人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar動詞-ing形式作表語、定語和賓語補足語1．(教材P18)Youmayfinditastonishing(astonish)thatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.(賓語補足語)2．(教材P18)Suchtrainingwasmoninacting(act)familiesatthistime，especiallywhenthefamilyinewasoftenuncertain.(定語)3．(教材P18)Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining(entertain)．(賓語補足語)4．(教材P18)Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming(charm)character，thelittletramp，becameknownthroughouttheworld.(定語)5．(教材P18)Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalking(walk)stick.(定語)6．(教材P18)Theactingissoconvincing(convince)thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.(表語)動詞-ing形式作表語作表語的動詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞。1．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等。作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing...這類分詞有“令人……的”的含義，常修飾物?！鬞heargumentisveryconvincing.這個論點很令人信服?！鬑isperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.他的表演非常有趣，給我們帶來很大的樂趣。不定式和動詞-ed形式也可作表語，但不定式通常強調(diào)一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動作，動詞-ed形式則表示被動、完成含義。2．動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習慣性的動作，一般說明主語的內(nèi)容?！鬑erjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是盡量使報告廳保持干凈?！炯磿r演練1】——單句語法填空①Hisjobisveryboring(bore),buthehastodependonittosupporthisfamily.②Thisresultisverydisappointing(disappoint)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.③Itwasamazing(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.動詞-ing形式作定語動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作定語，但有所區(qū)別。1．動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種性能或用途，相當于for引導的介詞短語?！鬘ooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.閱覽室里不準大聲說話。◆Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我們有一個游泳池。2．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，它和被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主動關系，表示所修飾詞進行的動作，相當于一個定語從句?！鬞heboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操場上踢足球的那個男孩是我的弟弟。◆Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.＝Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.那個在舞臺上表演的女孩有舞蹈天賦?，F(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作定語的一般區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行或習慣性的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成意義；不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生?！鬥oushouldadapttothechangingsituation.你應該適應不斷變化的形勢?！鬞hegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.地上滿是落葉?！鬒’mlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找房子住?！炯磿r演練2】——單句語法填空/一句多譯①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.②Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworkto__do(do)．③(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.④正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語時，表示正在進行的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。動詞-ing形式常作以下動詞的賓語補足語。1．表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞(短語)(常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等)＋sb.＋doingsth.(作賓補)?！鬒feltsomebodystandingbehindme.我感覺有人站在我后面?！鬒sawthelittleboycryingthere.我看到小男孩在那兒哭。2．表示指使意義的使役動詞(常見的有have,let,keep,get,leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.(作賓補)?！鬢ekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著?！鬒won’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。使役動詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語表示“讓……一直做某事”。接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，表示“讓某人做某事”；接過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“主語請某人做某事，使完成某事或主語遭遇某事”?！鬊ecareful,oryou’llhaveyourhandshurt.