計算機專業(yè)英語課件Unit 04

ContentsPart1ReadingandTranslatingSectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemSectionB:MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsPart2SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)Part3ListeningandSpeakingDialogue:TalkingaboutOperatingSystemsListeningComprehension:AndroidDictation:LinusTorvaldsandtheSoftwareNobodyKnows1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemWordsrender['rend?]v.著色，致使，提出wire['wai?]v.將…聯(lián)入（計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)）start-up啟動，新成立的企業(yè)，創(chuàng)業(yè)者boot[bu?t]v.引導(dǎo)bootstrap['bu:tstr?p]n.解靴帶，[計]引導(dǎo)程序，輔助程序tailor['teil?]v.(為某一特定目的而)剪裁，制作1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemWordsperipheral[p?'rif?r?l]n.[計算機]外圍設(shè)備，輔助設(shè)備（如打印機、掃描儀等)）[亦作peripheric]underlying[?nd?'laii?]adj.基礎(chǔ)的，根本的，在下面的；concurrent[k?n'k?r?nt]adj.并發(fā)的，一致的，同時發(fā)生的playground['pleiɡraund]n.活動場所Phrasesrevolvearound以…為中心taketurn輪流actas充當，用作，當作，起…的作用1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext. 1．Theoperatingsystemallowsapplicationsoftwaretoaccesssystemresources,eitherdirectlyorthroughothersystemsoftware. 2.Thememoryconstraintsforsmartphonesandtabletcomputersaredifferentthanthoseofatypicaldesktoporlaptopcomputer. 3.Acomputercouldhaveonlyoneoperatingsystem. 4.Theoperatingsystemsupportsspecificapplicationgoals,suchasalibraryofgraphicssoftwarethatrendersimagesonadisplay. 5.Theoperatingsystemofacomputerisapplicationsoftware.1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1．Whichofthefollowingcomputerresourcesdoesanoperatingsystemmanage?A．InputdevicesB．OutputdevicesC．MemoryD．Alloftheabove2．WhichofthefollowingrunstheiOSmobileoperatingsystem?A．iPhone B．iPadC．iPodTouch D．Alloftheabove1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystem3．Whichofthefollowingiswrongabouttheoperatingsystem?A．AndroidandiOSdominatethecurrentmarketformobileoperatingsystems,thoughtherearestillseveralothers. B．Acomputercouldhavetwoormoreoperatingsystemsfromwhichtheuserchooseswhenthecomputeristurnedon.C．Mobiledevices,suchassmartphonesandtabletcomputers,havethesameoperatingsystemsasthoseofatypicaldesktoporlaptopcomputer.D．Theoperatingsystemallowsapplicationsoftwaretoaccesssystemresources,eitherdirectlyorthroughothersystemsoftware.1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.Androidb.antivirusc.driverd.fragmentede.multitasking_______1.Typeofprogramthatguardscomputersystemsfromvirusesandotherdamagingprograms_______2.Programthatworkswiththeoperatingsystemtoallowcommunicationbetweenadeviceandtherestofacomputersystemiscalledadevice___________3.Ifafilecannotbesavedonasingletrack,ithastobe______._______4.Switchingbetweendifferentapplications_______5.MobileoperatingsystemthatisownedbyGoogleandiswidelyusedinmanysmartphones.1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseMicrosoft'sTaskManagerYoucangaininsighttosomeoftheinternalactivityofaMicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystembyexecutingtheutilityprogramcalledTaskManager(PresstheCtrl,Alt,andDeletekeyssimultaneously.)Inparticular,byselectingtheProcessestabintheTaskManagerwindow,youcanviewtheprocesstable.Hereisanexperimentyoucanperform：Lookattheprocesstablebeforeyouactivateanyapplicationprogram.1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystemV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseHowShouldSchoolsDealwithInternetPlagiarism?

(Youmaybesurprisedthatsomanyprocessesarealreadyinthetable.Thesearenecessaryforthesystem'sbasicoperation.)Nowactivateanapplicationandconfirmthatanadditionalprocesshasenteredthetable.Youwillalsobeabletoseehowmuchmemoryspacewasallocatedtotheprocess.1.1SectionA:RolesofanOperatingSystem

1.2SectionB:MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsWordsstand-alone(計算機)獨立的electronics[ilek?tr?niks]n.電子器件，電子學(xué)firmware[?f?:mwe?(r)]n.（計算機的）固件（就是寫入EROM或EEPROM(可編程只讀存儲器)中的程序）accelerometer[?k?sel??r?m?t?(r)]n.加速度計cellular[?selj?l?(r)]n.手機，移動電話，蜂窩電話（=cellulartelephone）

1.2SectionB:MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsWordsperspective[p??spektiv]n.觀點，看法icon[?aik?n]n.圖標，圖符tile[tail]n.平鋪capability[?keip??biliti:]n.功能，才能disparity[di?sp?r?ti]n.不同，不等convergence[k?n'v?:d??ns]n.一體化1.2SectionB:MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsPhrasesinconjunctionwith連同…，與…一起homescreen首頁，主屏幕inpart在某種程度上，部分地，一半takeadvantageof利用atatime每次，依次，逐一1.2SectionB:MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystems

Notes[1]近場通信（NearFieldCommunication,NFC）是一種短距高頻的無線電技術(shù)，以13.56MHz頻率運行于20厘米距離內(nèi)。其傳輸速度有106Kbit/秒、212Kbit/秒或者424Kbit/秒三種。目前近場通信已通過成為ISO/IECIS18092國際標準、ECMA-340標準與ETSITS102190標準。NFC采用主動和被動兩種讀取模式。NFC近場通信技術(shù)是由非接觸式射頻識別（RFID）及互聯(lián)互通技術(shù)整合演變而來，在單一芯片上結(jié)合感應(yīng)式讀卡器、感應(yīng)式卡片和點對點的功能，能在短距離內(nèi)與兼容設(shè)備進行識別和數(shù)據(jù)交換。1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.___1．Itisnotsoimportanttochooseanoperatingsystemwhenyoubuyacomputerormobiledevice.___2．Clientoperatingsystemscanoperatewithorwithoutanetwork.___3．Ingeneral,amobileoperatingsystemhasmanyprogramsrunningatatime.___4．Amobileoperatingsystemresidesonaharddisk.___5．Sometimeswecalldesktopoperatingsystemserveroperatingsystem.1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1．Whichofthefollowingisnotthedesktopoperatingsystem?A．WindowsB．macOSC．iOSD．Noneoftheabove2．Whichofthefollowingtechnologydoesthemobileoperatingsystemuse?A．NFC B．BluetoothC．GPS D．Alloftheabove1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystems3．Whichofthefollowingroledoesanoperatingsystemhave?A．Itmanagesoperations B．ItmaintainsthefunctionsofthecomputerordeviceC．Itprovidesauserinterface D．AlloftheaboveⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.Androidb.backupc.devicedriverd.utilityprograme.virtualmemory_______1.Aduplicatecopyofdataorothercomputercontentforuseintheeventthattheoriginalversionisdestroyed_______2.ALinux-basedoperatingsystemdesignedformobiledevicesanddevelopedbytheOpenHandsetAlliance,whichisagroupofcompaniesledbyGoogle_______3.Amemory-managementtechniquethatusesharddrivespaceasadditionalRAM_______4.Aprogramthatenablesanoperatingsystemtocommunicatewithaspecifichardwaredevice_______5.Atypeofsoftwarethatperformsaspecifictask,usuallyrelatedtomanagingormaintainingacomputersystem1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystems1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Cross-PlatformSoftwareTraditionaltime-sharing/multitaskingsystemsgivetheillusionofexecutingmanyprocessesatoncebyswitchingrapidlybetweentimeslicesfasterthanahumancanperceive.Modernsystemscontinuetomultitaskinthisway,butinaddition,thelatestmulti-coreCPUsaregenuinelycapableofrunningtwo,four,ormanymoreprocessessimultaneously.Unlikeagroupofsingle-corecomputersworkingtogether,amulti-coremachinecontainsmultipleindependentprocessors(inthiscasecalledcores)thatsharethecomputer'speripherals,memory,andotherresources.1.2SectionB:

