動詞通常與表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特點或狀態(tài)等。表語通常由名詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等充當。常見的系動詞有be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,turn,become,stay,seem等。如：Allherfriendsarenowoutsidethedoor.她的所有朋友現(xiàn)在都在門外。Themilkturnedsour.牛奶變酸了?！揪毩晫?dǎo)航】翻譯下面的漢語句子。1.他感到有點累。______________________________2.這聽起來是個好主意。______________________________3.海倫在家嗎？______________________________4.我的電腦在書房里。______________________________5.他的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。______________________________6.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。______________________________7.問題是你想干什么。______________________________8.他總是樂于助人。______________________________9.這盤菜聞起來不錯。______________________________10.那個女孩是我的妹妹。______________________________三、S+V+O（主語＋及物動詞＋賓語）及物動詞后面必須接賓語才能表達一個完整的意思。賓語是動作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當。如：He’shavinglunch.他正在吃午餐。Ipreferstanding.我寧愿站著。Hepromisedtolendmesomebooks.他答應(yīng)借給我?guī)妆緯！揪毩晫?dǎo)航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子的賓語。1.Hehandedinhishomeworkthismorning.____________2.Helpyourselftosomesoup,Jim.____________3.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.____________4.Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?____________5.I’lldowhatIcan.____________Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6.你認識這些人嗎？Doyou___________________________?7.今天早上他完成了報告。He___________________________thismorning.8.現(xiàn)在我來自我介紹一下。NowI’ll__________________.9.他已經(jīng)決定搬到北京去了。Hehasdecided___________________________Beijing.10.我不記得事故是什么時候發(fā)生的。Idon’tremember_________theaccident_________.四、S+V+IO+DO（主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語）有些及物動詞，如hand,give,throw,lend,sing,read,write,buy,leave,make,pass,tell,get等可以帶雙賓語，一個賓語指人，稱為間接賓語；另一個指物，稱為直接賓語。及物動詞帶雙賓語通常有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語2.及物動詞+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語【練習導(dǎo)航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子中的直接賓語。1.Shegavemehertelephonenumber._________________2.Bringmesomewater,please._________________3.I’llmakeyousomefreshtea._________________4.Hesangusafolksong._________________5.Sheshowedmeherpaintings._________________Ⅱ.將下列句子改為同義句。6.Tomgavemeanicepen.Tom______anicepen_____me.7.Mymotherboughtmylittlesisterapinkskirt.Mymother______apinkskirt______mylittlesister.8.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.She______adeliciousmeal_____us.9.TimshowedmehisniceT-shirt.Tim______hisniceT-shirt_____me.10.Shemademeacupofcoffee.She______acupofcoffee______me.【溫馨提示】◆某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為to引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有g(shù)ive,hand,show,send,bring,pass,lend,teach,tell,write,throw,sell,email等。如：Canyoulendusyourcar?你能把車借給我們嗎？→Canyoulendyourcartous?◆某些動詞引導(dǎo)的間接賓語可改為for引導(dǎo)的短語，這類動詞有buy,play,get,make,order,choose,sing,pay等。如：Myuncleboughtmeawatch.我叔叔給我買了一塊表?！鶰yuncleboughtawatchforme.五、S+V+O+OC（主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語）有些及物動詞加上賓語后，它的意思表達還是不完整，這就需要再加上一個補足語來使句子的意思完整。賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、V-ing形式等充當。如：Pleasedon’tcallmeLucy.請不要叫我露西。Ifoundtheboxempty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子是空的。Theteachertoldustodosomeexercises.老師要我們做一些練習題?！揪毩晫?dǎo)航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子中的賓語補足語。1.TheycalltheirdaughterMary.___________2.Don’tleavemebehind._____________3.Iwishyoutobehappy._____________4.IsawherchattingwithNancy.____________5.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.____________Ⅱ.翻譯下面的漢語句子。6.他們請我和他們一道去。______________________________7.我剛才看見她在跟簡談話。______________________________8.你認為這部電影精彩嗎？______________________________9.你建議我做什么？______________________________10.你注意到他進來了嗎？______________________________六、therebe句型therebe句型主要用來表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be動詞后面有兩個或兩個以上的主語，be動詞的選用需要遵循“就近原則”。如：Thereisadictionary,threebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆?！揪毩晫?dǎo)航】Ⅰ.單項選擇()1.There______iceontheroadlastweek.A.wasB.wereC.willbeD.are()2.There______afootballmatchontheplaygroundthisafternoon.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.ishaveD.isgoingtobe()3.There_____tobesomethingwrongwithhim.A.isB.wasC.seemsD.are()4.Therewillbeenoughfoodforeverybody,_______?A.won’titB.won’tthereC.isn’titD.aren’tthere()5.There_______morethantwohundredpeoplekilledinroadaccidentssincelastmonth.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.areⅡ.根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。6.一個男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。__________aboy_____withadogintheyard.7.以前在街道拐角處有一家商店。_____________________ashoponthecornerofthestreet.8.可能會有一個更好的辦法來做這件事。_______________abetterwaytodothis.9.沒有空氣就沒有聲音._______________soundwithoutair.10.沒有時間再等你了。___________notime_______________you.強化練習：指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Mumboughtmeanewcellphone.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________基本句型（一）主語+不及物動詞(S+V)1.