江蘇省南通市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)統(tǒng)考英語試題(（解析版）)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南通市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)統(tǒng)考英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATherearethousandsofincredibletrailsthatallowustogetupclosetonatureandhereare4ofthebesthikingtrailsintheworld.PennineWay,theUnitedKingdomStretching268milesfromtheDerbyshirePeakDistricttotheScottishBorders,thePennineWayistheUnitedKingdom’smostfamouslong-distancepath.Theentirewalktakesaroundthreeweeks,passingoverwildeastofManchesterandthroughthepicturesqueYorkshireDales,beforecrossingtheancientborderofHadrian’sWallandmovingontowardScotland.CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela,SpainRatherthanfollowingasinglepath,theCamino,alsoknownastheWayofStJames,isactuallyaseriesofdifferentpilgrimage(朝圣)routes.ThemostpopularmodemroutefollowsalineacrossnorthernSpainfromtheFrenchPyrenees.Whilesomechoosetostayatmonasteries(修道院)alongtheway,plentyofoperatorsofferhotelstaysandluggagetransfers.AppalachianTrail,theUnitedStatesExtendingfor2,200miles,theAppalachianTrailisbilledasthelongesthiking-onlyfootpathintheworld.ItrunsfromSpringerMountaininGeorgiatoMountKatahdininMaine,passingthroughsomeofthemostremoteplacesintheUnitedStates.ThosekeenoncomfortcanusecompanieslikeGoShenandoah,whichofferspre-bookedaccommodationandpackedlunches.TheBashoWayfarer，JapanThisself-guidedtripfollowsaroutetakenbythepoetMatsuoBashoover300yearsago.Thesix-dayhikestartsinSendaiandworksitswaythroughthenorthernTobokuregion,passingthroughtheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofHiraizumiandalongtheancientDewaKaidopath,withitswonderfulforests,beforeheadingintothemountainsofNatagiri-togeandfinishingatthetempleofYamadera.1.Whichhikingtrailwillallowhikerstoseetheoldwall?A.PennineWay. B.AppalachianTrail.C.TheBashoWayfarer. D.CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela.2.WhatdoCaminodeSantiagodeCompostelaandAppalachianTrailhaveincommon?A.Theyhavemorethanonepopularroute.B.Theyhavebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.C.Hikersonthetwotrailscangetthedesiredhelp.D.Hikersonthetwotrailsmaygetacrosstwocountries.3.WhatcanahikerdoifhechoosesTheBashoWayfarer?A.Stayatamonastery. B.Visitfamousancientsites.C.Findaguidetoaccompanyhim. D.Pre-bookaccommodationandlunches.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是世界上最好的接近大自然的四條有不同特色的遠(yuǎn)足路線。〖答案〗1.A2.D3.B1．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PennineWay,theUnitedKingdom部分中的“Theentirewalktakesaroundthreeweeks,passingoverwildeastofManchesterandthroughthepicturesqueYorkshireDales,beforecrossingtheancientborderofHadrian’sWallandmovingontowardScotland.(整個(gè)旅程大約需要三個(gè)星期，經(jīng)過曼徹斯特東部的荒野，穿過風(fēng)景如畫的約克郡山谷，然后穿過哈德良長城的古老邊界，繼續(xù)向蘇格蘭前進(jìn)。)”可知，這條遠(yuǎn)足路線可以經(jīng)過哈德良長城的古老邊界，由此可知，PennineWay可以看到古老的城墻。故選A項(xiàng)。2．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela,Spain部分中的“ThemostpopularmodemroutefollowsalineacrossnorthernSpainfromtheFrenchPyrenees.(最受歡迎的現(xiàn)代路線是從法國比利牛斯山脈穿過西班牙北部的一條線路。)”可知，該路線是從法國的比利牛斯山脈穿過西班牙的北部，根據(jù)AppalachianTrail,theUnitedStates部分中的“ItrunsfromSpringerMountaininGeorgiatoMountKatahdininMaine,passingthroughsomeofthemostremoteplacesintheUnitedStates.(它從佐治亞州的斯普林格山一直延伸到緬因州的卡塔丁山，途經(jīng)美國一些最偏遠(yuǎn)的地方。)”可知，該路線途徑美國一些最偏遠(yuǎn)的地方，由此可知，這兩條線路共同之處在于他們可以穿越兩個(gè)國家。故選D項(xiàng)。3．