非謂語動詞講義高三英語一輪復習

非謂語動詞一.定義：不充當謂語的動詞形式二.分類：不定式（todo）；動名詞(doing);分詞（現在分詞doing、過去分詞done）三．非謂語動詞的句法功能主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√現在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√四．非謂語動詞的變化形式1.不定式：一般式進行式完成式否定式主動todotobedoingtohavedonenot+其他形式被動tobedonetohavebeendonenot+其他形式2.動名詞：一般式完成式否定式復合結構主動doinghavingdonenot+其他形式one’s/名詞’s所有格+其他形式被動beingdonehavingbeendonenot+其他形式one’s/名詞’s所有格+其他形式3.現在分詞：一般式完成式否定式主動doinghavingdonenot+其他形式被動beingdonehavingbeendonenot+其他形式4.過去分詞：done主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式表示“做某事…”(更側重具體某一次)取決于謂語動詞表示“做某事…”(更側重具體某一次)表將來/未發(fā)生的動作（主動或被動）目的結果原因動名詞表示“做某事…”(更側重慣常行為)取決于謂語動詞表示“做某事…”(更側重慣常行為)表性質用途現在分詞形容詞化的分詞“令人/使人…的”表示正在進行的動作/狀態(tài)(主動或被動)過去分詞形容詞化的分詞“感到…的”表示已完成的被動的動作五．非謂語動詞的句法功能分類解說：非謂語動詞作主語：1.不定式：表示:做某事…,更側重具體某一次；2.動名詞：表示:做某事…,更側重慣常的行為；注意:(1)常用it做形式主語代替不定式的固定句式（2）用it代替動名詞做形式主語的固定句式例句：1.Tobeeagoodteacherwasmyhope.2.Tolookafterthebabyisherjob.3.Tolearnthenewwordsisnecessarybeforewestartourlesson.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ittookthreedaysforhimtofinishthework.6.Itisimpossibleforhertobuythecarwithcash.7.It’snotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.8.It’sveryimportantnottotellhimthenewsforthemoment.9.Beingagoodteacherwasmyhope.10.Lookingafterthebabyisherjob.11.Learningthenewwordsisnecessarybeforewestartourlesson.12.Seeingisbelieving.13.It’snouseplaininghere.14.It’snousejustspeakingwithoutaction.15.It’snogoodarguingwithhimanylonger.16.It’snogoodwastingtimelikethis.17.Hisinglatemadethemeetingdelayedfor30minutes18.Notbeinginvitedisthereasonwhyshewasangry.19.Tom’snotfinishingtheworkontimemadehisbossunhappy.非謂語動詞作表語：1.不定式：表示:…是要（做）…2.動名詞：表示:…是要（做）…注意：不定式和動名詞作表語有時可通用，只不過不定式更側重具體某一次，而動名詞更側重慣常性的動作狀態(tài)考點：不定式作表語時，不定式符號to的省略情況：當be動詞前的句子部分有do/does/did等（當“做”講）時。現在分詞/過去分詞：作表語的現在分詞和過去分詞是容詞化了的分詞；現在分詞ving表示:令人/使人/讓人…的，過去分詞ved表示:感到…的exciteexcitingexcited;surprisesurprisingsurprisedinterestinterestinginterested;disappointdisappointingdisappointed;delightdelightingdelighted;embarrassembarrassingembarrassed;(注：有以上意義的分詞的原形動詞通常為使動詞)例句：1.Ourpurposeistofinishthejobinthreeweeks.2.Thedutyofapostmanaretodeliverlettersandnewspapers.3.Herjobistolookafterthebaby.4.Ourdutyistopointoutthemistakesyoumadeintheperformance5.Themostimportantthingnowistosavehimassoonaspossible.6.Theonlythingthatinteresthimisdancing.7.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.8.Herjobwasdoingcleaning.9.ThemostimportantthingIwanttodoisgoabroad.10.Whathedidthewholedaywasjustlieonbed.11.Thefirstthinghedidafterreceivingtheprizewascallhermotherandtellherthegoodnews.12.Whatyoushouldnothavedonewastellhimthesecret.13.Whatshecandoforyouishelpyouasmuchaspossible.14.Thenewsisexciting,andweareveryexcited.15.Iwassurprisedtoseehim.16.Hisbehaviorwassurprising.17.Thepresentsituationisencouragingandtheyareveryencouraged.18.Thisstoryisveryinteresting;I’minterestedinit.19.Theresultwasdisappointingandhewasdisappointed.20.Whatyousaidjustnowwasreallyembarrassing;wefeltveryembarrassed.