MobileversusDesktopOperatingSystemsV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Cross-PlatformSoftwareForamulti-coreoperatingsystem,thismeansthatthedispatcherandschedulermustconsiderwhichprocessestoexecuteoneachcore.Withdifferentprocessesrunningondifferentcores,handlingcompetitionamongprocessesbecomesmorechallengingbecausedisablinginterruptsonallcoreswheneveroneneedstoenteracriticalregionwouldbehighlyinefficient.Computersciencehasmanyactiveresearchareasrelatedtobuildingoperatingsystemmechanismsbettersuitedtothenewmulti-coreworld.2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件電子郵件是一種企業(yè)交流方式，有一些有關(guān)撰寫專業(yè)電子郵件的慣例和一般準則。下圖展示了一個按照這些準則撰寫的電子郵件的開始部分，包括完整的郵件地址和一個簡單的敬語。給電子郵件添加地址2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件（1）完整的名字和地址

似flower1972@這樣的電子郵件地址不能明確地標識出發(fā)送者的身份，可以在電子郵件的To和From欄中填寫完整的名字和電子郵件地址。像MicrosoftOfficeOutlook這樣的電子郵件軟件允許在姓名之后緊接著輸入電子郵件地址（例如：DanLionel<flower1972@>）。2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件（2）抄送

除了主要的收件人之外，可以將郵件的拷貝發(fā)送給其他人，只需要將他們的電子郵件地址填寫在Cc欄中即可。確保在Cc欄中列出的人直接和郵件相關(guān)，并且可以從郵件的信息中獲益——大部分人都只想收到他們想要閱讀的郵件。（3）敬語

用類似于“Greetings”、“DearMr.Dawson”、“Hi，Katie”或者“Ron.”等來開始電子郵件。敬語可以使交流有一個友好的開始，并且表明郵件已經(jīng)開始了，這在別人轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)或者回復(fù)給你的時候尤其有用。2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件（4）正文格式和內(nèi)容

將開始行和其余部分進行相應(yīng)的格式化，可以使其更容易閱讀，見下表。正文要關(guān)注于一個主題并且使用簡練的文字，盡可能不要超過25行。理想的情況下，讀者不應(yīng)該滾動消息一次以上。如果需要一次討論多個主題，每個主題分別發(fā)送一封電子郵件。下圖展示了發(fā)送的電子郵件的開始行和正文部分。（5）結(jié)束語

以一個包含名字和聯(lián)系方式的簽名塊結(jié)束，例如所在組織的名稱、地址、電話號碼。大多數(shù)電子郵件軟件都可以添加簽名塊。2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件撰寫電子郵件的正文2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos6.撰寫專業(yè)的電子郵件撰寫電子郵件的注意事項郵件適合提到盡量避免To和From每一行應(yīng)包含姓名和電子郵件地址僅僅依賴電子郵件地址來標識身份抄送發(fā)送一份拷貝到與此郵件直接相關(guān)的人發(fā)送給與此消息無關(guān)的人敬語以一個簡短的問候開始省略敬語或者使用過于不正式的敬語，除非給朋友或者親密的同事寫信正文格式使用標準的大寫和小寫字符插入空行和分割文檔來提高可讀性使用全大寫或全小寫的文字在一個長段落里包含所有的郵件內(nèi)容結(jié)束如果適合提及的話，包括對行動的建議或者截止日期以一個簽名塊結(jié)束沒有結(jié)論就結(jié)束忘記提供聯(lián)系方式2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos7.撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄專業(yè)人士偶爾使用傳統(tǒng)的硬拷貝備忘錄在組織內(nèi)部傳遞信息，盡管備忘錄不像電子郵件那樣常見。當需要正式的或者書面的、格式化的溝通記錄的時候，就要寫一個備忘錄。不要像電子郵件那樣，應(yīng)該僅僅向組織內(nèi)部的人發(fā)送備忘錄。下表列出了撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄所需注意的事項。備忘錄元素適合提到盡量避免首部包含格式化為兩列的標準首部行遺漏首部的標簽發(fā)件人（From）行在發(fā)件人（From）行的姓名后面簽上名字的首字母在備忘錄的結(jié)尾處簽名起始行以主要想法或請求開始以敬語開始正文格式單倍行距在段落之間插入空行使用章節(jié)標題、列表和加粗來著重信息雙倍行距用一個很長的段落2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos7.撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄（1）使用印刷格式或者包含一個標題