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheBashoWayfarer,Japan部分中的“Thesix-dayhikestartsinSendaiandworksitswaythroughthenorthernTobokuregion,passingthroughtheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofHiraizumiandalongtheancientDewaKaidopath,withitswonderfulforests,beforeheadingintothemountainsofNatagiri-togeandfinishingatthetempleofYamadera.(為期六天的徒步旅行從仙臺開始，穿過東北地區(qū)北部，經(jīng)過聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)平泉，沿著古老的DewaKaido小徑，沿途有美麗的森林，然后進(jìn)入natagii-toge山脈，最后到達(dá)山寺。)”可知，該線路途徑聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)平泉，由此可知，在這條路線徒步旅行可以參觀著名的古跡。故選B項(xiàng)。BI’m52,andassurprisingasitmayseem.I’magymnast.Inasportforyounggirls,Ihavefoundanunlikelypathtojoy.WhenIenterthegym,nomatterhowmuchstressImightbefeeling,mymindclearsandIforgetmylife.IthinkofnothingbutwhatIamdoing.WhenIwas9,IwenteverySaturdaytoagymnasticacademy.Thecoachhadgrayhairandworeballetshoesandhadboundlessenthusiasm.Hewouldsay,“Youaregoingtobeagymnast.”AndIbelievedhim.IvividlyrememberthefirsttimeIdidaroundoffbackhandspringbymyself,theweightlessnessofit.IlivedforSaturdaymornings.Ionlyeverdidgymnasticsrecreationally—Ididn’tevenknowrealgymsexisted—butIalwayslovedit.Thatlongdormant(蟄伏的)lovecameroaringbackinmyforties.Ithappenedinaninstant,atparents’dayformydaughter’sbeginninggymnasticsclass.Thebarswerejustsittingthere,andIhadthisoverwhelmingurgetograbholdandswing.ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(熱身運(yùn)動(dòng))atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.Thereisnothinglikethethrillofgettinganewskill,thatcombinationofspeed,mechanics,timing,muscles,guts.Thereisanineffable(不可言喻的)element,too,somethinglikefaith.Bythetimewereachmiddleage,mostofushavehadtodealwithourfairshareofunwelcomesurprises,likeillness,familycrisisorthedeathofabelovedparent.Butgymnasticshasbroughtthemostdelightfulsurprises-Ikeepgettingbetter,surpassingwhatIthoughtwerelimits,amazingmyselfbywhatIcando.Atatimeinlifewhenmanythingsfeelliketheyareslidingdowntheslopetowardsold,gymnasticsisagiftoffluencyandcompetenceinmotion.I’minthebestshapeofmylife.I’mabettergymnastnowthanIwasat16.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortolovegymnasticswhenshewasyoung?A.HerSaturdayroutine. B.Thecoach’senthusiasm.C.Herwishtobeagymnast. D.Pleasurefromgymnastics.5.Whatmadetheauthorgobacktogymnasticclassesinherforties?A.Herdutyasaresponsibleparent.B.Thedesiretofitinwithherdaughter.C.Thestrongurgetoplaywiththebars.D.Hersweetmemoryofdoinggymnastics.6.Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheauthor’spersonality?A.Faithfulandeasygoing. B.Humbleandcompetent.C.Passionateandpersistent. D.Ambitiousandconsiderate.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thedreamofafitnesswoman B.Amiddle-agedperson’spursuit.C.Thestoryofasuccessfulgymnast. D.Asport-lover’sunusualexperience.【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候就很喜歡體操，在四十多歲的時(shí)候如何重拾體操技能，并在后來成為一個(gè)體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員，感受到了體操帶來的快樂和驚喜，并找到了這輩子狀態(tài)最好的自己，告訴人們即使到了中年我們也不要放棄追求自己所愛，并找到更好的自己?！即鸢浮?.D5.D6.C7.B4．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”(我做體操只是為了娛樂——我甚至不知道有真正的健身房存在——但我一直很喜歡它。)可知，作者喜歡體操只是為了娛樂，即作者能從體操中感受到愉悅。故選D項(xiàng)。5．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(熱身運(yùn)動(dòng))atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”（但在我去的第一堂成人課上，我沒能熬過熱身。我在訓(xùn)練過程中感覺很糟糕。我是那里年齡最大的人。但那記憶的火花卻閃耀著無限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。)可知，雖然對于四十多歲的作者而言練習(xí)體操的過程很艱難，但記憶的美好卻讓作者沒有放棄，一次次重回體操課。