新概念第二冊(cè)Lesson3-lesson4完整版

Lesson3

Pleasesendmeacard請(qǐng)給我寄一張明信片Lead-in

Howmanycardsdidthewritersend?Whatdidhethinkabouteveryday?Whatdidhethinkabouteveryday?Whatdidhethinkabouteveryday?

Whatdidhethinkabouteveryday?Didhewriteanycardsornot?Newwords&Expressions1send[send]v.寄，送2postcard['p?ustkɑ:d]n.明信片3spoil[sp?il]v.使索然無(wú)味，損壞4museum[mju:'zi?m]n.博物館5public['p?blik]a.公共的6friendly['frendli]a.友好的7waiter['weit?]n.服務(wù)員，招待員8lend[lend]v.借給9decision[di'si??n]n.決定10whole[h?ul]a.整個(gè)的11single['si?g?l]a.唯一的，單一的Newwordssend/send/1)sendsth.tosb./sendsb.sth

sendaletter寄信類(lèi)似的用法還有g(shù)ive,take,pass,read,sell,show..3a-P152)send/takechildrentoschoolsend/take區(qū)別：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過(guò)第三人去送，如美國(guó)的校車(chē)。例如：Tom’sfathersendshimtoschooleveryday.Marytookhersontoschoolyesterday.

sendfor召喚，派人去叫sendback歸還sendin提交派遣spoil/sp??l/v.損壞，破壞（主要指精神上）過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞：spoiledorspoiltDon'tlethimspoilyournightThebadweatherspoiledmymindv.寵壞，溺愛(ài)Heisaspoiledchild.Shespoiledhersonbygivinghimtoomuchmoney.

這條小狗被寵壞了,每天到處小便.pisspublic/'p?blik/1)公共的：publicschool/place/house(pub酒吧)2)反義詞：private3)短語(yǔ)：inprivate私下里的-----inpublic公開(kāi)的例如：Whynothaveaconversationinpublic?Wearegoodfriendsinprivate.Lend/lend/1)過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞：lentlent2)lend/borrow區(qū)別借出：lend;lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.

例如：Afriendlywaiterlentabooktome.借進(jìn)：borrow;borrowsth.fromsb.例如：IborrowedabikefromTed.spend/spend/v.用，花銷(xiāo)

spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth/indoingsthspend300yuanonanewTV-setspendmuchtimeonsportsIspend10yearstolearnEnglishwell.Wespend3hoursontheNBAfinalgameslastnight.single/s??gl/1)唯一的，單一的：反義詞double例如：Therewasn’tasinglebusinthestree2)未婚的，獨(dú)身的：反義詞married

