2021屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型精準(zhǔn)練-推理判斷題

2021屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型精準(zhǔn)練—推理判斷題

Jimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.

“ThereasonwhyIwasfhtigued（精疲力竭）Jimsays,Mwasthatmykidneysweregone.”Jim,69,

aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis（透析）threetimesaweek.Apersonofhis

ageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.The

NationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwith

therightbloodandtissuetypes.

Jim'swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren'tamatch.Jimwasso

discouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies（鐵

哥們）.Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn't

seenfornearly50years:DougCoffman.Thetwohadmet.whentheybothwerelearning

Vietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.

Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn'tseensome

ofthemfordecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmost,soldiersnever

experience.

Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatime

thathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealed

notonlythatDoug*stissuetypematchedJim'sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa

35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess."It'sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutof

oneperson'sbody-alivingorgan-putitinanotherperson*sbody,andhaveitwork.^^Dougsays.

“Andthere'snothingfinerthanknowingFvehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.

1.Fromparagraph2weknowthatkidneytransplantis.

A.expensiveB.dangerous

C.amatterofluckD.anunwisechoice

2.HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?

A.About17.B.About19.C.About22.D.About25.

3.WhatcanweinferfromDoug*swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim.

BJimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.

C.Thekidneytransplantwasverysuccessful.

D.Modemmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.

AutismSpectrumDisorder(ASD)(孤獨(dú)癥)isadisabilitythatcancauseserioussocial,

communicationandbehavioralproblems.ThereisoftennothingabouthowpeoplewithASDlook

thatmakesthemdifferentfromotherpeople,butpeoplewithASDmaycommunicate,interact,

behave,andlearninwaysthataredifferentfrommostotherpeople.Thelearning,thinking,and

problem-solvingabilitiesofpeoplewithASDcanrangefromprettygoodtoextremelybad.Some

peoplewithASDneedalotofhelpintheirdailylives;othersneedless.

PeoplewithASDoftenhaveproblemswithsocial,emotional,andcommunicationskills.

Theymightrepeatcertainbehaviorsandmightnotwantchangeintheirdailyactivities.Many

peoplewithASDmayalsohavedifficultieslearning,payingattention,orreactingtothings.Signs

ofASDbeginduringearlychildhoodandprobablylastthroughoutaperson'slife.

Diagnosing(診斷)ASDcanbedifficultsincethereisnomedicaltest,likeabloodtest,to

assessthedisorders.Doctorslookatthechild'sbehavioranddevelopmenttomakeajudgement.

ASDcansometimesbediagnosedat18monthsoryounger.Byage2,anexperienceddoctorcan

beconsideredveryreliableindiagnosingASD.However,manychildrenmaynotseeadoctor

untilmucholder.

ThereiscurrentlynocureforASD.However,researchshowsthatearlytreatmentservices

canimproveachild'sdevelopment.Earlytreatmentserviceshelpchildrenfrombirthto3years

old(36months)learnimportantskills.Therefore,itisimportanttotalktoyourchild'sdoctoras

soonaspossibleifyouthinkyourchildhasASDorotherdevelopmentalproblems.

WedonotknowallofthecausesofASD.However,mostscientistsagreethatgenesare

oneofthehighestriskfactorsthatcanmakeapersonmorelikelytodevelopASD.

IfyouthinkyourchildmighthaveASDoryouthinktherecouldbeaproblemwiththeway

yourchildplays,learns,speaks,oracts,contactyourchild'sdoctor,andshareyourconcerns.If

you'renotsurewhotocontact,calltheEarlyChildhoodTechnicalAssistanceCenter(ECTA)at

919-962-2001.OrvisittheECTAwebsite:https://ectacenter.org.

l.Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?

A.TheearlieranASDkidisdiagnosed,thebetteritisforhis(her)treatment.

B.DoctorssimplyhavenowaytodiagnoseanASDkidatall.

C.DoctorscandiagnoseASDbybloodtesting.

D.DoctorscandiagnoseASDwiththehelpofmachines.

2.WhoismostlikelytobeanASDpatientofthefollowingpeople?

A.Someonewhopreferstotalkalotindailylife.

B.SomeonewhohasgotanASDbrother.

C.Someonewhowantstohugyouinpublic.

D.Someonewhosingsinastrangevoice.

3.Whereisthisarticlepossiblyfrom?

A.Aguidebookfornewparents.

B.Educationsectionofanewspaper.

C.Astudent'sdiary.

D.Amedicalmagazine.

“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.^^“Twofullinchesinthefirstthreedays!”

Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads,

promisingnewshapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromoters

ofsuchproductssaytheycanshapethelegs,slimtheface,smoothwrinkles,orinsomeotherway

addtobeautyordesirability.

Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoney-makingthingsfortheirpromoters.The

resultstheyproducearequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.

Tounderstandhowtheseproductscanbelegallypromotedtothepublic,itisnecessaryto

understandsomethingofthelawscoveringtheirregulation.Iftheproductisadrug,FDA(Food

andDrugAdministration)canrequireproofundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatitissafe

andeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.Butiftheproductisadevice,FDAhasnoauthorityto

requirepremarketingproofofsafetyoreffectiveness.Ifaproductalreadyonthemarkerisa

dangertohealth,FDAcanrequesttheproducerordistributortoremoveitfromthemarket

voluntarily,oritcantakelegalaction,includingseizure(查封)oftheproduct.

OnenotablecaseafewyearsagoinvolvedanelectricaldevicecalledtheRelaxacisor,which

hadbeensoldforreducingthewaistline.TheRelaxacisorproducedelectricalshockstothebody

throughcontactpads.FDAtooklegalactionagainstthedistributortostopthesaleofthedevice

onthegroundsthatitwasdangeroustohealthandlife.Obviously,mostofthedevicesonthe

markethaveneverbeenthesubjectofcourtproceedings（訴訟）,andnewdevicesappear

continually.Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessofsuch

items.

Litcanbeinferredthattheadsmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageare.

A.illegalB.unreliableC.objectiveD.costly

2.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Thecourtisinchargeofremovingdangerousproducts.

B.Itispossiblethatnewproductsarequestionable.

C.TheproductionofadevicemustbeapprovedbyFDA.

D.Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits.

3.TheRelaxacisorismentionedinthepassageas.

A.aproductwhichwasdesignedtoproduceelectricity

B.aproductwhosedistributorwasinvolvedinalegalcase

C.asuccessfuladvertisementofabeautyproduct

D.anexampleofaqualitybeautyproduct

“Mayshegrowuptobeasintelligentashermother.^^

“Mayshebecomeagoodhostess.,,

“MayshebethemostbeautifulbrideinQuanzhou.^^

“Shewillbeafamousauthoress.95

Thislastwishwasexpressedbymyelderuncle.Iknewitbecause,beinghimselffondof

writing,healwayssaidthesamethingtoevery-bornbaby.

Theinspectionwasover;thelittlegirlwaswrappedupagainandcarriedaway.Therelatives

presentedmymotherwithgifts.Therewereeggsinwovenbaskets,cacklinghens,bagsofsugar,

andselectedrice.Mygrandmotherglancedfromthebagofsweetstome,andbeganlaughing

again.

Theprocessionofrelativesmovedtothediningroom.Atthetable,thereturngiftsfromour

familyweredistributed,eachrelativereceivingtworedeggs.Iwassad;wedidnothaveenough

money,soIcouldnotstickagilt-paperhieroglyphicmeaning"luck"ontheegg.

Ayearlater,onmysister'sbirthdaythesamerelativesagaincrowdedintoourhouse.Ared

tableclothwasputonatableinthesittingroom,andallsortsofobjectswerespreadout:aneedle

andthread,asaucepan,ateapot,apaint-brush,aninkpot,aknife,abookofverses,abookof

stories,aflexiblespear,andapieceofprintedsilk.

Thenthelittlegirl,who,inherembarrassment,wastryingtostickherfootintohermouth,

wasbroughttothetable,toseewhatobjectshewouldpickupfirst.Ifshetakesabrush,shewill

beanauthoress;ifshegrabsatasaucepan,shewillbeahousewife;ifshetouchessilk,shewillbe

awell-dressedwoman;ifshepicksupaspear,shewillmakeherselffamousasaheroineora

chieftain.

Idon'tknowwhatobjectmylittlesisterchose.JudgingbythefactthatsheisnowinPeking

University,andshowsagreatdealofinterestinliterature,shemusthavechosenabrushorabook.

However,shewasanieceoftwoteachers.Somanybooksandsomuchstationarywerepiledup

thatdayontheredcloththattheinsignificantneedleandthreadhadnochanceofgettingintothe

handsoflittleAnAn.

Inthosedays,shewastheimportantpersoninthehouse.ButIdidn'tmind.Iwasgrownup.

Iwassixyearsolderthanshe.

l.Whatismainlydescribedinthefirstfourparagraphs?

A.Thepredictionsforthenewly-bornbaby.

B.Thegreetingsforthenewly-bornbaby.

C.Theaffectionsforthenewly-bornbaby.

D.Theblessingsforthenewly-bornbaby.

2.Whywillshemakeherselffamousasachieftainifshepicksupaspear?

A.Becauseaspearbelongstokitchenware.