當心，否則會弄傷手的。3．用于with復合結構中?！鬒couldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)?！鬢ithsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她，她感到緊張?！炯磿r演練3】——單句語法填空①WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhimsinging(sing)aChinesesong.②Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.③WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).④Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.⑤Hehadthewallspainted(paint)thismorning.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Thevillagerssawthefireburningbrightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere,theyfoundsomehousesburnttothegroundalready.(burn)2．Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding(stand)attheentrance.3．Hisfatherpromisedtobuyhimaracing(race)carwhenhegraduatedfromcollege.4．Thewomanlooking(look)athermapisarelativeofmymother.5．Tomyjoy,studentsstudying(study)inthisschoolarefriendlytome.6．Wandering(wander)alongthestreet,Frederickcaughtsightofanoldfriend.7．YesterdayIrequestedElizabethto__give(give)mesomeadviceonmyEnglishstudy.8．Watchingthechildrenplaying(play)basketballexcitedlyontheplayground,Icouldn’thelpjoiningthem.9．Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhimlying(lie)onabench,withhiseyesfixed(fix)onakiteinthesky.10．Itwasareallyterrifying(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasveryshocked(shock)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．Theman’sjobisdealwithtourists’plaints.deal→dealing2．TomlefthischildrenwatchTVwhilehewascooking.watch→watching3．Thesatisfyingsmileonhisfacesuggeststhathehasgotthejob.satisfying→satisfied4．Youmayfinditsurprisedthatthelittlegirlcanspeaksixforeignlanguagesfluently.surprised→surprising5．Doyouknowtheyoungladysatinthemiddleofthefirstrow？sat→sittingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法與寫作1．在“地球日”前的一周，我們就貼出大海報，號召我們學生為建立一個更加環(huán)保的地球而行動起來。AweekbeforeEarthDay,abigposterwasputuponcampus,calling__on__us__students__to__take__actionforagreenerearth.2．鳥兒在樹上歌唱，滿眼綠色，我感到既快樂又放松。With__birds__singing__in__the__treeandeverythingsogreen,Ifeelverydelightedandrelaxed.3．我們白天不應該開著燈。Weshouldn’tkeep__our__lights__burningintheday.4．讓他不高興的是他把他最喜歡的自行車丟了。Whathasmadehimunhappyislosing__his__favourite__bike．5．很多學生不喜歡那些無聊到讓人想睡著的演講。Manystudentsdon’tlikethoseboring__speecheswhichmakethemfallasleep.6．安德魯喜歡看窗外一列列駛過的火車。Andrewlikeswatching__the__trains__going__byfromthewindow.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Shewasaninspiring(inspire)teacherandagiftedscientisttoherfollowers.2．Denny,doyouknowthegirlreading(read)Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandoverthere?3．Theresearchersfinditsurprising(surprise)thatthewordsarestillclearenoughtoreadafter2，000years.4．Nickisworriedthathecan’tgetpromoted,butIthinkit’ssillyto__worryaboutthingswhichareoutofhiscontrol.(worry)5．Isawseveralchildrenmaking(make)abigsnowmanintheyardwhenIpassedby.6．Iwaslisteningtoanamusing(amuse)programmeontheradio,whichmademelaughout.7．Theshockingnewsthathediedlastnightmadeeveryonedeeplyshocked．(shock)8．Themansayspleasing(please)customersisoneofthebestwaysbusinessshouldfollow.9．Hecameintotheofficewithadepressed(depress)lookbecauseoflosinghispurseinthemorning.10．Withtheloveofherparentssurrounding(surround)her,shefeltveryhappy.