如果所在組織提供了印刷格式或者備忘錄的電子模板，要充分利用它們來保持和其他備忘錄的一致。否則，可以在頁面頂端添加一個類似“Memo”或“Memorandum”的抬頭。下圖展示了使用公司格式的備忘錄。（2）包含一個標準的首部

備忘錄的首部列出了該文檔的基本信息。大多數(shù)備忘錄的首部都至少有四行，類似于電子郵件：日期（Date）、收件人（To）、發(fā)件人（From）和標題（Subject）（或者Re）。有些組織機構(gòu)規(guī)定了額外的行，例如優(yōu)先（Priority）或者常規(guī)（Routing）。在字處理軟件中可以使用格式化工具將一列中的首部標簽和另一列中對應(yīng)的文本對齊。2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos7.撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄某個公司的備忘錄2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos7.撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄（3）將日期拼寫出來

日期的格式取決于所在地區(qū)。例如，在美國6/5/15是May6,2015，在許多其他國家則是June5，2015。為了避免可能的混淆，可以將月份的名字拼寫出來并包含四位數(shù)的年份。（4）使用名字或頭銜來稱呼讀者

可以為一個人或者一群人準備備忘錄。如果要將備忘錄僅發(fā)送給幾個人，在收件人（To）行中列出他們的名字即可。否則，使用職位頭銜或者對群組的描述，例如“Nobel項目經(jīng)理”或“所有團隊成員”。2.SimulatedWriting:CommunicatingwithE-mailandMemos(II)E-mailandMemos7.撰寫專業(yè)的備忘錄（5）省略敬語和簽名塊

在首部發(fā)件人（From）那一行，在名字的右面簽上名字的首字母，而不是使用敬語來開始一個傳統(tǒng)的備忘錄（就像電子郵件那樣）。這表明筆者已檢查過這個備忘錄，并且對其內(nèi)容負責(zé)。不需要用結(jié)尾敬語或者簽名來結(jié)束備忘錄。3.1Dialogue:TalkingaboutOperatingSystemsWordsconfigure[k?n'fig?]v.（尤指對計算機設(shè)備進行）配置，對（設(shè)備或軟件進行）設(shè)定boot[?bu:t]n.[計算機]引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)程序（=bootstrap）kernel['k??n(?)l]n.[計算機]內(nèi)核utility[ju:'til?ti]n.[計算機]（用于幫助查故障的）工具，實用程序(=utilityprogram)，公用事業(yè)，公用事業(yè)公司3.1Dialogue:TalkingaboutOperatingSystemsPhrasesaskfor請求，尋找aswellas也，和…一樣，不但…而且behindthescenes在幕后，秘密地beclassifiedas被歸類為…AbbreviationsROM ReadOnlyMemory 只讀存儲器SSDSolidStateDrive固態(tài)硬盤RAMRandomAccessMemory隨機存取存儲器

3.1Dialogue:TalkingaboutOperatingSystems3.2ListeningComprehension:AndroidListentothearticleandanswerthefollowing3questionsbasedonit.Afteryouhearaquestion,therewillbeabreakof15seconds.Duringthebreak,youwilldecidewhichoneisthebestansweramongthefourchoicesmarked(A),(B),(C)and(D).Questions1.Androidiswhichkindofplatformaccordingtothisarticle?(A)Close (B)Open (C)Obsolete (D)Old3.2ListeningComprehension:AndroidQuestions2．Dohardwareman