故選D項(xiàng)。6．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，作者在九歲的時(shí)候出于娛樂的目的，學(xué)習(xí)了體操；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thatlongdormant(蟄伏的)lovecameroaringbackinmyforties.Ithappenedinaninstant,atparents’dayformydaughter’sbeginninggymnasticsclass.Thebarswerejustsittingthere,andIhadthisoverwhelmingurgetograbholdandswing.ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(熱身運(yùn)動(dòng))atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”(在我四十多歲的時(shí)候，那份沉睡已久的愛又呼嘯而來。這一切發(fā)生在一瞬間，就在我女兒開始上體操課的家長日。欄桿就放在那里，我有一種強(qiáng)烈的沖動(dòng)，想抓住欄桿，揮桿。但在我去的第一堂成人課上，我沒能熬過熱身。我在訓(xùn)練過程中感覺很糟糕。我是那里年齡最大的人。但那記憶的火花卻閃耀著無限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。這很艱難，也很謙卑。但很快我就能像以前一樣做后手翻了。)可知，時(shí)隔多年，在中年的時(shí)候重拾對于體操的熱愛，克服了最初的困難之后，作者掌握了這項(xiàng)技能，遇見了更好的自己，可知即使到了中年，作者仍然能抱著熱情積極的態(tài)度，堅(jiān)持不懈地學(xué)習(xí)自己所熱愛的體操?？赏茢嗨且粋€(gè)熱情且執(zhí)著的人。故選C項(xiàng)。7．〖解析〗主旨大意題?？v觀文章可知，作者在第一段就表明了自己已到中年，卻仍然在做著年輕人的運(yùn)動(dòng)——體操，接下來介紹了作者與體操的淵源：九歲接觸體操，四十多歲重返體操課堂，并獲得了這項(xiàng)技能，在最后作者發(fā)表了自己的感想：即使到了中年，我們也可以去追求更好的自己，尋找更好的狀態(tài)，所以C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)中年人的追求”概括了文章內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。CTopfigureskatersspinatsuchunbelievablyfastspeeds—asmanyassixrevolutionspersecond—thatitcanmakeevenaudiencesfeelalittledizzy.Althoughtheyoccasionallyfalldownuponlanding,figureskatersmostlyspinthroughtheairwithoutlosingtheirbalance.That’sbecausetheyhaveconditionedtheirbodiesandbrainstostopthatdizzyingfeeling.KathleenCullen,aprofessoratJohnsHopkinsUniversity,studiesthevestibular(前庭的)system,whichisresponsibleforoursenseofbalanceandmotion,andsaysspinningwithoutfallingfromdizzinessisanartperfectedovertime.Atthestartoftheircareers,skatersandotherathletesfeeldizzywhentheyspinaround.Butultimately,theytraintheirbrainstobetterinterpretthatfeeling.“Somethingreallyfundamentalhappensinthebrainofpeoplelikedancersorskatersoverlotsofpractice.Andthat’sbasicallyachangeinthewaythebrainisprocessinginformation,”Cullensays.“Whenyouspinaround,you’reactivatingthesemicircularcanals(半規(guī)管).They’refilledwithliquidandthey’resensingyourcircularmovement.Butwhenyoustop,theliquidhasinertiaandittendstocontinuetomove.Theygetafalsesensationofmovement.Overyearsoftraining,figureskaters’brainshaveadaptedandlearnedtoignorethiserror.”Athletesalsolearnwaystoreducetheirdizziness.Forexample,focusingonafixedreferenceormotionlessobjectminimizesdizzinessandlossofbalance.“Balletdancersoftenmovetheirheadsaroundduringeachturntofixateonavisualreference.Similarly,attheendofthespin,athleteswillfocusonaspecificspotonthewalltoprovideafixedreference,”Cullensays.“Thebrainandtheinnerearareinconstantcommunicationwiththebodyandoneanothertoachievebalance,”saysBrigidDwyer,anassistantprofessorofneurologyatBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“Formostpeople,however,dizzinessisonlyapotentialissueduringfasterandmoreforcefulactivities,”Dwyersays.“Amazingly,whenneeded,ourbrainscanbewelladaptedtothedizzyingtasksweencounter.”8.Whydofigureskatershardlyfeeldizzyafterspinningintheair?A.Theycanmaintainthebalancewell.B.Theyareingoodphysicalcondition.C.Theyhavetrainedlongperiodsforthat.D.Theyaregiftedatcontrollingtheirbrain9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inertia”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Theforcetomakeanobjectmovefaster.B.Theforcetogetanobjecttostartmoving.C.Thenaturetochangeanobject’soriginalstate.D.Thenaturetoremainanobject’soriginalstate.10.