材料英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯

材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯材料的類(lèi)型Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer

部分材料性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,

電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivityandresistivity,

熱導(dǎo)率thermalconductivity,

應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stressandstrain,

彈性應(yīng)變elasticstrain,

塑性應(yīng)變plasticstrain,

屈服強(qiáng)度yieldstrength,

最大抗拉強(qiáng)度ultimatetensilestrength,

最大強(qiáng)度ultimatestrength,

延展性ductility,

伸長(zhǎng)率elongation,

斷面收縮率reductionofarea,

頸縮necking,

斷裂強(qiáng)度breakingstrength,

韌性toughness,

硬度hardness,

疲勞強(qiáng)度f(wàn)atiguestrength,

蜂窩honeycomb,

熱脆性heatshortness,

晶胞中的原子數(shù)atomspercell,

點(diǎn)陣lattice,陣點(diǎn)latticepoint,

點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)latticeparameter,

密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,

六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,

體心立方body-centeredcubic,

面心立方face-centeredcubic,

彌勒指數(shù)Millerindices,

晶面crystalplane,

晶系crystalsystem,

晶向crystaldirection,

相變機(jī)理Phasetransformationmechanism:

成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleation–growthtransition,

斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,

有序無(wú)序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition,

馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，

成核nucleation,

成核機(jī)理nucleationmechanism,

成核勢(shì)壘nucleationbarrier,

晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleusofcrystal,

（金屬組織的）基體quay,

基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,

子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal,

耔晶，晶種seedcrystal,

耔晶取向seedorientation,

籽晶生長(zhǎng)seededgrowth,

均質(zhì)核化homogeneousnucleation,

異質(zhì)核化heterogeneousnucleation,

均勻化熱處理homogenizationheattreatment,

熟料grog,

自恰場(chǎng)self-consistentfield

固溶體Solidsolution:

有序固溶體orderedsolidsolution,

無(wú)序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution,

有序合金orderedalloy,

無(wú)序合金disorderedalloy.

無(wú)序點(diǎn)陣disorderedlattice,

分散，擴(kuò)散，彌散dispersal,

分散劑dispersant,

分散劑，添加劑dispersantadditive,

分散劑，彌散劑dispersantagent

缺陷defect,imperfection,

點(diǎn)缺陷pointdefect,

線缺陷linedefect,dislocation,

面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,

體缺陷volumedefect,

位錯(cuò)排列dislocationarrangement,

位錯(cuò)陣列dislocationarray,

位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán)dislocationatmosphere,

位錯(cuò)軸dislocationaxis,

位錯(cuò)胞dislocationcell,

位錯(cuò)爬移dislocationclimb,

位錯(cuò)滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,

位錯(cuò)聚結(jié)dislocationcoalescence,

位錯(cuò)核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,

位錯(cuò)裂紋dislocationcrack,

位錯(cuò)阻尼dislocationdamping,

位錯(cuò)密度dislocationdensity,

體積膨脹volumedilation,

體積收縮volumeshrinkage,

回火tempering,

退火annealing,

退火的，軟化的softened,

軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening,

淬火quenching,

金相相組織phaseconstentuent,

相襯phasecontrast,

相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope,

相襯顯微術(shù)phasecontrastmicroscopy,

相分布phasedistribution,

相平衡常數(shù)phaseequilibriumconstant,

相平衡圖phaseequilibriumdiagram,

相變滯后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N

系統(tǒng)相關(guān)系phaserelationshipsintheAl-Si-O-Nsystem,

相分離phasesegregation,phaseseparation,

玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,

相序phaseorder,phasesequence,

相穩(wěn)定性phasestability,

相態(tài)phasestate,

相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phasestabilerange,

相變溫度phasetransitiontemperature,

相變壓力phasetransitionpressure,

同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphictransformation,

相平衡條件phaseequilibriumconditions,

顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructures,

不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution,

轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution,

低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,

不混溶性immiscibility,

固態(tài)反應(yīng)solidstatereaction,

燒結(jié)sintering,

相變機(jī)理Phasetransformationmechanism:

成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleation–growthtransition,

斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,

有序無(wú)序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition,

馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，

成核nucleation,

成核機(jī)理nucleationmechanism,

成核勢(shì)壘nucleationbarrier,

晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleusofcrystal,

（金屬組織的）基體quay,

基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,

子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal