詞匯教學(xué)的基本原則

高考新課標(biāo)詞匯（3500+1500）

GuidelinesI詞匯的本質(zhì)——詞匯教什么學(xué)什么？詞匯構(gòu)建認(rèn)知II每個(gè)單詞究竟有幾層意思？一詞多義存在嗎？

本源意的重要性III漢字與英文造詞差別

象形與邏輯IV如何克服遺忘？信息加工論抗遺忘從正確輸入開始V詞匯教學(xué)的高效策略分層+促進(jìn)輸出

一切外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的總則——親師信道

theAffectiveFilterHypothesis（過(guò)濾性原則）

theAcquisition-learningHypothesis(習(xí)得和學(xué)習(xí)原則)

theInput-outputHypothesis(輸入－輸出原則)

theMonitorHypothesis(監(jiān)控原則)

表達(dá)的成就感

I詞匯的本質(zhì)——詞匯教什么與學(xué)什么？

詞匯構(gòu)建認(rèn)知1.詞匯的重要性：

語(yǔ)言學(xué)家DavidWilkins一句話概括：Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.2.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯不是記住漢語(yǔ)意思，而是回到詞表達(dá)或指稱的事物本身。維特根斯坦：語(yǔ)言的邊界是人思維的邊界。人無(wú)法記住自己沒見過(guò)/大腦中沒有的東西。A.英語(yǔ)解釋：eg.available/access/aggressiveB.漢語(yǔ)創(chuàng)設(shè)或解釋環(huán)境；C.觀看直觀視頻與圖片。

I詞匯的本質(zhì)——詞匯教什么與學(xué)什么？

詞匯構(gòu)建認(rèn)知Vail以available為例，《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)詞典》解釋為：somethingorsomebodythatisavailableisabletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound.這是它的本源義，漢語(yǔ)翻譯為：可用的、可獲得的；衍生到指人，表示空閑的，有能力去作某事;或單身的，未有結(jié)婚對(duì)象的。語(yǔ)境義更加豐富多姿。請(qǐng)看例句：1.Ticketsare

available

fromtheboxoffice.（售票處有票出售。）2.Meetingswereheldtoupdateemployeesassoonasnewinformationbecame

available.3.Furtherbuildingcancontinuewhenmoneyismade

available

.（有了資金就可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)一步的施工。）4.Every

available

spaceonthewallwascoveredinpictures.（墻上每一個(gè)可用的地方都掛上了畫。）

5.Thereareplentyofjobs

available

inthenewcompany.6.Collinswasnot

available

forcommentonThursdaynight.7.

Everylady

unavailable

aresupposedtodate.除了通過(guò)例句詳細(xì)掌握其用法之外，還需要掌握其派生詞：avail和availability的用法。8.Theytriedtodiscusstheissuecalmly,but

tonoavail.9.Ourbesteffortsdidnot

avail.10.Roomsareofferedsubjecttoavailability.同義詞(synonyms)

accessible;onhand,onfile,attheready反義詞(antonyms)inaccessible;unavailable;unattainable;unobtainable

1.詞源意

2.基本意

3.語(yǔ)境意

4.比喻意

5.一詞多義

II詞匯的各層意思，分別指什么？

1.V-T

Ifyou

cover

something,youplacesomethingelseoveritinordertoprotectit,hideit,orcloseit.蓋

?

Hewhimperedandcoveredhisface.

2.V-T

Ifonething

covers

another,ithasbeenplacedoveritinordertoprotectit,hideit,orcloseit.蓋住?

Hisfingerwentuptotouchtheblackpatchwhichcoveredhislefteye.

3.V-T

Ifonething

covers

another,itformsalayeroveritssurface.覆蓋?

Thecloudshadspreadandcoveredtheentiresky.

4.V-T

To

cover

something

with

or

in

somethingelsemeanstoputalayerofthesecondthingoveritssurface.鋪蓋?

Thedeskwascoveredwithpapers.

5.V-T

Ifyou

cover

aparticulardistance,youtravelthatdistance.走過(guò)(一段距離)?

Itwouldnotbeeasytocovertenmilesonthatamountofpetrol.

6.V-T

Aninsurancepolicythat

covers

apersonorthingguaranteesthatmoneywillbepaidbytheinsurancecompanyinrelationtothatpersonorthing.保險(xiǎn)?

Theirinsurerpaidthe$900bill,eventhoughthepolicydidnotstrictlycoverit.

7.V-T

Ifalaw

covers

aparticularsetofpeople,things,orsituations,itappliestothem.適用于?

Thelawcoversfourcategoriesofexperiments.

8.V-T

Ifyou

cover

aparticulartopic,youdiscussitinalecture,course,orbook.論及?

IntroductiontoChemistryaimstocoverimportanttopicsinorganicchemistry.

9.V-T

Ifasumofmoney

covers

something,itisenoughtopayforit.足夠支付?

Sendittotheaddressgivenwith$2.50tocoverpostageandadministration.

10.V-I

Ifyou

coverfor

someonewhoisdoingsomethingsecretorillegal,yougivefalseinformationordonotgivealltheinformationyouhave,inordertoprotectthem.包庇?

Whywouldshecoverforsomeonewhowastryingtokillher?

11.V-I

Ifyou

coverfor

someonewhoisilloraway,youdotheirworkforthemwhiletheyarenotthere.代替?

Shedidnothaveenoughnursestocoverforthosewhoweresick.

12.PHRASE

Ifyou

cover

yourself,youdosomethinginordertoprotectyourself,forexampleagainstcriticismoragainstaccusationsofdoingsomethingwrong.為自己開脫

III漢字和英語(yǔ)單詞的造詞區(qū)別thedifferencesbetweenChinesecharactersandEnglishwordsTypesChineseCharactersEnglishwordsstructurespoetic\pictographiclogicformation偏旁、部首root+suffixways音、形、意結(jié)合表意origins仰觀日月星辰，俯察鳥獸山川天人合一物自體為核心追問世界本源：探索動(dòng)詞為核心1、象形：2.指事3、形聲4、會(huì)意5、轉(zhuǎn)注6、假借20therulesofwordevolution詞匯演變規(guī)律：fromthesimpletothecomplicated從簡(jiǎn)到繁fromtheconcretetotheabstract從具體到抽象fromthegeneraltothedelicate從粗曠到精微Anywordcan’temergewithoutanyroot.Awordislikeahuman;hecanonlybeborninafamilyandgrowandevolve.(沒有憑空出世的詞語(yǔ)，只有詞根衍生進(jìn)化而來(lái)的詞。)

前綴（prefix）詞根（stem/root）后綴（suffix）前綴改變單詞詞義詞根決定單詞意思后綴決定單詞詞性

第一類：表示正負(fù)（或增減）的，如：un-in-im-il-ir-non-mis-dis-anti-de-under-re-over-

de-等；第二類：表示尺寸的，如：equi-mini-micro-macro-mega-等；第三類：表示位置關(guān)系，如：inter-super-trans-ex-extra-sub-等；第四類：表示時(shí)間和次序，如：ante-pre-prime-post-retro-等；第五類：表示數(shù)字，如：semi-mono-bi-tri-quad-oct-multi-等；其它類別，如：pro-auto-co-con-等。前綴（prefix）

IV如何克服遺忘？信息加工論（抗遺忘從正確輸入開始/艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線）1.什么是遺忘？信息加工論2.短期記憶和長(zhǎng)期記憶？3.抗遺忘從正確輸入開始4.艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線

高效的輸入：克拉申（Krashen）1.可理解性(comprehensible