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Scientificanalyses. B.Helpfulperception.C.Practicalexamples. D.Amazingoutcome.11.WhatdoesBrigidDwyerseemtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Dizzinessexistsinmanydynamicactivities.B.Thebraincancommunicatewithinnerears.C.Communicationisvitaltokeepingbalance.D.Thebraincanbeusedtodizzinessovertime.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了花樣滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員大多在空中旋轉(zhuǎn)而不會失去平衡的原因。〖答案〗8.D9.D10.A11.D8．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“That’sbecausetheyhaveconditionedtheirbodiesandbrainstostopthatdizzyingfeeling.(這是因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)調(diào)整了自己的身體和大腦來阻止這種令人眩暈的感覺。)”可知，之所以花樣滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員在空中旋轉(zhuǎn)后幾乎不會感到頭暈是因?yàn)樗麄兩瞄L控制調(diào)整自己的大腦。故選D項(xiàng)。9．〖解析〗詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段“They’refilledwithliquidandthey’resensingyourcircularmovement.(它們充滿了液體，它們能感知你的圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”和“ittendstocontinuetomove.(它傾向于繼續(xù)移動(dòng)。)”可知，當(dāng)你停下來的時(shí)候，它傾向于繼續(xù)移動(dòng)，說明液體是有慣性的，所以可推知畫線詞是“慣性”。故選D項(xiàng)。10．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Somethingreallyfundamentalhappensinthebrainofpeoplelikedancersorskatersoverlotsofpractice.Andthat’sbasicallyachangeinthewaythebrainisprocessinginformation(經(jīng)過大量的練習(xí)，像舞者或滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員這樣的人的大腦中會發(fā)生一些非?；镜氖虑?。這基本上是大腦處理信息方式的改變)”可知，本段的重點(diǎn)是聚焦在對運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大腦信息處理方式的科學(xué)分析上。故選A項(xiàng)。11．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Amazingly,whenneeded,ourbrainscanbewelladaptedtothedizzyingtasksweencounter.(令人驚訝的是，當(dāng)需要時(shí)，我們的大腦可以很好地適應(yīng)我們遇到的令人眼花繚亂的任務(wù)。)”可知，布麗吉德·德懷爾在最后一段似乎告訴了我們，隨著時(shí)間的推移，大腦可以習(xí)慣頭暈。故選D項(xiàng)。D“Goingwirelessisthefutureforjustabouteverything!”ThatisaquotefromscientistSreekanthChalasani,andwecan’thelpbutagree.Realizingthis,ateamofscientistshasmadeabreakthroughtowardwirelesslycontrollinghumancellsusingsound,inatechniquecalled“sonogenetics(聲遺傳學(xué)).”Thisconceptmayseemstrangebutletusexplain.Basically,theterm“sonogenetics”meansusingultrasound(超聲波)tochangethebehaviorofcellsinanon-invasivemanner.“Wealreadyknowthatultrasoundissafe,andthatitcangothroughbone,muscleandothertissues,makingittheultimatetoolforcontrollingcellsdeepinthebody,”saysChalasani.Low-frequencyultrasoundwavescantargetaparticularproteinthatissensitivetothesignal.Thisresearch,publishedinNatureCommunications,focusedonTRPA1.Whenthisproteinisstimulatedthroughtheultrasoundwaves,italsostimulatesthecellswhichcarryit.Whattypeofcellisbeingstimulateddependsontheoutcome.Forexample,amusclecellmaycontractwithstimulation,oraneuron(神經(jīng)元)inthebrainwillfire.Inthisexperiment,scientistsgeneticallymarkedcellswithanincreasedconcentrationofTRPA1,makingthemthekeytargetsoftheultrasoundwaves.Currently,treatingconditionslikeParkinson’sdiseaserequiresscientiststoimplantelectrodes(電極)inthebrainwhichstimulatecertaindisorderedcells.Researchershopethatsonogeneticscanonedayreplacetheseinvasivetreatments.Inthefuture,theteamwantstoadjusttheplacementandamountofTRPAIaroundthebodyusingthegenetreatment.Genedeliverytechniqueshavealreadybeenshowntobesuccessfulinhumans,suchasintreatingblindness.Therefore,it’sjustacaseofadjustingthistheorytoadifferentsound-basedsetting.