非謂語動詞作賓語：關鍵：取決與謂語動詞的用法；記住三類謂語動詞的用法：（一）只接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：決心學會想希望，設法拒絕碰巧裝主動應諾聲稱愿，猶豫未能負擔幫decide/determine決心learn學會 want想 expect/hope/wish希望manage設法 refuse拒絕happen碰巧pretend假裝offer主動提出做 agree答應 promise許諾claim聲稱wouldlike愿意hesitate猶豫；fail未能做成；afford負擔;help幫忙)（do/todo）（二）只接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲介意想避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成禁欣賞不禁想象去冒險，不能忍受便逃亡consider考慮 suggest/advise建議 lookforwardto盼望 excuse/pardon原諒admit承認 delay/putoff推遲 mind介意；feellike想要...avoid避免 miss錯過 keepon繼續(xù) practice練習deny否認 finish完成 forbid禁止 appreciate/enjoy欣賞/感激can’thelp情不自禁 imagine想象risk冒險stand忍受escape逃避以介詞to結尾后接動名詞做賓語的常見短語：lookforwardto盼望;devote…to把…投入…中；payattentionto注意；beused/accustomedto習慣于；getdownto開始認真做某事；stickto堅持以可以省略的in/from結尾、后面接動名詞做賓語的常見短語：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有…困難haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很愉快/不愉快thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事沒意義stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止/禁止賓語…（三）既可接不定式又可接動名詞作賓語的動詞（注意兩者間意思的不同），常見的有：1.remember/forgettodosth記著/忘了要做某事remember/forgetdoingsth記著/忘了做過某事2.regrettodosth 遺憾地…(tell/inform/say)regretdoingsth 后悔做過某事3.stoptodosth. 停下來去做某事stopdoingsth 停止做某事4.trytodosth 努力/盡力去做某事trydoinsth 嘗試做某事5.meantodosth 意欲做某事meandoingsth意味著…6.goontodosth (做完某事)接著做另一件事goondoingsth 接著/繼續(xù)做某事（原來的事）7.can’thelptodosth 不能幫著做某事can’thelpdoingsth 情不自禁做某事8.beusedtodoingsth習慣以做某事beusedtodosth被用來做某事9.want/need/requiredoing/tobedone (主語)需要（被）…注意：非謂語動詞做介詞的賓語時只能用動名詞形式例句：（用括號里的詞的正確形式填空）1.Heputoff______________(make)adecisiontillhehadmoreinformation2.Irefused________________(accept)youradvice.3.Wecan’tstandyour________________(lie)tous4.Wearesorryfor__________________(notinform)youofthematter.5.I’mlookingforwardto_______________(see)youonChristmas.6.Iwouldprefer_________________(stay)foranotherweek.7.Shepretended______________________(notsee)mewhenIpassedby.8.Weagreed____________________(meet)here,butsofarhehasn’tturnedup.9.Icanhardlyimagine____________________(Petersail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.10.Iwouldappreciate_____________________(youcall)backthisafternoon.11.Wheredoyouconsider_______________(go)forthesummervacation?12.Iwanttogofishing,butmybrothersuggested________________(go)boating.13.IthinkIwillhavetogiveup_________________(play)football.14.Sorry,wedon’tallow___________________(smoke)inthewaitingroom.15.I’mtoobusyandcan’tafford_________________(waste)time.16.Heoffered__________________(drive)mehome.17.Weareconsidering_________________(change)thehouseforalargeone.18.Yousaidthatjusttoescape_________________(clean)theroom.19.Heclaimed_______________________(finish)theworkseveraldaysbefore.20.Thatmanadmitted_________________(kill)theoldman.21.Toperformwell,youhavetopractice______________(play)thepianomore.22.Excuseme,doyoumind______________________(Ismoke)here?23.Hearingtheamusingstory,weallcouldn’thelp_______________(laugh).24.Areyouusedto______________(live)here?25.Wehadgreatdifficulty_______________(find)yourhouse.26.Hehadlittletrouble__________________(workout)themathsproblem.27.Thisbookiswellworth_________________(read)oncemore.28.Ifeellike________________(go)toseeafilmtonight.29.Hedevotedallhislifeto________________(help)thepoor.30.Tomfailed__________________(pass)theexamandhismotherwasangry.31.Don’tattempt_________________(fool)me,oryouwilldiemiserably.32.Thefatherpromises________________(buy)atoydollforhisdaughter.33.Thereisnopoint____________________(argue)aboutthat.34.How/Whatabout__________________(go)outforawalkaftersupper?35.Iwouldlike__________________(listen)tomusicnow.36.