人教版英語必修三新素養(yǎng)講義Unit4AstronomySectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar名詞性從句——主語從句1．(教材P25)Whatitwastobeewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2．(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3．(教材P26)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.4．(教材P26)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.5．(教材P26)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.6．(教材P26)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.定義在主從復合句中，充當主語的從句叫做主語從句?！鬑owtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.地球是如何形成的對我們來說仍然是一個謎?！鬒tworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysplayingputergames.兒子一直在玩電腦游戲，這讓這位女士很擔心。引導主語從句的連接詞引導主語從句的連接詞有三類：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。1．連接詞that和whether/if(1)that引導的主語從句◆Thatmyparentsalwaystreatmeasalittlechildmakesmeveryunhappy.我的父母總是像對待小孩子那樣對我讓我很不開心?！鬞hatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.今年這所大學將招收更多新生是真的。(2)whether/if引導的主語從句◆Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.他是否能按時完成他的任務非常重要?！鬢hetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.運動會是否將舉行現(xiàn)在還不確定。(1)that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，無詞義，只起連接作用。(2)whether在從句中不充當任何成分，起連接作用，意為“是否”，不可省略?！炯磿r演練1】——用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空①Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.②Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.③Thatshebecameafamousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.④Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.2．連接代詞引導主語從句連接代詞引導主語從句，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語。常見的連接代詞有who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等?！鬢howillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.誰來撫養(yǎng)這個孩子還沒有決定?！鬢hichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.還不知道哪種生活方式對我們的健康最有利?！鬢hoeverlovestheirchildrenwillbelovedbytheirchildren.愛孩子的父母會被孩子愛?！鬢hateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.無論你做什么都不應該傷害別人。【即時演練2】——用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空①Whatmovedmemostdeeplywasthedeeplovebetweentheboyandhisparents.②Whichpartofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.③Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.④Whoeverwantstowintheelectionwillfacelotsofdifficulties.3．連接副詞引導主語從句連接副詞引導主語從句并在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、原因、方式等。連接副詞有when,where,why,how等?！鬑owthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.這本書如何銷售取決于作者本人?！鬢hereweshallhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.我們在哪兒開會都無所謂。主語從句中連接詞的選擇技巧：(1)根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所作的語法成分。(2)根據(jù)連接詞在從句中的意義?！炯磿r演練3】——用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空①Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.②Wherethevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.③Whentheywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.④Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingremainsamystery.4．主語從句與形式主語it有時為了考慮句子平衡，通常在含有主語從句的復合句中使用形式主語it,而將真正的主語從句移至句末。常見的用形式主語it的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1)Itbe＋名詞詞組＋主語從句．常用于這種句型的名詞有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等?！鬒tisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。(2)Itbe＋形容詞＋主語從句．◆(2018·江蘇卷)It’sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.真奇怪，他居然沒有得到主人的允許就把書拿走了。(3)Itbe＋過去分詞＋主語從句．◆Itisbelievedthatatleast20buildingsweredamagedordestroyed.人們認為，至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。