已婚的例如：Sheisstllsinglenow.1)postcard=card2)IDcard身份證creditcard信用卡cashcard現(xiàn)金卡namecard/visitingcard名片例如：Hereismynamecard.各種卡片的英文說(shuō)法birthdaycard生日卡Christmascard圣誕卡New-Yearcard新年卡Identitycard身份證studentcard學(xué)生證scorecard積分卡membershipcard會(huì)員卡intelligencecardIC智能卡entrycard入境卡4.museum/mju:`ziEm/n.博物館例如：LastweekIwenttothesciencemuseum.1)擴(kuò)展：thePalaceMuseum故宮theSummerPalace頤和園thesciencemuseum科學(xué)博物館6.friendly/`frendlI/adj.友好的1)構(gòu)詞法：名詞friend+ly構(gòu)成形容詞；類(lèi)似的詞：lovely,fatherly,brotherly…2)反義詞：unfriendly3)短語(yǔ)：inafriendlyway例如：Theytalkedeachotherinafriendlyway.befriendlytosb.例如：Mr.Leeisveryfriendlytous.9.decision/dI`sIVEn/n.決定1)makeabig/greatdecision=makedecisions=makeupone’smind例如：TodayImadeabigdecision.2)v.decidedecidetodosth.例如：Idecidedtobuyanewcar.3)decide/makeupone’smind區(qū)別decide指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮對(duì)疑難問(wèn)題、爭(zhēng)端等做出決斷，含有下決心取舍的意思。Decide后常接動(dòng)詞不定式和從句。例如：Theboydecidedtobecomeasailor.Theycouldn’tdecidewhattheyshoulddonext.makeupone’smind指毫不猶豫的做出決定，意味著“打定主意，下定決心”。Makeupone’smind后常接動(dòng)詞不定式，一般不接從句。例如：He’smadeuphismindtobeadoctor.I’vemadeupmymindtobuyanewcar10.whole/hEul/adj.整個(gè)的whole/all區(qū)別whole和all都有“全部的”意思，但其用法有區(qū)別：1)whole和all都可用在表示整體的單數(shù)名詞之前，但限定詞的位置不同all+限定詞+單數(shù)名詞；限定詞+whole+單數(shù)名詞例如：Thewholecityarebusycleaningthestreets.Allthecityarebusycleaningthestreets.2)whole和all可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同all+限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞；thewholeof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞例如：Allthestudentsarehere.Thewholeofthestudentswenttothecinema.3)whole一般不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞或物質(zhì)名詞。修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般其前有數(shù)量詞。而all能用于各種情況例如：Tomdrankallthewaterinthebottle.Myfatherwillstayinbedforthreewholedays.ListentothetapeHowmanycardsdidthewritersend? Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!Explainthetext1)alittleItalian：語(yǔ)言不可數(shù)，所以要用alittleItalian或afewwordsofItalianalittle/little/afew/few的區(qū)別：alittle/afew都用肯定句，分別表示“有一點(diǎn)”和“有幾個(gè)”，但alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞；afew修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)little/few都用否定句，分別表示“沒(méi)有多少”和“沒(méi)有幾個(gè)”，但little修飾不可數(shù)名詞；few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2)teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.sendsth.tosb.=sendsb.sth雙賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中許多動(dòng)詞帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)通常是人，直接賓語(yǔ)通常是物。例如：Helentmeabook.=Helentabooktome.Heboughtmeabook.=Heboughtabookforme.間接賓語(yǔ)人在后面時(shí)，其前必須加間接賓語(yǔ)人在后面時(shí)，其前必須加間接賓語(yǔ)人在后面時(shí)，其前必須加間接賓語(yǔ)人在后面時(shí)，其前必須加to(對(duì)…而言)或for（為…而做）例如：Pleasegiveabooktome.IboughtabookforyouHetookflowerstohiswife.Sheorderedsoupforyou.to與for的區(qū)別：如果只能翻譯為＂給＂的，就用to例如：Mr.Smithsendshischildrentoschooleverymorning.Healwayslendsmoneytohisfriends.果可以翻譯為＂給、替、為，就用forr\，與for相連的詞有：buy,,order,,make,find如：Pleasedoafavorforme.Myfathermadeabookcaseforme.Domeafavorplease.Doafavorforme.2.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.關(guān)于think的多個(gè)短語(yǔ)：thinkabout考慮，思考例如：Areyoustillthinkingaboutthemovie?thinkof考慮，想起例如：Whatdoyouthinkofmynewcar?considerofthinkover仔細(xì)考慮例如：PleasethinkeoverwhatI’vesaid.mulloverthinkout想出，想通例如：Atlastwethoughtouttheanswerofthequestion.關(guān)于花費(fèi)的多種方法：1)spend多用于人作主語(yǔ)，后接金錢(qián)或時(shí)間。sb.spend時(shí)間地點(diǎn)例如：Ispendmyweekendatmymother's.sb.spend時(shí)間(in)doingsth.例如：Hespenttwohour(in)finishinghiswork.sb.spend時(shí)間onsth.例如：Tomhavespentadayonhishomework.2)pay常與for連用，表示“付款”sb.paysm.forsth.例如：HowmuchshouldIpayforthesebooks?Youwillhavetopayforwhatyouhavedone.3)cost常用物作主語(yǔ)，表“價(jià)值或花費(fèi)多少錢(qián)”。sth.costsb.sm.例如：Thiscomputergamecostsme30yuan.Howmuchdoestheapplecost?4)take常用于Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.句型中例如：Itoftentakeshimehalfanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Itwilltakeusalongtimetofinishthework.ReadcarefullyandfindmoreanswersasquicklyasyoucanWheredidthewriterspendhisholidayslastsummer?Whatdidhedoduringtheholiday?Didhehaveagoodtime?Whydidn’theenjoyhisholidays?Whatdidhedoonthelastdayofhisholidays?Howmanycardsdidthewritersend?Payattentiontothekeystructuresspoilthepleasure/childpublicgardens/park/privategardensfriendly/brotherly/fatherly/lovely/lively/motherlyafewwordsofItalian/haveawordwithsb.thinkabout/thinkof/thinkoverdecide/makeadecision/makeupone’smindspend/cost/take/pay,spendthenight/holidayssingle=evenonelendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb./borrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.fromsb.雙賓語(yǔ)由直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)組成。直接賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，間接賓語(yǔ)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的方向（對(duì)誰(shuí)做）或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)（為誰(shuí)做），間接賓語(yǔ)緊接在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，但它不能單獨(dú)存在。它和直接賓語(yǔ)組成雙賓語(yǔ)，例：

Pleaseshowmeyourpassport.請(qǐng)把護(hù)照給我看一下。（yourpassport是直接賓語(yǔ)，me是間接賓語(yǔ)）

I’llfetchyouachair.我給你拿一只椅子。（achair是直接賓語(yǔ)，you是間接賓語(yǔ)）

間接賓語(yǔ)可以用一個(gè)由to表示動(dòng)作方向）或for表示動(dòng)作目標(biāo)）引起的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。這時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)之后。我們可以把上面例句改寫(xiě)為：

Pleaseshowyourpassporttome.