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped________________(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.It’stoonoisy,pleasestop_____________(talk)soloudly.37.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sorry,Iforgot____________(turn)itoff.Iforgot____________(pay)forthefruit,soIgavethesellermoneyagain.38.Afterwriting,hewenton_____________(read).Hewenton________________(work)withouttakingarest.39.TheTVsetgoeswronganditneeds___________________(repair).40.Thebookisalittledifficulttounderstand,anditwants/requires_____________(read)atleastthreetimes.41.Iregret____________(tell)youthatyoufailedtheexam.Iregret_____________(spend)somuchmoneyonsuchuselessthings.42.Abreakdownonourwaywouldmean___________________(wewalk)forhours.Idon’tmean_________________(giveup)theplan,sodon’tinterferewithme.43.Sincethismethodcan’twork,try_____________(do)itinanotherway.Don’tworry,I’lltry_______________(help)youifyoumeetwithtrouble.44.Mum,I’mbusynow,soI’mafraidIcan’thelp______________(do)housework.Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelp_________________(cry).45.Heisusedto_______________(get)upearly.Bamboocanbeused___________________(make)paper.Answers：1.making2.toaccept3.lying4.notinforming5.seeing6.tostay7.nottosee8.tomeet9.Peter’ssailing10.yourcalling11.going12.going13.playing14.smoking15.towaste16.todrive17.changing18.cleaning19.tofinish20.killing21.playing22.mysmoking23.laughing24.living25.finding26.workingout27.reading28.going29.helping30.topass31.tofool32tobuy33.arguing34.going35.tolisten36.torest;talking37.toturn;paying38.toread;working39.repairing/toberepaired40.reading/toberead41.totell;spending42.ourwalking;togiveup43.doing;tohelp44.(to)do;crying45.getting;tomake非謂語動詞作定語：區(qū)別方法：（1）發(fā)生的時間：將來、正在、已完成（2）與被修飾詞之間的主被動關系不定式作定語：表示還沒有發(fā)生/即將發(fā)生的事情主動形式：todo;被動形式：tobedone現在分詞作定語：doing正在進行，主動（或只表示主動）;beingdone正在進行，被動過去分詞作定語：已經完成的被動動作或只表被動動名詞作定語：表示被修飾的詞的性質、用途注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語只表已經完成，不表被動例句：1.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisaboutmanagementproblem.Themeetingbeingheldisaboutmanagementproblem.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasaboutmanagementproblem.2.DoyouknowthemantoetoourschooltogivethelecturenextMonday?3.Whoisthemanswimminginthepool?4.Istheboystandingoverthereyourbrother?5.thebrokenwindow.thewindowbrokenbyTomthemoneystolenbythethiefspoken/writtenEnglish6.Thisisamethodbeingtested.7.Hewasthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.(固定句式)8.Ihavealettertopost.9.thefallingleaves; thefallenleavestheboilingwater; theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountries;thedevelopedcountriesaswimmingboy thedinningguestsaswimmingpool thedinningtableawalkingstick非謂語動詞作狀語：總原則：與句子主語的一致性，即：非謂語動詞的形式選擇要體現句子主語的情況。一致性主要體現在（1）與主語間的主被動關系（2）與句子謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的先后上（一）不定式作狀語：（主要充當三種狀語）1.目的狀語（只能由不定式充當）2.結果狀語表示出乎意料的或與意愿相違背的結果（特別是有標志詞時：only/just/never）另：固定句式中的結果狀語：too…to…;/enough…to固定句式中的原因狀語：sbbeglad/surprised/delighted/excited/disappointed…todosth;（二）現在分詞作狀語（充當除目的狀語外的其他各種類型的狀語）形式及意義：doing 表示與主語之間是主動關系，與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生（也可以只表示主動關系，不強調時間性）beingdone 表示與主語之間是被動關系，表示主語“正在被…”havingdone 表示與主語之間是主動關系，動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，表示主語“已經…了”havingbeendone 表示與主語之間是被動關系，動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，表示主語“已經被…了”（三）過去分詞done作狀語：(可充當除目的狀語外的其他各種類型的狀語）：表示與主語之間是被動關系，動作已經完成（也可以只表示被動，不強調時間性）非謂語動詞作狀語需要注意的事項：1.