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解Childrenexperienceadvertisinginmanyforms—onTV,radio,magazines,newspapers,movies,theInternet,textmessages,socialmedia(媒體)andmore.Andadvertisingworksonchildren.Forexample,themoreTVachildwatches,themoretoysthatchildislikelytowantandaskfor.Thisiswhyit’simportantforchildrentolearnthatadvertisementsaretryingtomakepeoplepurchasesomething.Andadvertisersalwaysaimtomaketheirproductslookgood,perhapsevenbetterthantheyreallyare.Advertisingaffectschildrenindifferentways.Howchildrenthinkofadvertisingcandependonseveralthings,includingtheirage,whattheyknoworhaveexperienced.At0－2years,childrencan’ttellthedifferencebetweenadvertisingandactualprograms.At3－6years,childrencanrecognizeadvertisementsandtellthemfromprograms,buttheydon’tunderstandthatadsaretryingtosellsomething.Andtheyarelikelytothinkofadvertisementsasbeingfunny.At7－11years,whenchildrengotoprimaryschool,theycanunderstandthatadvertisementsaretryingtosellthemsomething,rememberadvertisingmessagesandrecognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)likeadvertisementsoverstating(夸大)howgoodproductsare.However,theymightnotalwaysunderstandthatproductsaren’tasgoodasadvertisementssaytheyare,orthatadvertisersmightnotbetellingthemanyoftheproducts’badpoints.Tolimittheeffectsofadvertisingonschool-agechildren,themostimportantthingparentscandoistalkaboutadvertisementsandencouragetheirchildrentothinkaboutwhatthey’retryingtodo.It’sagoodideatofocusontheadvertisementsthatachildseesmostoften.Forexample,parentscangettheirchildrenthinkinganddevelopingaquestioningattitude.Inotherwords,what’stheproductinthisadvertisement?Whatisitfor?Whoisitfor?Theycanalsoasktheirchildrenaboutthetechniquesthatarebeingusedtosellaproduct.Thiscanhelpthemworkouthowanadvertisementmakesitsproductlookgood.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了孩子們對廣告的認知以及如何引導孩子正確看待廣告。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“purchase”inParagraph1mean?A．Watch. B．Say.C．Buy. D．Discuss.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的Forexample,themoreTVachild...wantandaskfor.可知，孩子們電視看得越多，想要買的東西越多，那么作為父母應該讓孩子們知道廣告的目的就是說服人們“購買”東西。2．Whatdochildrenaged0－2thinkofadvertisements?A．Theyareprettyfunny.B．Theyaretryingtoselltoys.C．Theyarebeingshowninmanyways.D．Theyarenodifferentfromotherprograms.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段At0－2years,childrencan’ttell...actualprograms.可知，0－2歲的孩子認為廣告和其他節(jié)目沒有區(qū)別。3．Atwhatagecanchildrenknowadvertisementsarenottellingthetruth?A．2. B．3.C．5. D．8.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的recognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)．..goodproductsare可知，7－11歲的孩子逐漸能夠判斷出廣告中的內(nèi)容有夸大成分，并非全部屬實。4．Howcanparentslimittheinfluenceofadvertisingontheirchildren?A．Byguidingthemtoseethroughadvertisements.B．Byteachingthemhowtorunadvertisements.C．Bybuyingadvertisedproductsandparingthem.D．Bytalkingaboutthemostsuccessfuladvertisements.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Forexample,parentscangettheirchildren...Whoisitfor？可知，父母要引導孩子看清廣告的真相。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Iliveinahousewithabeautifulviewofhillsandourlittletown.WhenI__1__here24yearsagothemannextdoorwasbuildinga__2__inhisbackyardandIcould__3__himfrommywindow.Hewasbuildingitalone.Ienjoyedwatchingthe__4__oftheboatandIgottoknowmy__5__，Charles.Itturnedoutthiswashis__6__boat;hehadbuiltaslightlysmallerwoodensailboatbuthadsolditbeforeeversailingithimself.ItwasabeautifulboatbutCharles__7__togetonwiththebiggersteel(鋼)boat.Charlesdidthingsverycarefullyandwouldnotbe__8__tofinishanypartoftheboat.Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.__9__，withthepassingyears,Charles’s__10__begantoworsen.Andworkontheboatprogressedevenslowly.Thenhewasinabadcaraccidentwhichlefthimwithasore(疼痛的)backandthat__11__himevenmore.Althoughwedidn’t__12__it,Iknowhereachedapointatwhichherealizedhewouldneverbeableto__13__theboat.Hehadbeenworkingonitalmostdailyfor25yearsbuthecouldn’t__14__．