(4)It＋不及物動詞(happen,seem,appear,etc.)＋主語從句．◆IthappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.他打時，我碰巧不在家。(5)It＋及物動詞＋賓語＋that從句．◆Itsurprisedmethatourparentswouldn’tliketoacceptnewthings.讓我吃驚的是我們的父母不愿意接受新事物。【即時演練4】——用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空①It’sknownthatknowledgeistreasureandpracticeisthekeytosuccess.②Itremainstobeseenwhethertheycantalkhimover.③It’sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerebadlyhurt.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.2．Whatparentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.3．WhetherTomwillwintheputerpetitionremainsasecrettillnextMonday.4．Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.5．Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowornotdependsontheweather.6．Whoevergetstothehomefirststartscookingthesupper.7．Whyhegaveupthechanceofstudyingabroadisunknown.8．WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.9．Accordingtotherules,whoeverfailstoreturnthebooksontimewillhavetheiraccountsfrozen.10．ThatPeterwonthefirstprizeinthefinalexaminationsurprisedallofus.11．Whatmovedmemostinthisfilmwasthattheboygaveallhismoneytothehomeless.12．Whetherhewillattendthemeetingornottomorrowdependsonhistimeschedule.13．ItisagreatpitythatLiYong,afamoushostinCCTV,diedofcancerattheageoffifty.14．Howhemanagedtofinishthetaskbyhimselfisstillamysterytome.15．WhenhewillebackfromCanadaisn’tknown,soIwillcallhimuptochecktheexacttime.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)語法與寫作1．使林先生興奮的是讀者給予他的新書很高的評價。WhatmadeMr.Linexcitedwasthathisnewbookwashighlypraisedbyreaders.2．使張女士擔心的事情是她的女兒沒有回家。ItworriedMrs.Zhangthatherdaughterdidn’tebackhome．3．我們得不到的看起來比我們擁有的好。Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.4．這個計劃是否會實施還不知道。Itisstillunknownwhethertheplanwillbecarriedout．5．誰將負責我們班級到目前為止還沒確定。Whowilltakechargeofourclasshasn’tbeendecidedsofar.6．很明顯，班主任對考試結(jié)果很滿意。Itisobviousthattheheadteacherispleasedwiththeresultoftheexam．7．他在那么多人面前向他的父母表示感謝讓他的父母很感動。Thatheexpressedhisthankstohisparentsinfrontofsomanypeoplemovedhisparents.8．孩子們最需要的是愛而不是錢和玩具。Whatkidsneedmostisloveratherthanmoneyandtoys.9．不管是誰干的這事，早晚要被抓住并受到懲罰。Whoeverdidthiswillbecaughtandpunishedsoonerorlater.10．他是如何掙到這么多錢對我來說依舊是個謎。Howhemadesomuchmoneyremainsamysterytome.[學生用書P131(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空1．WhatinterestedmemostwashowthemanescapedfromCubaandmadehiswaytoMiami.2．ThathersoncamebacksafelymadeMrs.Wangfeelrelieved.3．Whowillbeinchargeoftheprojectisquiteimportant.4．Whichoneisthehealthiestisuncertain.5．When/WhetherMr.GreenwillreturnfromChinabyplanehasn’tbeendecidedyet.6．Where/How/WhenBobgotsuchimportantinformationisstillamystery.7．Howourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.8．WhyJohnsongaveupsuchagoodchanceisstillunknown.9．Itwasreportedthatthetwopanieswouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.10．Itdoesn’tmattermuchwhetheryouwilletothepartyornot.11．WhyTommovedtoCanadasuddenlyremainsapuzzle.12．Whatcausedhimtobesoangrymadeuscurious.13．Itisagreatpitythatyoudidn’tgotoHelen’sbirthdayparty.14．ItisnotclearwhetherMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.15．Whatconcernsthebossmostishowtoimprovecustomerservice.