I'llfetchachairforyou.Comprehension理解1Thewriter___________.(a)doesn’tlikebuyingpostcards(b)doesn’tlikereceivingpostcards(c)doesn’tlikewritingpostcards(d)doesn’tlikepostcards2Whatwasthewriter’s‘bigdecision’?(a)Hedecidedtowritepostcardstohisfriends.(b)Hedecidedtospendthewholedayinhisroom.(c)Hedecidedtobuyalotofpostcards.(d)Hedecidednottowriteasinglecard.Structure句型3LastweekhewenttoItaly.Hewas_________Italylastsummer.(a)at(b)to(c)in(d)on4____________himafewwordsofItalian?Thewriter.(a)Whotaught(b)Whodidteach(c)Whatdidheteach(d)Whomdidheteach5Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter_________.(a)friend(b)asfriends(c)likefriends(d)inafriendlyway6Thewriter__________afewlines,buthedidn’tunderstandaword.(a)reads(b)read(c)red(d)reading7Hespentthewholedayinhisroom.Hewasinhisroom_________day.(a)thehole(b)theall(c)all(d)allofCACADBCVocabulary詞匯8Awaiterusuallyworksina__________.(a)publicgarden(b)shop(c)restaurant(d)privatehouse9Thewaiterlenthimabook.He_______abookfromthewaiter.(a)lent(b)borrowed(c)took(d)stole10Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe_______dayofhisholiday.(a)final(b)end(c)latest(d)bottom11Hemadeabigdecision.He_________.(a)thoughtaboutit(b)madeuphismind(c)changedhismind(d)madeawish12Hedidn’twriteasinglecard.Sohe__________.(a)wroteonlyone(b)didn’twriteevenone(c)wrotejustone(d)wroteallthecardsexceptoneCBABBExercisesonP.221.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.2.Hehandedtheprizetome.3.Thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.4.Hesoldmeallhisbooks.5.Theshopassistantfoundmesomecurtainmaterial.6.Hedidabigfavourforme.7.Sheshowedhernewhattoherhusband.8.Shepromisedthefinderareward.9.Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.10.Hisuncleleftsomemoneyto/forhim.11.HeisteachingusEnglish.12.Iboughtyouthisbunchofflowers.13.Bringmethatbook,please.14.Heofferedacigarettetome.15.Readthefirstparagraphforme.激動(dòng)人心的旅行Lesson4

Anexcitingtrip?Haveyoueverbeenabroad?HaveyouheardofAustralia?WhatdidyouknowaboutAustralia?AustaliaCanberraSydneySheepKangarooKolabearbroadenone’smind,visitnewplaces,meetnewpeople,trydifferenttypesoffood,

experiencenewculture…Newwordsexcitingadj.令人興奮的excited感到興奮的-ed自己感到interested,bored,-ing令人感到interesting,boring,e.g.Iaminterestedinthisbook.

Thisisaninterestingbook.v.接受，收到（客觀的收到）e.g.receivealetter(fromsb.)ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowers.同義accept同意，接受（主觀）e.g.ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersbutIdidn’tacceptit.receiveNewwordsNewwordsfirmn.商行，公司lawfirm法律公司company公司differentadj.不同的——same相同的adv.differently,n.differencee.g.Mycoatisdifferentfromyours.Newwordscentren.中心，中央（美式center）adj.central中央的，中心的e.g.inthecentre(ofsp),centralpark,thecitycentreabroadadv.在國(guó)外e.g.goabroad,studyabroad

liveabroad,beabroadListentothetapeWhyisTimfindingthistripexciting?Ihave

just

receivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsix

months.Timisanengineer.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhehas

already

visitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.Hehas

just

boughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhas

never

beenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.AnexcitingtripNotesonthetext1.Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother.收到某人來(lái)信2.Heisworkingforabigfirm.getaletterfromsb.havealetterfromsb.hearfromsb.在…上班、任職,還可以用workat/ine.g.Myfatherworksforacompany.3.hehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.anumberof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。agreatmanyof+可數(shù)名詞Agreatnumberofstudentsarefondofmusic.Agreatnumberofboyslikeplayingbasketball.Notesonthetext4.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings.Hehasgonetothesouth.(還在)Hehasbeentothesouth.(去過(guò))5.Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.find+n+adj.覺(jué)得…怎么樣e.g.IfindthefilmdisappointingHefindsthebookveryinteresting.3.Wefindhimgreat.4.Ifindtheflowersbeautiful.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter

hasalready

come.Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式

have

done

has助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Grammar用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系:動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。

Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里

Ihave

hadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.--從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢nowpastfuture一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

for,since,sofar,never,just,already,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Grammarsumup一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/hasnot+過(guò)去分詞+其它疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它HehasbeentoAustralia.HehasnotbeentoAustralia.HashebeentoAustralia?當(dāng)堂鞏固--Willyougoshoppingwithmenow?--Sorry,Ican’t.I__