2024屆中考英語專項復習時態(tài)和語態(tài)：時態(tài)辨析 講義

時態(tài)辨析現在進行時vs一般現在時現在進行時表示暫時性的動作，而一般現在時表示經常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；Myfatherisreadinganewspapernow.(短暫性）Myfatherreadsnewspaperseveryday.（經常性）I’mbrushingmyteeth.(短暫性）Iusuallybrushmyteethat7o’clockinthemorning.（經常性）Heisworkinginthelabnow.(短暫性）Heworksinamovietheater.（狀態(tài)）Themanwhoislyingonthebeachishisbrother.(短暫性）MuchofsouthAmerica,partsofAfricaandallofAustralialiesouthoftheequator.（狀態(tài)）現在進行時往往帶有感情色彩，而一般現在時只是說明事實；Heisalwayshelpingotherpeople.（表贊美）Healwayshelpsotherpeople.（說明事實）Sheiscomplainingallthetime.（表厭煩）Shecomplainsabouttheterribleweather.（說明事實）I'malwaysseeinghiminthelibrary.（表驚奇）Ialwaysseehiminthelibrary.（說明事實）在條件或時間狀語從句中，將來的動作須用一般現在時表示將來的意義Ifyoucometotheparty,you’llenjoyyourself.Ifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llcallmymother.以here,there等開頭的句子，說明動作正在發(fā)生時，謂語動詞不用現在進行時，而用一般現在時Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.過去進行時vs一般過去時過去進行時常常表示動作的未完成性，而一般過去時常常表示動作已經完成Mysisterwasreadingabookthistimelastnight.（讀了一些）Mysisterreadabooklastnight.（讀完了整本書）Theywerebuildingabridgeovertheriver.（在建造中）Theybuiltabridgeovertheriver.（已經建好了）過去進行時側重說明動作的持續(xù)時間的長度，而一般過去時只是說明過去某時發(fā)生了某事，強調動作的事實Hisbrotherwasplayinggamesallnight.（強調整晚都在玩游戲）Hisbrotherplayedgameslastnight.（強調昨晚玩了游戲，并不強調持續(xù)多長時間）Hewasstudyingforthetestthewholenight.（強調整晚一直在備考）Heopenedthedoorandrushedoutoftheroom.（強調開門和沖出去的動作）現在完成時vs一般過去時二者都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或情況。但是現在完成時強調的是動作的結果，它必然和“現在的情況”有聯系。而一般過去時只是表示過去的事情，與現在沒有聯系。Ihaveseenthefilmwithmyfriends.（說明現在已經了解電影的內容）Isawthefilmwithmyfriendslastweekend.（只說明上周末看過了電影）HehasbeentoBeijingmanytimes.（說明已經去過北京多次）HewenttoBeijing.（只強調“去過”北京這個動作）ThesestudentshavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.(說明到目前為止學了6年英語）ThesestudentsstudiedEnglishforsixyears.（說明過去學過6年英語，現在沒學了）現在完成時說明目前的情況，所以它屬于現在時態(tài)的范疇，因此不能和表示確定的過去時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear等。它只能與不表示明確時間段內狀語連用，如：already,never,ever,since1949,forthreemonths等。I’vehadthisbikeforfiveyears.Iboughtthisbikefiveyearsago.Billhasn’tfinishedreadingthebookuptonow.Billdidn’tfinishreadingthebookyesterday.Shehasalreadybeentoasciencemuseum.Shewenttoasciencemuseumlastsummervacation.練習：一、單項選擇1.Myyoungerbrother___scaredofdogseversinceadoghurthimwhenhewasfiveyearsold.A.willbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.wouldbe2.Myparents___forover30yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A.havebeenmarriedB.gotmarriedC.weremarriedD.havegotmarried3.-Cathy,canyouanswerthedoor?I__thedishes.-I'mcoming,Mum.A.washB.washedC.havewashedD.amwashing4.-Whenshallwebeginourdiscussion?-We'llbeginitwhenFrank___.A.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.come5.Bequick!AliceandBob________us.A.waitB.arewaitingC.havewaitedD.willwait6.-WhenwillUncleSamcometoseeus? -He'llvisitusthisweekend.He____methatbyemail. A.told B.istold C.willtell D.wasgoingtotell 7.Neitherthecouplenortheirson_____takeavacationnextweek.A.weregoingtoB.isgoingtoC.wasgoingto D.aregoingto 8.Inthepastfewyears,greatchanges______inthepoorvillage. A.takeplace B.havetakenplace B.tookplace D.havebeentakenplace 9.-Lookatthesign!Itsays“NoSwimming”.-Oh，sorry.I___it.A.don'tsee B.haven'tseenC.wasn'tseen D.didn'tsee 10.-Tom.___youever___thatnewfilm?-Yes，I__itaweekago. A.have;seen;saw B.have;seen;see C.do;see;see D.had;seen;saw 11.-Mary,whereisMissLiu?-She__aspeechonChinesearttothefirst-yearstudentsinthehall.A.gives B.gave C.isgiving D.hasgiven 12.IfNancy_____theexam,shewillgotoAustraliaforEnglishstudy.A.pass B.passed C.passes D.willpass 13.-That'sanicedress.-Itis.Myaunt__itformylastbirthday.buy B.willbuy C.havebought D.boughtThesupermarketisfarfrommyhouse,soI______onceaweek.AgoshoppingB.hasbeenthereC.wasshoppingD.hasgonethere15.Ourteacher,Mr.Chen_____mathonlinethedaybeforeyesterday.A.teaches B.taught C.willteach D.hadtaught 16.-Icalledyouatabouthalfpasteightlastnight,butnobodyanswered.-Oh,I____inmyofficeatthattime.A.willworkBwasworkingC.workedD.hadworked17.-Whynotgotothemovieswithus?-BecauseI____it.A.sawB.willseeC.seeD.haveseen18.-Isyourmotherathome?-No,She___tovisitafarm.A.hasbeentoB.goesC.hasgoneD.hasbeenin19.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It__10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenaway20.-DoyouknowJackwell?-Certainly.We___friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebecomeDhavebeen21.WhenIgotthere,he_____themtodance.AisteachingB.teachesC.wasteachingD.taught二、根據句意,用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。每空一詞。 1.Awomancameoutofherdoorand_____(see)threeoldmensittinginfrontofherhouse.She______(invite)themintohavesomethingtoeat.2.Thewomanwentinandtoldherhusbandwhat_______(happen).3.Theirdaughter_________(jump)inwithheridea.4.Lily______(get)upandstartedwalkingintothehouse.5.Whereverhe__(go),wewillgowithhim.6.There___________(be)aSummerCampnextmonth.Comeandjoinus.7.SincelastAugust.theoldlady___________(have)badheadachesthreetofourtimesamonth.8.Sincehefelloff