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解Forpeoplelivinginthedigital(數(shù)字的)age,ithasbeealmostrequiredtobeactiveonsocialmedia.Facebookhasbeenaroundformorethan10years.AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter,InstagramandSnapchat,socialmediatakeupalargepartofoureverydaylives.Theyallowustomunicatewithourfamilyandfriendseasily.Theyalsoallowustojoinsomeorganizationsandmeetsomenewpeoplewewouldhaveneverhadthechancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.However,socialmediacanalsobeannoyingsometimes.Forme,Ifinditupsettingtoalwaysbeawareofwherepeopleareandwhatthey’redoing.ThiswasmyproblemwithSnapchat,becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.BackwhenFacebookwasbeingpopular,peoplebeganpointingouthowitmaybeunhealthy,becauseitallowsyoutopareyourlifewiththelivespeoplechoosetomakepublic.ThisisespeciallyaproblemonsomeplatformslikeSnapchat.ItwasupsettingtogothroughstoriesonalazySaturdayeveningwhereyouseepeopleoutdoingthingswhileyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.Thisisnottopaintsocialmediaassomedamagingforcethatisruininglives.Mostpeoplecanusesocialmediawithoutgettingannoyedorhurt.Ifyoufeellikeyoursocialmediauseishealthyanditmakesyouhappy,thenIencourageyoutocontinue.However,ifyouthinkitbringsouttheworstinyou,considertakingabreak.I’mnotmeaningneverusingTwitteragain,buttakingafewweeksormonthstostepawayandremoveitfromyourlife.IleftbothmyTwitterandSnapchataccountsactiveincaseIwishtomakethereturninthefuture.Fornow,I’menjoyingthefreedomthatgoeswithouthavingtocheckeverynotification(通知)andknowingeverythingabouteveryonetofocusonmyself.【解題導語】本文是一篇議論文。現(xiàn)在社交媒體在我們的日常生活中起著非常重要的作用，但是也給我們的生活帶來了一些消極的影響。1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellusaboutsocialmedia?A．Theyareconsideredannoyingbymostusers.B．Theyhavebeepopularallovertheworld.C．Theyareconsideredamustbydifferentagegroups.D．Theyhaveplayedanimportantroleinourdailylife.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter...chancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.可推測，第一段表明社交媒體現(xiàn)在在我們的生活中起著非常重要的作用。2．Whatwastheauthor’sproblemwithSnapchat?A．Shealwayshadtopayattentiontoothers’activities.B．Shedidn’thavemuchtosharewithothers.C．Shefounditdifficultforhertouseit.D．Shewastoobusytouseit.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Forme,Ifinditupsettingtoalways...becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.可知，作者的問題是：她不得不經(jīng)常去關(guān)注別人的生活。3．WhentheauthorwasgoingthroughstoriesonSnapchat,howdidshemostprobablyrespond?A．Shewasdeeplymoved.B．Shefelthappyforothers.C．Shewasgreatlyinspired.D．Shefeltsadaboutherlife.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的BackwhenFacebookwasbeingpopular,peoplebegan...whileyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.可推斷，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能為自己的生活感到難過。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Instagramismorepopularwithpeople.B．Peopleshouldleavesocialmediaonceforall.C．Socialmediahavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.D．Weshouldusesocialmediaaccordingtoouractualsituations.D解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段的Ifyoufeellikeyoursocialmediauseishealthy...considertakingabreak.可推斷，我們應該根據(jù)自己的實際情況來選擇是否使用社交媒體。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空WildfirescontinuesweepingacrossSouthernCalifornia.Somefamiliesarereturninghometofindtheirhousesarepletely__1__andmanythingsturnedtodustandashes(灰燼).It’s__2__，butstoriesofhope,liketheonefromthisVenturaCountycouple,arebeginningto__3__．DonandJulieMyershadbeenevacuated(撤離)fromtheirhome,andwhentheyreturned,theydidn’t__4__tofindsomethingsafterthebigfire.Thecouplehadasafetybox.