不定式與現在分詞都可以作結果狀語，區(qū)別：不定式表示的是出乎意料與意愿相違背的結果；現在分詞表示的是自然而然順理成章的結果2.垂懸分詞作狀語有些分詞短語，有固定的表達形式，作狀語時修飾整個句子，不受句子主語的限制，不用和句子主語保持一致，常見的表達有：generally/frankly/honestly/strictly/speaking一般/坦率/誠實/嚴格地說來…;judgingfrom/by…從…來判斷；considering…考慮到…;allowingfor…由于/考慮到…;totellthetruth/tobehonest說實話獨立主格作狀語“名詞/代詞+非謂語動詞”作狀語，相當于一個狀語從句的作用，但不是句子，其中不同非謂語動詞的選擇要根據與前面的名詞或代詞之間的主被動關系以及與句子謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的先后來確定，和句子主語沒有關系；獨立主格可以轉化成相應的狀語從句：前面加上相應的關聯詞，用前面的名詞/代詞做主語，把非謂語動詞變成相應時態(tài)和語態(tài)的謂語動詞非謂語動詞（短語）作狀語時的解題總原則/技巧：1.辨明邏輯關系（主被動關系）2.對比動作的時間關系（以確定用一般式還是完成式）例句：不定式作目的狀語1.（Inorder）Todoitbetter,weneedtoworkharder.2.Hesatdowntohavearest.3.Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.4.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.5.Theywouldliketodoanything(inorder)to/soastomakemoney.6.To/InordertomasterEnglish,youmustmakeefforts.例句：不定式作結果狀語：出乎意料與意愿相違背的結果7.Hehurriedtothestationonlytolearnthatthetrainhadleft.8.Hewenthomefromhisholidayonlytofindthathishousehadbeenbrokeninto.9.Thatmanliftedthestoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.10.Sheleftherhandbagonthetaxi,nevertofindit.11.Herhandbagwasleftonthetaxi,nevertobefound.12.Hewenttoseethegirlexcitedlyonlytobetoldthatshedidn’tlovehimatall.不定式在固定句式中做結果狀語13.Hewastooexcitedtosayanything.14.Sheistootiredtodothejob.15.Theyreachedthestationtoolatetocatchthetrain.16.Theproblemwastooplicatedforustosolve.17.Shespokeslowlyenoughtomakeushearherclearly.18.Thenewlybuilthallwasbigenoughtohold2000people.19.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.20.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.例句：不定式做固定句式中的原因狀語21.I’mverygladtoseeyou.22.Iwassurprisedtohearthenews.23.Theboywasdisappointedtoknowhismotherwouldnoteback.24.Shewasdelighted/excitedtolearnHarryPotterIVwouldbeonnextweek.例句：分詞作狀語25.Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.26.Studyinghard,hewouldlikenottobedisturbed.27.Theystoodthere,waitingforthebus.28.Notknowingtheexactdatetoleave,hetelephonedhiscolleaguetoaskaboutit.29.Beingdiscussed,theplanhasn’tbeendecided.30.Beingtested,thismedicinecan’tbeputintomarketrightnow.31.Havingpletedmytask,Iwenthome.32.Havingbeendamagedbadlybytheearthquake,thecityhadtoberebuilt.33.Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedtoheartheword“snake”.34.Havingseenthefilmtwice,Iamveryfamiliarwiththeplot.35.Havinglostachance,hedidn’twanttomissthisone.36.Pursuedbythepolicemen,thethieffledintotheforest.37.Althoughdefeated,heremainedapopularboxer.38.Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.40.Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.41.Badlytreated,thepoorgirlhadtobearsilently.現在分詞做結果狀語：順理成章，自然而然的結果42.Abigstormstruckthearea,causinggreatdamage.43.Aglassdoorhasreplacedthewoodenoneofthehouse,allowingmorelighttoein.44.Hedroppedtheglasscupontotheground,breakingitintopieces.例句：垂懸分詞做狀語45.Judgingfromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.46.Generallyspeaking,womencrymoreeasilythanmen.47.Allowingfor/Consideringyourpoorhealth,you’dbetternotgoclimbingthemountain.48.Ididn’t,totellthetruth/tobehonest,knowthefactatall.例句：獨立主格結構作做狀語49.Theprojectfinished,theytooktwoweeksoff.