B.Becauseaspearmakesherescapeeasily.

C.Becauseaspearproducesbadsmells.

0.Becauseaspearprotectsherfrombeinghurt.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefactthatthelittlesisterwasthecenterinthehouse?

A.Tolerant.BJealous.C.Inspirational.D.Oveijoyed.

“Whileanimalscan'tpickoutprecisenumbers,theycanunderstandthatmoreismore.

Interestingly,weknownowthatnumerical（數(shù)值的）competenceispresentonalmosteverybranch

oftheanimaltreeoflife,9,saysAndreasNieder,aneurobiologistfromtheUniversityof

Tuebingen."'Differentgroupsofanimalsobviouslydevelopedthistrait（特點(diǎn)）independentlyfrom

othersandthatstronglyindicatesthatithastobeofadaptivevalue.^^

Honeybees,forinstance,canrememberthenumberoflandmarkstheypasswhensearching

forfoodinordertofindtheirwaybacktothehive.Thelastcommonancestorbetweenhoneybees

andprimateslivedabout600millionyearsago.Butstill,theyevolvednumericalcompetencethat,

inmanyrespects,iscomparabletovertebrate（脊椎動(dòng)物的）numericalcompetence.Also,for

example,malefrogssing“advertisement“callstoattractfemales.Thefemales,listeningforthe

complexityoftheircalls,choosethemalethatsingsthemostcalls.

Wolvesaremorelikelytohuntsuccessfullyiftheyhavetherightnumberofwolvesintheir

packforthesizeoftheirprey（獵物）：Withpreylikedeer,onlyaroundsixtoeightwolvesare

needed,whilehuntingwildoxrequiresapackofninetothirteen.Theirpreyalsousesthisconcept

toprotectthemselvesfrompredators—deertendtoliveinlargeherdstoreducethechanceofany

individualbecomingprey.Soobviouslytheyareassessingthenumberofindividualsintheir

groupsfortheireverydaylifesituations.

Despitethesemanyexamplesofnumericalcompetenceinanimals,thissubjecthasnot

gottenmanyfirst-handstudies."Manyofthesebehavioralfindingsinthewildhaveusuallybeen

collectedasby-productsoraccidentalfindingsofotherresearchquestions,saysNieder.He

arguesthatmoreresearchneedstobedonetofullyunderstandthenumericalcompetence.

l.Thephenomenonofanimalshavingtheirownnumericalcompetenceshowsthat.

A.allgroupsofanimalsarerelatedinsomeways

B.numericalcompetencemusthaveasurvivalbenefit

C.theintelligenceofanimalsvarieswithdifferentenvironments

D.animals'numericalcompetenceisdeterminedbytheiradaptability

2.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthistext?

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byaskingquestions.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Atravelbrochure.D.Aresearchpaper.

Thelatestwitch-huntisunderway.Thewitchesaretherapidinnovationinroboticsand

computing,readytoreplacehumansinperformingincreasinglydifficulttasksandsoreplacejobs

acrosstheemploymentmarket.Themainviewisthatrapidtechnologicalinnovationhasbeen

takingjobsfasterthanitiscreatingthem.

Weappeartobecorneringourselvesinthenarrowviewthatcrowdsmanandmachineonto

thesametasks.Butthereisanotherview,forapositiveman-machinedynamic.Whilenotinthe

majority,argumentsexistforaman-machinefuture.Theycelebratethatwhichisuniquelyhuman

-meaningandcreativity-andthatwhichshouldbethemainbusinessofhumansinthefirst

place.

Inhislatestarticle,forexample,DavidNordforsmakesadistinctionbetweena

task-centeredandhuman-centeredeconomy.Inthetask-centeredeconomyhumanshavenovalue

beyondthetaskstheyperform.Asaresult,theyareindistinguishablefrommachinesandwillbe

replacedbythemassoonastechnologycanbeapplied.Inthehuman-centeredeconomyonthe

otherhand,machinesallowhumanstoescapefrompredefinedtaskswithprestatedoutcomes.This

allowsthemtoexercisethevaluethatappearsfromworkingwithotherhumansonopen-ended,

creativeefforts.

InReinventingtheSacred,StuartKauffmanmainlyputstoresttheideathathumanbrains

willbecomeindistinguishablefromalgorithmsasmachinesfinallyreachshockingsophistication.

Kauffmanpointsoutthathigherorderhumanmentalprocessesarebeyondalgorithms.

PhilosopherssuchasSandersPierceanddesignthinkerssuchasRogerMartinhavelong

suggestedtheabilityofhumanmindstoperformleapsoflogictogettocreativesolutions.Going

beyondlogic-basedargumentsandcasestudyproof,Kauffmandescribeshowmachinealgorithms,

evenbasedonthemostsophisticatedAItechnologies,canonlysolveproblemswhicharelimited

byprestatedguesses.

Wehave,forthemajorityofhumanity'shistory,usedhumansfbrrobotic,repeatable,

efficiency-mindedtasks.Technologyhasfinallyreachedapointwherecreativityandmeaningare

accessibletoeveryone.AsDavidNordforsrightlysays,neveryetseensomuchwealthiswaiting

tobeseen.Wearereadytoforevergetridofthelastformofhumanslavery:meaningless,

dehumanizing,algorithmicwork.

l.Inahuman-centeredeconomy,machines.

A.taketheplaceofhumanlabors

B.getinthewayofhumanprogress

C.workwithpeopleoncreativeactivities

D.freepeoplefortheexplorationofcreativityandmeaning

2.Accordingtothetext,StuartKauffmanmostprobablyagreesthat.

A.AItechnologieshavetheabilitytodocreativethinking

B.leapsoflogicdistinguishhumansfrommachines

C.humanbrainscanbeviewedasupgradedcomputers

0.machinealgorithmsarebeyondhumanminds'ability

答案以及解析

答案：l.C;2.B;3.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNational

KidneyFoundationestimatesthat...whilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissue

types.”可知,腎移植的配型很難。由此推測(cè)，腎移植要靠機(jī)會(huì)和運(yùn)氣。故選Co

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知Jim今年69歲;根據(jù)第三段中"amongwhomwasonehe

hadn'tseenfornearly50years"可知，有些戰(zhàn)友50年沒見面了。由此推知小m出國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的時(shí)

候是69—50=19歲。他當(dāng)時(shí)大約19歲。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段中"Andthere'snothingfinerthanknowingI'vehelpedanother

personliveabetterlife.”可知，能為Jim捐腎,Doug感到很高興。故選Ao

答案：l.A;2.B;3.D

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Byage2,anexperienceddoctorcanbeconsideredvery

reliableindiagnosingASD.However,manychildrenmaynotseeadoctoruntilmucholder.可矢H

到2歲的時(shí)候個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生可以被認(rèn)為在診斷ASD方面是非?？煽康?。然而，許多孩子可

能直到更大的時(shí)候才去看醫(yī)生。以及根據(jù)第四段However,researchshowsthatearlytreatment

servicescanimproveachild'sdevelopment.Earlytreatmentserviceshelpchildrenfrombirthto3

yearsold(36months)learnimportantskiL然而，研究表明，早期治療服務(wù)可以改善兒童的發(fā)育。

早期治療服務(wù)可以幫助從出生到3歲(36個(gè)月)的兒童學(xué)習(xí)重要的技能。由此可推知,孤獨(dú)癥

兒童越早被診斷出來(lái)，對(duì)他(她)的治療就越好。故選A。

2.推理判斷題，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,mostscientistsagreethatgenesareoneofthe

highestriskctorsthatcanmakeapersonmorelikelytodevelopASD.可知然而，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)

為基因是使一個(gè)人更容易患孤獨(dú)癥最高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素之一。由此可推知，一個(gè)有孤獨(dú)癥兄弟的人

最有可能是自閉癥患者。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中AutismSpectrumDisorder(AsD)isadisabilitythatcancause

seriousocial,communicationandbehavioralproblems.Thereisoftennothingabouthowpeople

withASDthatmakesthemdifferentfromotherpeople,butpeoplewithASDmaycommunicate,

interact,behaveandlearninwaysthataredifferentfrommostotherpeople,可知孤獨(dú)癥(ASD)是

一種能夠?qū)е聡?yán)重的社交、溝通和行為問題的殘疾。孤獨(dú)癥患者和其他人的不同之處在于，

他們的長(zhǎng)相通常沒有什么不同，但是弧獨(dú)癥患者的交流、互動(dòng)、行為和學(xué)習(xí)方式可能與大多

數(shù)人不同。結(jié)合文章還介紹了關(guān)于兒童越早被診斷出來(lái)孤獨(dú)癥，治療效果就越好可推知，這篇

文章可能來(lái)自醫(yī)學(xué)雜志。故選D。

答案：l.B;2.D;3.B

解析：1.推理判斷題第一段講的是能快速減肥，結(jié)合作者在后問題到的“Theresultsthey

produceare...dangeroustohealth."—■些產(chǎn)品的效果得不到保證，甚至還會(huì)對(duì)健康帶來(lái)影響。

2.推理判斷題由第四段“Oftensuchproductsarenothingmoremoters.”可知廠家生產(chǎn)

此類商品除了賺錢別無(wú)他想。

3.推理判斷題由“a