“Genedeliverytechniquesalreadyexistforgettinganewgene—suchasTRPA1—intothehumanheart,”Chalasanisays.“Ifwecanthenuseanexternalultrasounddevicetoactivatethosecells,thatcouldreallychangepacemakers.”Thereisstillawhiletogobeforethistreatmentcanbecomeareality.Thefutureforsonogenetics,though,looksbright.12.What’sworkingprincipleforsonogenetics?A.Usingmedicineinterventionaltherapies.B.Changingcells’shapewithnewequipment.C.Controllingcellsinanon-invasivemanner.D.Usingakindofuniquemedicalcomposition.13.Whatdidthescientistsdointheexperiment?A.Changetheconcentrationoftheprotein.B.Findtargetcellsfortreatmentprecisely.C.Analyzetheproteinsensitivetothesign.D.Choosethetypeofcelltobestimulated.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutsonogeneticsfromParagraphs4and5?A.Itcanbeappliedtootherfieldsbesidesmedicine.B.Itmayreplacesometraditionalmedicaltherapies.C.Itwilltotallytransformgenedeliverytechniques.D.Ithassucceededincuringdiseaseslikeblindness.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Cancellsbecontrolledbysound?B.Howissonogeneticsclinicallyused?C.Aregenedeliverytechniquesavailable?D.Whatareapplicationsofsonogenetics?【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家在聲音無線控制人類細(xì)胞方面取得了突破，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被稱為“聲遺傳學(xué)”技術(shù)，并進(jìn)一步介紹了其原理、工作方式及發(fā)展前景?！即鸢浮?2.C13.B14.B15.A12．〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Basically,theterm“sonogenetics”meansusingultrasound(超聲波)tochangethebehaviorofcellsinanon-invasivemanner.”(基本上，“超聲遺傳學(xué)”一詞意味著使用超聲波以非侵入性的方式改變細(xì)胞的行為。)可知，生遺傳學(xué)的工作原理是通過非入侵方式來控制細(xì)胞。故選C項(xiàng)。13．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Low--frequencyultrasoundwavescantargetaparticularproteinthatissensitivetothesignal.Thisresearch,publishedinNatureCommunications,focusedonTRPA1.Whenthisproteinisstimulatedthroughtheultrasoundwaves,italsostimulatesthecellswhichcarryit.”(低頻超聲波可以瞄準(zhǔn)對信號敏感的特定蛋白質(zhì)。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《自然通訊》上，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注TRPA1。當(dāng)這種蛋白質(zhì)受到超聲波的刺激時(shí)，它也會刺激攜帶它的細(xì)胞。哪種類型的細(xì)胞受到刺激取決于結(jié)果。)及“Inthisexperiment,scientistsgeneticallymarkedcellswithanincreasedconcentrationofTRPA1,makingthemthekeytargetsoftheultrasoundwaves.”(在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)家們用基因標(biāo)記了細(xì)胞中TRPA1濃度的增加，使它們成為超聲波的關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)。)可知，科學(xué)家通過干預(yù)細(xì)胞上的蛋白質(zhì)TRPA1，使它們成為低頻超聲波的瞄準(zhǔn)對象，從而刺激攜帶了這種蛋白質(zhì)的細(xì)胞，從而達(dá)到治療的目的，所以科學(xué)家在實(shí)驗(yàn)中做的是精確地找到治療的目標(biāo)細(xì)胞。故選B項(xiàng)。14．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Currently,treatingconditionslikeParkinson’sdiseaserequiresscientiststoimplantelectrodes(電極)inthebrainwhichstimulatecertaindisorderedcells.Researchershopethatsonogeneticscanonedayreplacetheseinvasivetreatments.”(目前，治療帕金森氏癥等疾病需要科學(xué)家在大腦中植入電極來刺激某些紊亂的細(xì)胞。研究人員希望超聲遺傳學(xué)有朝一日能取代這些侵入性治療。)及第五段“Inthefuture,theteamwantstoadjusttheplacementandamountofTRPAIaroundthebodyusingthegenetreatment.Genedeliverytechniqueshavealreadybeenshowntobesuccessfulinhumans,suchasintreatingblindness.Therefore,it’sjustacaseofadjustingthistheorytoadifferentsound-basedsetting.”(未來，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望通過基因治療來調(diào)整TRPAI在身體周圍的位置和數(shù)量?；騻鬟f技術(shù)已經(jīng)在人類身上被證明是成功的，比如在治療失明方面。因此，這只是將這一理論調(diào)整到另一個(gè)不同的基于聲音環(huán)境的案例。)可知，基因傳遞技術(shù)已經(jīng)被證明是成功的，因而利用超聲遺傳學(xué)取代一些傳統(tǒng)的侵入性治療是有可能的。