Unit 13 課時1 Section A（學(xué)生版）九年級英語全一冊講義（人教版）

Unit13We’retryingtosavetheearth.目標導(dǎo)航目標導(dǎo)航Words1.______(v.)亂扔(n.)垃圾；廢棄物2.______(adj.)丑陋的；難看的3.______(n.)優(yōu)點；有利條件4.______(v.)花費(n.)花費；價錢5.______(adj.)木制的；木頭的6.______(n.)底部；最下部7.______(n.)漁民；釣魚的人8.______(n.)煤；煤塊9.______(adj.)塑料的(n.)塑料；塑膠10.______(n.)外賣食物11.______(n.)垃圾箱12.______(n.)鯊魚13.______(n.)(魚)鰭14.______(n.)方法；措施15.______(adj.)殘酷的；殘忍的16.______(adj.)有害的17.______(n.)鏈條；鏈子18.______(n.)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)19.______(n.)工業(yè)20.______(n.)法律；法規(guī)21.______(v.)承擔(dān)得起(后果)；買得起Phrases1.付諸行動__________________2.參與；起作用__________________3.在...頂部/底部________________________________________________________________7.對...有害______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.付錢.__________________15.涉及，有關(guān)________________________________________________________________________Sentences1.我認為一些簡單的事情如購物時帶上購物袋都能起到作用。______________________________________________________2.如果他們（鯊魚）的數(shù)目降至過低，會給所有的海洋生物帶來危險。______________________________________________________3.因此，我們齊心協(xié)力就能帶來變化，創(chuàng)造美好的未來。______________________________________________________4.世界各地的環(huán)境保護組織，如野生救援協(xié)會和世界自然基金會，都在教育公眾有關(guān)“獵翅”的行為。______________________________________________________5.為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該坐公交車或地鐵去上班而不是開車。______________________________________________________知識精講知識精講知識點01fish和catch的用法【課文詳解】。【句型剖析】fish名詞，此處意為“魚"?！咀⒁狻竣賔ish表示同一種類的魚時，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形：例：afish一條魚，twofish兩條魚，②表示不同種類的魚時復(fù)數(shù)加es：例：Thesearethreefishes.這是三種魚.③作“魚肉"講時，為不可數(shù)名詞：例：apieceoffish一塊魚肉?！揪湫推饰觥縞atch動詞，意為“抓住"，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為catches，其過去式為caught。例：Catslikecatchingmice.貓喜歡捉老鼠.【習(xí)慣搭配】catchthetrain趕火車catchupwith趕上catchacold感冒【即學(xué)即練】There_____lotsoffishinthisriver,andbirdscatch______forfood.A．a(chǎn)re,them B．a(chǎn)re,