他昨天早上起床很晚。___________________________________________2.那天晚上我們談了很多。___________________________________________3.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。___________________________________________4.1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運動.(theMayFourthMovement)___________________________________________5.這個盒子重五斤。(kilo)___________________________________________6.五年前我住在北京。___________________________________________7.在過去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。___________________________________________基本句型（二）主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+V+O)1.昨晚我寫了一封信。___________________________________________2.我父親能流利地說英語。fluently___________________________________________3.你介意我開窗戶嗎？___________________________________________4.你們必須在兩周之內(nèi)看完那些書。___________________________________________5.他指出我的作文中的錯誤。pointout,composition___________________________________________6.我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生。___________________________________________7.你在工作中可以依靠他。___________________________________________8.寫完作文后，我們必須檢查一遍。goover___________________________________________基本句型（三）主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+C)1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。___________________________________________2.這本書是關(guān)于美國歷史的書。___________________________________________3.她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。nursery___________________________________________4.他失業(yè)了。___________________________________________5.樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。___________________________________________6.這個報告聽起來很有意思。___________________________________________7.布朗夫人看起來很健康。___________________________________________8.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。pianist___________________________________________9.孩子們，請保持安靜。___________________________________________基本句型（四）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)1.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。___________________________________________2.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？dictionary___________________________________________3.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。___________________________________________4.我替你叫輛出租車好嗎？___________________________________________5.這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。___________________________________________6.他把車票給列車員看。conductor___________________________________________基本句型（五）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+O+C)1.我們大家都認為他是誠實的。consider___________________________________________2.我們把小偷釋放了。set…free___________________________________________3.他叫我們參加做游戲。___________________________________________4.我要你把真相告訴我。___________________________________________5.每天早晨，我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。___________________________________________6.那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。make…frightened___________________________________________7.他每個月理一次發(fā)。___________________________________________8.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。___________________________________________基本句型練習答案三指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型。1.（6）2.(1)(3)(8)3.(4)4.(7)5.(5)6.(2)基本句型（一）主語+不及物動詞(S+V)1.Hegotupverylateyesterdaymorning.2.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.6.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.基本句型（二）主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+V+O)1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.MyfathercanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.4.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.5.Hepointedoutthemistakesinmycomposition.6.Wemustsendforadoctor.7.Youcandependonhiminyourwork.8.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgooverit.基本句型（三）主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+C)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.3Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.4Heisoutofwork.5.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.6Thereportsoundsinteresting.7.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy8Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.9.Children,keepquietplease.基本句型（四）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)1.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.2.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary.3.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.4.ShallIcallyouataxi?5.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.6.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.基本句型（五）5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+O+C)1.Allofusconsiderhimhonest.2.Thehavesetthethieffree.3.Heaskedustojoininthegame.4.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.5.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.6.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.7.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.8.Wewillmakeourschoolmore