故選B項(xiàng)。15．〖解析〗主旨大意題。文章第一段“Realizingthis,ateamofscientistshasmadeabreakthroughtowardwirelesslycontrollinghumancellsusingsound,inatechniquecalled‘onogenetics(聲遺傳學(xué)).”(意識到這一點(diǎn)，一組科學(xué)家在利用聲音無線控制人類細(xì)胞方面取得了突破，他們采用了一種被稱為“聲遺傳學(xué)”的技術(shù))可知，文章主要圍繞生遺傳學(xué)，即利用聲音控制細(xì)胞展開說明，接下來分段進(jìn)一步說明了其原理、工作方式及發(fā)展前景，所以A“細(xì)胞可以被聲音控制嗎？”以設(shè)問的方式，概括了文章的中心內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題25分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Withatougheconomy,it’sdifficulttomeetouremployees’expectationofsalaryincreases.____16____Well,herearesomeimportantfactorsthathelpemployeesimprovetheirworkefficiency,inadditiontomoney.Recognizingaperson’sstrongcontributionisimportant,whichcantakemanyforms.Examplesincludetakingsomeonetolunchandlettingthemknowhowmuchyouvaluetheirperformance.Youpubliclyrecognizesomeone’sperformancewithdetailsofwhattheydid.____17____Theseshouldbedoneatannualeventsinthepresenceoftheirpeers.Anotheroneismotivationalclimate.Takealookaroundattheworkenvironmentanddowhateveryoucantomakeitamorepleasantplace.Therearemanywaystoupgradeaworkingenvironment,whichwillbeappreciatedbyemployeesworkingtherelonghoursaday.____18____Makeitclearthatyou’redoingthis“inrecognitionofyourstrongcontributions”untilthebusinessimproves.Youcaninvitethemtoapartytosimplycelebratetheirgoodwork.Dosometeam-buildingexercisesthatarefunandmotivating.Bouncesomeideasoffthemofhowtoachieveyourbusinessgoals.____19________20____Toachievethis,keepyourdooropen.Showyourcareaboutthem.Takeaninterestintheirfamilies,theirhobbies,andtheirdevelopment.Openuptothemandlistenmore.Ofcourseittakestimeandefforttobuildgoodrelationshipswithpeople.Butit’sworththeinvestment.A.Certificatesofhonorcanevenbepresented.B.Howcanwemotivatethemtokeepdynamic?C.Whatcanwedotohavethemstayonthejob?D.Trustworthypeoplearefarmorelikelytocooperate.E.Whatcanalsoinspireemployeesistrustandunderstanding.F.Conductgroupbrainstormsaboutwaystoincreasesalesfigures.G.Ifyouaren’tsurewhattodo,askyouremployeeswhatthey’dlike.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是激勵(lì)員工，幫助員工提高工作效率的方法和策略?！即鸢浮?6.B17.A18.G19.F20.E16．〖解析〗根據(jù)空后的“Well,herearesomeimportantfactorsthathelpemployeesimprovetheirworkefficiency,inadditiontomoney.(除了錢，這里有一些重要的因素可以幫助員工提高工作效率。)”可知，此處是對空處內(nèi)容做出的回答，所以，此空應(yīng)為提出問題，B選項(xiàng)“Howcanwemotivatethemtokeepdynamic?(我們怎樣才能激勵(lì)他們保持活力呢？)”與空后的內(nèi)容銜接，且為疑問句。故選B項(xiàng)。17．〖解析〗根據(jù)本段的主題句“Recognizingaperson’sstrongcontributionisimportant,whichcantakemanyforms.(承認(rèn)一個(gè)人的巨大貢獻(xiàn)是很重要的，這可以有很多形式。)”可知，本段講述的是承認(rèn)一個(gè)人巨大貢獻(xiàn)的形式，A選項(xiàng)“Certificatesofhonorcanevenbepresented.(甚至還可以頒發(fā)榮譽(yù)證書。)”講述的是頒發(fā)榮譽(yù)證書，這是認(rèn)可員工所做貢獻(xiàn)的一種形式，與本段的主題一致，且與空前的“Youpubliclyrecognizesomeone’sperformancewithdetailsofwhattheydid.(你公開承認(rèn)某人的表現(xiàn)，并詳細(xì)描述他們的行為。)”講述的內(nèi)容銜接，選項(xiàng)中的even表示對他們的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)可。故選A項(xiàng)。18．〖解析〗根據(jù)空前的“Therearemanywaystoupgradeaworkingenvironment,whichwillbeappreciatedbyemployeesworkingtherelonghoursaday.(有很多方法可以改善工作環(huán)境，這將受到每天工作很長時(shí)間的員工的歡迎。)”可知，改善工作環(huán)境的方法有很多種，根據(jù)空后的“Makeitclearthatyou’redoingthis“inrecognitionofyourstrongcontributions”untilthebusinessimproves.(明確表示你這樣做是為了“表彰你的杰出貢獻(xiàn)”，直到業(yè)務(wù)好轉(zhuǎn)。)”可知，一定要明確表示你這樣做的目的，G選項(xiàng)“Ifyouaren’tsurewhattodo,askyouremployeeswhatthey’dlike.(如果你不確定該怎么做，問問你的員工他們想要什么。)”講述的是在自己不知道做什么的情況下，問一下員工喜歡什么，與空前內(nèi)容銜接，且與空后的內(nèi)容一致。