=______________________________________,theytooktwoweeksoff50.Weatherpermitting,weshallstarttomorrow.=______________________________________,weshallstarttomorrow.51.Hebeingabsent,nothingcouldbedone.=______________________________________,nothingcouldbedone.52.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,yourworkiswelldone.=______________________________________________,yourworkiswelldone.53.Hiscarstolen,hewasverysad.=_________________________________________,hewasverysad.54.Therainnothavingfallenforalongtime,thecropsalmostdied.=___________________________________________________,thecropsalmostdied.55.TheNationalGamestobeheldinourcity,weareexcitedasthehost.=__________________________________________________,weareexcitedasthehost.Answers:49.Aftertheprojectwasfinished50.Iftheweatherpermits51.Becausehewasabsent52.Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration53.Becausehiscarwasstolen54.Becausetherainhadn’tfallenforalongtime55.BecausetheNationalGamesistobeheldinourcity非謂語動詞做補語：非謂語動詞做補語用什么形式，取決于動詞的規(guī)定用法以及記住幾個固定句式例如：seesb(to)do;allowsbtodo;persuadesbtodosth;catchsbdoing等注意區(qū)別：allow/permit/forbid/advisedoingsth(doing作賓語)allow/permit/forbid/advisesbtodosth(todo作賓補)有關非謂語動詞作補語的幾個固定句型：(一)3個使役結構（使/讓賓語…）(1)have使役結構：have+賓語+賓補（動詞原形do）“讓賓語去做某事”have+賓語+賓補（現在分詞doing）“讓賓語一直…”have+賓語+賓補(過去分詞done)“使賓語被…”(2)make使役結構：make+賓語+賓補(動詞原形do)“讓賓語去做某事”make+賓語+賓補(過去分詞done)“使賓語被…”make+賓語+賓補(名詞/代詞)“使賓語成為…/把賓語當作…”(3)get使役結構：get+賓語+賓補(不定式todo)“讓賓語去做某事”get+賓語+賓補(現在分詞doing)“使賓語開始…”get+賓語+賓補(過去分詞done)“使賓語被…”注意：“make+sb+do作賓補結構被動語態(tài)為：sbbemadetodo（二）感官動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）結構：hear/see/notice/fee/find/observe/watch…+賓語+賓補賓補為dosth“聽到/看到/注意到…賓語做過某事”賓補為doingsth“聽到/看到/注意到…賓語正在做某事”賓補為done“聽到/看到/注意到…賓語被…了”注意“hear/see/notice/fee/find/observe/watch…+sb/sth+do結構被動語態(tài)為：sb/sthbeheard/seen/noticed…todosth(三)with復合結構with+賓語+賓補賓補為todo時：表示賓語將要做某事賓補為doing時：表示賓語正在做某事賓補為beingdone時：表示賓語正在被…賓補為done時：表示賓語被…了賓語為havingdone時：表示賓語已經…了（強調發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前）賓語為havingbeendone時：表示賓語已經被…了（強調發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前）(四)leave復合結構（leave+賓語+賓補）使某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)(1)leavesb/sthdoing（主動）(3)leavesthdone/undone（被動）(五)catch+賓語+doing作賓補“逮住/發(fā)覺賓語正在…”例句：1.Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.2.Iwantyoutotakeamessageforme.3.Theteacherencouragedhimtoworkharder.4.Thegeneralorderedhissoldierstofire.5.Howcouldyouforcehimtodowhathedoesn’twantto?6.Thebusinessmanintendedhissontodothesamejobashedid.7.IinvitemyfriendstoetomyhomeonSunday.8.Wefinallypersuadedhimtoacceptouradvice.9.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowpeopletosmokehere.10.Weforbidspeakingloudlyinclass.Weforbidanyonetospeakloudlyinclass.→Anyoneisforbiddentospeakloudlyinclass.11.Headvisesstartingoutearlytomorrowmorning.Headviseshertostartoutearlytomorrowmorning.→Sheisadvised(byhim)tostartoutearlytomorrowmorning.12.Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomefruit.Thepeasantshadtheirtractorsworkingalldaylongduringharvesttime.Iwillhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.Tomhadhisleghurtwhileplayingfootball.Mr.Smithhadhiswalletstolenonthebus.13.Mothermademegototheshopandbuysomefruit.Iwillmakemybikerepairedtomorrow.Weshouldworkhardtomakeourcountrystronger.Duringhisstudieshemadet