Fortunately,Charleswasableto__15__theboatandtheotherdayIlookedoutthewindowandthebigboatwas__16__.Ihaven’ttalkedtoCharlessincetheboatwastakenaway.Itwasagreat__17__tomoveitandIsawCharlesouttherehelpingashewatchedhis__18__，onethatconsumed(消耗)somuchofhislife,headofftoitsnewowner.I’msureheisbothrelievedthattheboatisnolongerintheyardtomakehim__19__thathecouldn’tpleteitand__20__thatahugepartofhislifeisnolongerthere.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的鄰居查爾斯二十五年間一絲不茍，親自鑄造一艘鋼制帆船的故事。1．A.passed B．leftC．moved D．searchedC解析：根據(jù)上文中的Iliveinahousewithabeautifulviewofhillsandourlittletown.以及下文中的Igottoknowmy______，Charles可知，此處表示當“我”二十四年前“搬到(moved)”這兒的時候。2．A.house B．boatC．garden D．poolB解析：由下文中多次出現(xiàn)的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船(boat)”。3．A.watch B．warnC．a(chǎn)sk D．supportA解析：根據(jù)語境及下文中的Ienjoyedwatchingthe______oftheboat可知，從“我”家的窗戶上可以“看到(watch)”他。4．A.show B．pictureC．progress D．resultC解析：根據(jù)上文中的themannextdoorwasbuildinga______inhisbackyardandIcould______himfrommywindow和Hewasbuildingitalone.以及下文中的Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.可知，“我”喜歡從旁欣賞“鄰居(neighbor)”查爾斯的造船“過程(progress)”。5．A.worker B．neighborC．leader D．ownerB解析：參見上題解析。6．A.first B．secondC．only D．bestB解析：根據(jù)本句中的hehadbuiltaslightlysmallerwoodensailboatbuthadsolditbeforeeversailingithimself可知，這是查爾斯建造的“第二(second)”艘船。7．A.regretted B．failedC．a(chǎn)greed D．wantedD解析：根據(jù)上文可知，查爾斯曾造過一艘木質(zhì)帆船，還未親自試水便將它賣給別人。結合本句中的but可知，查爾斯“想(wanted)”建造一艘更大些的鋼制帆船。8．A.rushed B．pleasedC．patient D．boredA解析：根據(jù)本句中的Charlesdidthingsverycarefully以及下文中的Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.可知，查爾斯做事一絲不茍，“不慌不忙”地親自鑄造每一個零件，rushed符合語境。9．A.Strangely B．SuddenlyC．Unfortunately D．QuicklyC解析：根據(jù)本句中的withthepassingyears以及下文中的Andworkontheboatprogressedevenslowly.可知，“遺憾的是(Unfortunately)”，查爾斯年齡越來越大，“身體狀況(health)”漸漸不如當年。10．A.research B．behaviorC．safety D．healthD解析：參見上題解析。11．A.encouraged B．helpedC．slowed D．surprisedC解析：根據(jù)上文可知，查爾斯親自鑄造帆船零件，再加上他年齡大了，身體也不如當年了，造船進程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故讓他開始背部疼痛，這使得造船的進程“更慢(slowed)”了。12．A.talkabout B．careaboutC．waitfor D．dependonA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”雖然沒有和查爾斯“談論(talkabout)”過這艘鋼制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工(finish)”了。13．A.try B．finishC．buy D．forgetB解析：參見上題解析。14．A.continue B．startC．stop D．restA解析：根據(jù)上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年間，查爾斯?jié)撔挠谥圃爝@艘鋼制帆船，但是他現(xiàn)在無法“繼續(xù)(continue)”下去了。15．A.take B．buildC．sell D．turnC解析：根據(jù)下文中的itsnewowner可知，查爾斯將那艘鋼制帆船“賣(sell)”給別人了。16．A.broken B．doneC．replaced D．goneD解析：根據(jù)上文可知，查爾斯將那艘鋼制帆船賣給別人了。結合下文中的theboatwastakenaway可知，不久前的一天，當“我”往窗外看時，查爾斯的船“不見了(gone)”。17．A.duty B．taskC．exercise D．ideaB解析：根據(jù)上文中的thebiggersteel(鋼)boat以及下文中的IsawCharlesouttherehelping可知，將帆船從查爾斯的后院搬走是項艱巨的“任務(task)”。18．A.tool B．businessC．project D．planC解析：設空處指代查爾斯花了二十五年的時間建造的鋼制帆船，project意為“工程”，符合語境。19．A.remember B．believeC．imagine D．pretendA解析：結合全文，此處表示帆船從查爾斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如釋重負，因為它再也不會在這里“提醒著(makehimremember)”自己的遺憾，但同時他也有些“憂傷(sad)”，畢竟這艘船耗費了他二十多年的心血。20．A.afraid B．worriedC．a(chǎn)ngry D．sadD解析：參見上題解析。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)語法填空TheBritisharewellknown1.____________theamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaeveryyear.Tea2.____________(drink)byallclassesofsociety.ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.TeaismainlygrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbee3.____________importantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldand4.____________(e)acrossthedrinkinChina.Itwasnotlongbeforegreentea