故選G項(xiàng)。19．〖解析〗根據(jù)空前的“Dosometeam-buildingexercisesthatarefunandmotivating.Bouncesomeideasoffthemofhowtoachieveyourbusinessgoals.(做一些有趣又能激勵(lì)人的團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)練習(xí)。從他們那里得到一些關(guān)于如何實(shí)現(xiàn)你的商業(yè)目標(biāo)的想法。)”可知，在組織團(tuán)建活動(dòng)是，可以從他們那里得到一些實(shí)現(xiàn)你商業(yè)目標(biāo)的想法，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Conductgroupbrainstormsaboutwaystoincreasesalesfigures.(組織小組頭腦風(fēng)暴，討論增加銷售數(shù)字的方法。)”講述的也是組織團(tuán)建活動(dòng)是可以獲取的信息，與空前的內(nèi)容一致。故選F項(xiàng)。20．〖解析〗分析語篇可知，此處為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Toachievethis,keepyourdooropen.Showyourcareaboutthem.Takeaninterestintheirfamilies,theirhobbies,andtheirdevelopment.Openuptothemandlistenmore.(要做到這一點(diǎn)，敞開你的大門。表現(xiàn)出你對他們的關(guān)心。關(guān)心他們的家庭，他們的愛好和他們的發(fā)展。向他們敞開心扉，多傾聽。)”可知，向他們敞開心扉，關(guān)系他們的家庭，他們的愛好與發(fā)展，多傾聽，由此可知，本段講述的是要信任和理解你的員工，E選項(xiàng)“Whatcanalsoinspireemployeesistrustandunderstanding.(同樣可以激勵(lì)員工的是信任和理解。)”講述的內(nèi)容是要信任和理解員工，與空后的內(nèi)容一致，且概括了空后的內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分。滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A,B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mygrandmotheristhewomanwhoplaysasignificantroleinmylife.It’sparticularly____21____becausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus,butshecontinuesto____22____meinsomanyways.Shewasa(n)____23____grandmother.Shewasthe____24____ofourfamily.Shegrewupinanerawhenwomenwerenotexpectedtohave____25____,buthavingleftschoolinherteensduetopoverty,sheworkeddayandnightto____26____abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.Shewasfamousforher____27____,soeveryonelovedhercakes.Shealwaysgotinvolvedinsociallifeand____28____,spending50yearsofherlifeworkingfortheirlocalvillagecommittee.She____29____goodmemories,sayinghowshewouldkeeptheminhermindandgetthemoutwhenevershewantedthepleasureofrecallingthepast.Shewouldn’tfocuson_____30_____,though,sayingthatit“doesn’tdogoodtolookbacktoomuch”.Weliveinatimewhenwomenare_____31_____tohaveitall.Mygrandmother,borninthe1920s,haditallbeforeitwasfashionable.The_____32_____,however,wasthatshenevermadeitabouther.She_____33_____herlifetootherpeopleandkeptpositivebecauseofit.She_____34_____metoseekthegood,notpaymuchattentiontothebadandtakeaninterestinsomething_____35_____.Thankyou,Granny.21.A.sad B.free C.special D.easy22.A.remind B.hurt C.influence D.shock23.A.delicate B.advanced C.humble D.devoted24.A.servant B.center C.origin D.volunteer25.A.morals B.education C.careers D.wealth26.A.establish B.approach C.reserve D.control27.A.taste B.design C.cooking D.training28.A.backeddown B.helpedout C.brokedown D.stoodout29.A.treasured B.erased C.generated D.upgraded30.A.relationship B.hardship C.leadership D.friendship31.A.scheduled B.forced C.chosen D.expected32.A.difference B.feature C.possibility D.process33.A.addicted B.compared C.exposed D.contributed34.A.bothered B.threatened C.shaped D.promised35.A.profitable B.positive C.strange D.romantic【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是奶奶不平凡的經(jīng)歷教會了作者珍惜美好的事物，不去思考不好的事情，并且對每件事情都感興趣。〖答案〗21.A22.C23.D24.D25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.B21．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：尤其令人難過的是，這是我生命中的第一年她沒有和我們在一起，但她繼續(xù)在很多方面影響著我。A.sad傷心的；B.free自由的；C.special特別的；D.easy容易的。根據(jù)下文中的“becausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus”可知，因?yàn)檫@是沒有奶奶與我們在一起的第一年，所以此處應(yīng)是“傷心的”。