__5__，whentheyopenedit,itseemedthateverythingwas__6__.Still,thefirefighterson-sitehelpedthem__7__thesafetyboxcarefullyjust__8__therewasanythingthatcanbesaved.Don__9__tolookthroughtheremnants(遺留物),andbydoingso,hefoundhiswife’soriginalweddingring.Juliehastworings:theoriginalone,whichwas__10__inthesafetybox,andanewonethatDonboughtfortheir25thanniversary.Shewas__11__thenewringatthetimeofthefire.Oncetheyfoundtheoriginalring,Dongotdownononekneeandre-proposed(再次求婚)toJulie,provingthatintimesof__12__，actsoflovewinthevictory.“Itwastruly__13__thathefoundit.Ihadthoughtwehad__14__itbecauseeverythingelsewastotallydamaged，”Juliesays.“Mysonphotographedtheproposal.ItwasverymeaningfulandIwasterribly__15__．”“ThesupportfromthepeopleinthecityofVenturawasamazing，”Juliesays.Sheadvisesthosewhowanttoofferhelpto__16__shoppingcards,becausemostpeoplehavesomanythingsto__17__afterbigdisasters.__18__，thewildfiresinSouthernCaliforniahave__19__230，000acresofland,includingpartsofLosAngeles,SanDiego,Riverside,Ventura,andSantaBarbaracounties.Thereareseveralorganizationsthatarelookingfor__20__andcontributions;youcanfindmoreinformationhere.【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場大火吞噬了南加利福尼亞，Don和Julie也在大火中失去家園，但他們的結(jié)婚戒指卻在大火中失而復得。大火還見證了人們之間的無私援助和真情。1．A.destroyed B．removedC．missed D．decoratedA解析：根據(jù)后文的manythingsturnedtodustandashes(灰燼)可知，大火持續(xù)吞噬南加利福利亞，一些家庭重返家園，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的房子完全被焚毀(destroyed)。2．A.touching B．heartbreakingC．disappointing D．surprisingB解析：大火毀掉了一切，所以可推測，這是令人傷心的(heartbreaking)。3．A.change B．hideC．pare D．a(chǎn)ppearD解析：盡管大火無情，充滿希望的故事還是有的，結(jié)合下文，Don和JulieMyers的愛情故事出現(xiàn)奇跡，故可推出答案。4．A.expect B．stopC．remember D．a(chǎn)greeA解析：根據(jù)上文的manythingsturnedtodustandashes(灰燼)可推測，他們并沒有期待(expect)能在大火后找到點什么東西。5．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Besides D．OtherwiseB解析：根據(jù)上文的Thecouplehadasafetybox.可推測，雖然他們有一個保險箱，但當他們打開它，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的東西都被毀掉了。6．A.unrecognizable B．pleteC．impossible D．wonderfulA解析：火勢如此之大，箱子里的很多東西都變得無法辨認(unrecognizable)。7．A.check B．fillC．close D．emptyA解析：根據(jù)下文的lookthroughtheremnants可知，在場的消防員幫他們查看(check)保險箱。8．A.incase B．a(chǎn)sifC．nowthat D．orelseA解析：在場的消防員幫他們查看保險箱，以防(incase)還能找到一些可以挽救的東西。9．A.pretended B．regrettedC．refused D．continuedD解析：Don繼續(xù)(continued)在大火燒過的遺留物中尋找。10．A.stuck B．keptC．forgotten D．leftB解析：他們有兩個戒指，以前的結(jié)婚戒指保存(kept)在保險箱里。11．A.takingoff B．researchingC．breakingup D．wearingD解析：在火災發(fā)生時，Julie戴著(wearing)新戒指。12．A.determination B．disasterC．congratulation D．depressionB解析：Don的這個舉動證明，在災難時刻，愛的行動最后會勝過一切。按照語境，他們找到結(jié)婚戒指時正處于災難現(xiàn)場，故可推出答案。13．A.amazing B．a(chǎn)musingC．frightening D．a(chǎn)nnoyingA解析：能在大火灰燼中找到結(jié)婚戒指，這種結(jié)局的確讓人驚訝(amazing)。14．A.thrown B．discoveredC．mistaken D．lostD解析：Julie原以為會失去(lost)那枚結(jié)婚戒指，因為一切被大火燒得面目全非。15．A.moved B．nervousC．proud D．upsetA解析：根據(jù)前文的ItwasverymeaningfulandIwasterribly可推測Julie是很感動的(moved)。16．A.rent B．putupC．giveaway D．lendC解析：她建議想要提供幫助的人可以給他們捐(giveaway)一些購物卡。17．A.select B．replaceC．repair D．designB解析：大火過后，大多數(shù)家庭的物品需要置換(replace)，因為他們家中的財產(chǎn)幾乎付之一炬。18．A.Unfortunately B．StrangelyC．Suddenly D．EagerlyA解析：不幸的是(Unfortunately)，南加州的野火燒毀了230，000英畝的土地。19．A.ignored B．surroundedC．burned D．buriedC解析：因為發(fā)生的是大火，故應該是燒毀了(burned)230，000英畝的土地。20．A.volunteers B．leadersC．petitors D．employeesA解析：大火過后，一些救援組織需要的應該是志愿者(volunteers)和人們捐贈的物資。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)語法填空TheBigBangtheoryisscience’sbestexplanationofhowtheuniversebegan.Thetheoryinsiststhatouruniverse1.____________(create)whenatinyandsuper-hotmassexplodedandbeganexpandingvery