2020年考研英語(yǔ)(二)真題及參考答案解析

2020年考研英語(yǔ)(-)真題及參考答案解析

2020年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題(英語(yǔ)二)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwould

liketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentis

undoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenrespond

differentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,

rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsort

ofparentingthan,2,ayoungersibling,(by：www.gotu.top)

3,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasier

to4:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrom

patientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobe

patient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsget

exhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7and

composedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You,reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkids

can8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9

happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkids

orsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobody

anygood.Youwishthatyoucould11theclockand

startover.We'veallbeenthere.

12,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepin

mindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomething

toyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonly

dodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbut

also14yourchild'sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyou

areinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyour

kids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareof

the16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatienceforthe

youngergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemall

throughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulate

ormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisone

ofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceat

alltimeswithyourchiIdren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,

tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedas

youcanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchiIdren.

Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,

youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20from

stressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky

2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocial

signalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperate

withandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendsto

non-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,

SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetect

socialsignalsformroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-

onesocialandoneasocial一for5ourdays.Therobots

ratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionof

acomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorful

markings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthe

livingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcaged

doorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobot

simplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgave

theratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmore

likelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocial

one.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotas

agenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththe

socialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunal

exploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetter

rememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobotto

returnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwas

surprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesize

asaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels

a

We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,

facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllike

arealrat,butthatwasn,tnecessary,“saysJanetWilesat

theUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththe

research.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,even

whentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendto

treatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhenthey

displayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobe

fascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,“

saysWiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifrats

can

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobot

becausethey

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300

timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethe

mid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmerican

corporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%

ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout

S18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayis

thatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusiness

opportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.The

effortsofAmerica，shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthe

moredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopular

tosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthat

CEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkers

intheU.S.economy.

Today,sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthave

manymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany”

CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeeven

howthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetter

publicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecosts

ofevenaminorsiipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere,sthe

factthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalized

thaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalarger

numberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledge

thatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmerican

companiesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoal1the

day-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutripping

peopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,

corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmore

rigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthis

periodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighand

rising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinterest

torecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.”

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutside

candidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthat

highCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseof

therestofthecompany.Andthestockmarketreactspositively

whencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthat

thosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsare

requiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs'challengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovember

whenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpolluting

cars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anew

conservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementoftheclean

airzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothe

zoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteits

successinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthe

city'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthem

reinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuture

looksuncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhen

lefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepolitically

contentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausethey

inevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividual

drivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一

ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingisthe

realcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeningin

London.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)is1ikelytobe

abigissueinnextyear,smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhan

winsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin

2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfrom

thefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon(sUlezareuseless.

Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatare

availabletothemtosafeguardresidents,healthintheface

ofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementsto

airquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealth

benefits-fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,

lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchabouta

problemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyare

actingbecausenationalgovernments一Britainsandothers

acrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertain

areas-citycentres,。schoolstreets”,evenindividualroads

-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperly

enforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniesto

bringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroduced

speciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoing

everythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanair

zone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-level

measurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlez

will.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan,selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedthe

problem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatauto

companies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethis

spring---themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthis

generationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear--the

attentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsare

abouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarket

that'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersare

planningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobs

intheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconducted

bytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.

Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabit

thoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocame

beforethem.

If“entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,

appliedtomillennials(hosebornbetween1981andl995),the

catchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.

Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,

GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despite

graduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZs

knowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywere

impressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheir

parentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.They

aren，tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomy

seemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlying

generationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewho

havecollegedebt.Collegeloanbalancesinthe

U.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5million,accordingtothe

FederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentof

graduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobin

mind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,

meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitin

afutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment

(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andthen

inspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecond

mostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),

followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeel

goodaboutservingthegreatergood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationis1ike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]howvaluableacounselorsadviceis

38.Theword“assuagez，(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaning

to.

[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob.

40.Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,

GenerationZSare.

[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent[D]

moregenerous

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosing

themostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumbered

paragraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyou

donotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don'thide,information.

[F]Slowdownandlisten.

[G]Putyourselvesinothers,shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabout

howtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,who

allgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneed

coworkers.Youworkwiththemeverydayandyoudependonthem

justastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucanget

thewholeofficeonyourside

41.

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,

youmaytrystaytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon,tbe

helpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfound

thatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrankabout

themselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlost

trustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyour

personallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventheoption

toofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconceal

them,youshouldjustbehonest.

42.

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeing

receptivetoothers.Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershow

wefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,

oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketime

tohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyour

ownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon，tvalue

theiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,

back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyour

ownthoughts.

43.

It'scommontohavea“cubiclemate"orspecialconfidant

inaworksetting,Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,

youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthe

peoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetup

withcolleaguesyoudon,talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlives

andinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortand

goesalongway.ThiswillhelptogTowyourinternalnetwork,

inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44.

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyou

don'thavetobesomeone'sbosstotellthemtheydidan

exceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelp

engendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefake

aboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocomments

thatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseit

suggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.

45.

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcan

goalongwaytoachievingresults.Rememberindealingwith

anycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watch

outforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmall

talkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,while

otheraremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkoneperson

won'tnecessarilylandwithanother,So,adaptyour

styleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyoure

dealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesired

outcome.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithout

experiencingsomekindoffailure.But,thewonderfulthing

aboutfailureisthatit'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowto

lookatit.

Wecanchoosetoseefailureas"theendoftheworld”.Or,

wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearningexperience

thatitoftenis.Everytimewefailatsomething,wecanchoose

tolookforthelessonwe'remeanttolearn.Theselessonsare

veryimportant;they'rehowwegrow,andhowwekeepfrommaking

thatsamemistakeagain.Failuresstopusonlyifweletthem.

Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwe

wouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.Forinstance,failurecan

helpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failingat

somethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelp

youfindunexpectedmotivationtosucceed.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47.Directions:

Supposeyouareplanningatourofhistoricalsitefora

groupofinternationalstudents

1.saysomethingaboutthesite

2.givesometipsforthetour

PartB

48.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,

youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15

points)

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2020年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析（跨考完整文字版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldlike

tobe.But