故選A項(xiàng)。22．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：尤其令人難過的是，這是我生命中的第一年她沒有和我們在一起，但她繼續(xù)在很多方面影響著我。A.remind提醒；B.hurt傷害；C.influence影響；D.shock使震驚。根據(jù)全文和下文中的“She____14____metoseekthegood,notpaymuchattentiontothebadandtakeaninterestinsomething____15____.”可知，奶奶教給作者很多事情，所以此處應(yīng)是“影響”著作者。故選C項(xiàng)。23．〖解析〗考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她是一位慈愛的祖母。A.delicate精美的，脆弱的；B.advanced先進(jìn)的；C.humble謙遜的；D.devoted摯愛的。根據(jù)上文“It’sparticularlybecausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus,butshecontinuesto2meinsomanyways.”可知，對于作者來說祖母是慈愛的。故選D項(xiàng)。24．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她是我們家的自告奮勇者。A.servant仆人；B.center中心；C.origin起源；D.volunteer自告奮勇者，戰(zhàn)士。根據(jù)語境和下文中的“sheworkeddayandnightto_______abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.”可知，奶奶夜以繼日的工作，攢錢送作者的父親去好學(xué)校上學(xué)，由此可知，奶奶是我們家的“戰(zhàn)士”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。25．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她成長在一個(gè)女性不被期望有事業(yè)的時(shí)代，由于貧困，她在十幾歲的時(shí)候就輟學(xué)了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起創(chuàng)業(yè)，設(shè)法攢夠了錢，讓我的父親上了一所好學(xué)校。A.morals道德；B.education教育；C.careers職業(yè)；D.wealth財(cái)富。根據(jù)下文中的“Weliveinatimewhenwomenare________tohaveitall.”與此處形成對比，現(xiàn)在我們生活在女性被期望擁有一切，而奶奶那時(shí)是不被期望有“事業(yè)”的時(shí)代，并結(jié)合下文中的but和“sheworkeddayandnightto_______abusinesswithmygrandfather”可知，奶奶卻與爺爺一起“創(chuàng)業(yè)”幫助作者父親去上好的學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。26．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她成長在一個(gè)女性不被期望有事業(yè)的時(shí)代，但由于貧困，她在十幾歲的時(shí)候就輟學(xué)了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起創(chuàng)業(yè)，設(shè)法攢夠了錢，讓我的父親上了一所好學(xué)校。A.establish建立，創(chuàng)立；B.approach接近；C.reserve預(yù)留；D.control控制。根據(jù)下文中“abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.”可知，奶奶她與爺爺一起“創(chuàng)業(yè)”，establishabusiness意為“創(chuàng)業(yè)”。故選A項(xiàng)。27．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她以烹飪聞名，所以每個(gè)人都喜歡她做的蛋糕。A.taste口味；B.design設(shè)計(jì)；C.cooking廚藝；D.training培訓(xùn)。根據(jù)下文中的“soeveryonelovedhercakes.”可知，大家都喜歡她做的糕餅，所以此處指的是“廚藝”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。28．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：她總是參與社會生活，幫助別人，在當(dāng)?shù)氐拇逦瘯ぷ髁?0年。A.backeddown放棄，認(rèn)輸；B.helpedout幫助擺脫困境；C.brokedown累垮；D.stoodout顯眼，杰出。根據(jù)上文中的“Shealwaysgotinvolvedinsociallife”以及下文中的“spending50yearsofherlifeworkingfortheirlocalvillagecommittee.”可知，奶奶熱衷于參加社會活動(dòng)，在當(dāng)?shù)卮逦瘯ぷ髁?0多年，由此可推斷，此處指的是“幫助走出困境”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。29．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她珍藏著美好的回憶，說她會把它們記在心里，當(dāng)她想要回憶過去的快樂時(shí)，就把它們拿出來。A.treasured珍藏；B.erased擦除；C.generated產(chǎn)生；D.upgraded升級。根據(jù)下文中的“sayinghowshewouldkeeptheminhermindandgetthemoutwhenevershewantedthepleasureofrecallingthepast.”可知，奶奶說自己想要回憶過去快樂的事情的時(shí)候，就把他們拿出來，由此可知，此處指的是“珍藏”美好的記憶。故選A項(xiàng)。30．〖解析〗考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不過，她不會把重點(diǎn)放在艱難困苦上，她說“回頭看太多沒有好處”。A.relationship關(guān)系；B.hardship艱難；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)下文中的“though,sayingthatit“doesn’tdogoodtolookbacktoomuch”可知，此處講述的與上文內(nèi)容相反，上文中介紹的是奶奶珍藏美好的記憶，而此處對應(yīng)的是奶奶不關(guān)注“艱難”的事情，因?yàn)榛仡欉@些沒什么好處。故選B項(xiàng)。31．〖解析〗考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們生活在一個(gè)期望女性擁有一切的時(shí)代。A.scheduled計(jì)劃；B.forced強(qiáng)迫；C.chosen選擇；D.expected期望。根據(jù)上文中的“Shegr