it C．is,

it D．is,them知識點02bottom的用法【課文詳解】?！揪湫推饰觥縝ottom名詞，意為“底部；最下部”.常構(gòu)成短語atthebottomof...，意為“在...的底部”，其反義詞組為atthetopof意為“在......頂端.例：There'saholeatthebottomoftheflowerpot.花盆底部有個洞.【知識拓展】①表示“在......的底部”時，有時根據(jù)語境也可用介詞in或on。例：Thereissometealeftinthebottomofthecup.有些茶葉留在了杯子底部。(指杯子內(nèi)部的底部)Thereissomedustonthebottomofthecup.杯子底部有一些塵土，(指杯子外部的底部)②bottom還可作形容詞，意為“最下面的，最末的"，例：Platesareonthebottomshelf.盤子在最下層擱板上。【即學(xué)即練】Iwaitedforthem________thebottomofthehill.A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．for D．of知識點03usedtobe的用法【課文詳解】Butitusedtobesoclean!但它過去是那么干凈!【句型剖析】usedtobe“過去是......"；usedtodosth.“過去常常做某事"，它表示過去存在某種狀態(tài)或者過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，并意味著這種狀態(tài)或動作目前已存在。例：HeusedtobeanEnglishteacher.他過去是一名英語老師。Heusedtoswimintheriverwhenhewasachild.他是一個小孩子的時候，常常在這條河里游泳?！局R拓展】①usedto的否定形式是didn'tuseto或usedn'tto，例：Shedidn'tuseto/usedn'ttolikedancing.她過去不喜歡跳舞。②usedto...句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，可以用Didsb.useto...?或Usedsb.to...?例：Didyouuseto/Usedyoutoplaythepiano?你過去經(jīng)常彈鋼琴嗎?Yes,Idid/usedto.是的，我經(jīng)常彈。No,Ididn’t(useto).不，我不經(jīng)常彈。③反意疑問句的陳述部分有usedto時，附加疑問部分可以用didn't或usedn't.例：Tomusedtogetupearly，didn't/usedn'the?湯姆過去常常早起，不是嗎?Yes,hedid/usedto.是的，他過去是這樣。No,hedidn’t/usedn’tto.不是，他過去不是這樣的?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—What’syourhobby?—I________playputergames,butnowI________studyingontheInternet.A．usedto;getusedto B．a(chǎn)musedto;usedto C．a(chǎn)musedto;getusedto D．usedto;usedto知識點04litter的用法【課文詳解】Yes，butpeoplearethrowinglitterintotheriver.是的，但人們正把垃圾扔進河里。【句型剖析】litter作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“垃圾；廢棄物”，例：Youcan'tdroplitterinthegarden.你不能在花園里扔垃圾。辨析litter，garbage，rubbish與wastelitter指四處亂丟的東西和雜物garbage專指廚房中的殘羹剩飯等必須清除的垃圾rubbish指殘骸、廢物等普通垃圾，特意集中起來以便清除waste指任何披丟棄的東西例：Pleasedon'tdroplitter.請不要亂扔垃圾，Don'tforgettotakeoutthegarbageafterdinner.晚飯后不要忘記把垃圾帶出去.You'dbetternotthrowtherubbishontheground.你最好不要把垃圾扔在地上，Wasteisalsobeingmoreandmorehazardous廢棄物的危害也變得越來越大?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—Itisreportedthatmanyseaanimalshavediedbecauseofwastemasks.—Peoplemuststop________wastemasksintothesea.A．collecting B．tocollect C．littering D．tolitter知識點05o的用法【課文詳解】Thisisturningbeautifulplacesintouglyones.這將把美麗的地方變成丑陋的地方?！揪湫推饰觥縪...為固定短語，意為“把......變成......".例：Icantumtheliquidintothegas.我能把液體變成氣體，辨析：turninto與changeintoturninto既指形式上的改變，也表示狀態(tài)上本質(zhì)的改變changeinto更強調(diào)外在形式上的改變例：Waterturnsintoice.水變成冰。Hechangedintotheworkingclothes.他換上了工作服?！炯磳W(xué)即練】TheAntForestofAlipayishelpingtoturn_____intoforestsbyaskingpeopletoplantonlinetrees.A．oceans B．mountains C．deserts知識點06advantage的用法【課文詳解】Thereareotheradvantagesofbikeriding.騎自行車有其他優(yōu)點?！揪湫推饰觥縜dvantage可數(shù)名詞，意為“優(yōu)點；有利條件".其反義詞為disadvantage，意為“劣勢，不利條件"，例：Whatistheadvantageofusingnuclearpower?使用核能的優(yōu)點是什么?【知識拓展】與advantage與有關(guān)的短語：takeadvantageof利用beofadvantageto對......有利haveadvantageover優(yōu)于，勝過【即學(xué)即練】Hewonthematchbecausehetookadvantageofhisweight.A．playedajokeon B．madefulluseof C．cameupwith D．thoughthighlyof知識點07makedifference和leadto的用法【課文詳解】Sotogether，ouractionscanmakeadifferenceandleadtobetterfuture!因此，齊心協(xié)力，我們的行動就能起作用，就會創(chuàng)造一個更加美好的未來!【句型剖析】makedifference意為“起作用；有影響”，其后可接介詞to，構(gòu)成短語makedifferenceto，表示對某人或某事物有影響。例：Akindsmilecanmakeabigdifference.一個善意的微笑會產(chǎn)生很大的影響?！局R拓展】有關(guān)make的常用短語：makethebed鋪床maketea沏茶makeamistake犯錯誤makealiving謀生makenoise制造噪音makesure務(wù)必maketrouble惹麻煩makemoney賺錢makeavisit拜訪makeatelephonecall打makeadecision做決定【句型剖析】leadto為固定短語，意為“引起(結(jié)果等)".例：Eatingtoomuchsaltcanleadtohealthproblems.吃太多鹽會引起健康問題，知識拓展①leaddo“致使某人做某事"例：Whatledyoutothinkso?什么使你這樣想呢?②leadsb.tosomeplace意為“帶領(lǐng)某人去某地”?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Everyonewillmake________greatdifferenceinthisexam.Justreadallthequestionscarefullyandbelieveinyourself!A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the知識點08hearof的用法【課文詳解】Manyhaveheardofsharkfinsoup.很多人都聽說過魚翅湯?！揪湫推饰觥縣earof意為“聽說，聽到”，相當(dāng)于hearabout。例如：Ihaveneverheardofhim.我從來沒聽人說起過他?！就卣埂縣ear;hearof與hearfrom的辨析：(1)hear“聽見，聽說”。當(dāng)“聽見”“聽見某人/某物（在）做某事”，當(dāng)“聽說”時，后面常接從句。例如：Canyouhearabirdsinginginthetreenow?你現(xiàn)在能聽見鳥在樹上唱歌嗎？Iheardthatshepassedtheexam.我聽說她通過考試了。(2)hearof“聽說，得知”，后面接名詞或代詞，指聽到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如：Jimdisappearedandnobodyheardofhim.Jim不知去向，沒有人再聽到他的消息。(3)hearfrom“收到……來信”，后面常接人作賓語。例如：Haveyoueverheardfromyourpenpal?你是否收到過筆友的來信?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—Didyou________abigfireinSuzy’sschool,Mary?—No.Ididn’t________her.IssheOK?A．hear;hear B．hearabout;hear C．hear;hearfrom D．hearabout;hearfrom知識點09whole和eachtime的用法【課文詳解】Butdoyourealizethatyou'rekillingawholesharkeachtimeyouenjoybowlofsharkfinsoup?但是你意識到每當(dāng)你享受一碗魚翅羹時，你正在殺死一整條鯊魚了嗎?【句型剖析】whole此處作形容詞，意為“全部的，所有的"，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“限定詞+whole+名詞".例：Heworkedthewholenight.他工作了整整一個晚上。辨析：whole與allwhole放在冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等之后。在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一般用whole，但在物質(zhì)名詞前則不用whole；在時間名詞(如day，week，month，year等)以及季節(jié)名詞(spring，summer，autumn，winter)之前，all與whole兩者都可用(注意冠詞的位置)。all放在冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等之前。在復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前一般用all，而不用whole；在表地點的專有名詞之前，一般用all而不用whole，但可用thewholeof。例：thewholefamily/allthefamily全家Thewholebuildingisburning.整座樓都在燃燒Allmyfriendsarepoor.我所有的朋友都貧窮.[誤]thewholefood[正]allthefood所有的食物[誤]thewholewine[正]allthewine所有的酒allChina/thewholeofChina全中國all(the)spring/thewholespring整個春天【句型剖析】eachtime意為“每次"，名詞性短語，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于everytime類似的還有thefirsttimetheminute，themoment等.例：Eachtimemeethim，hetriestotellmesomethingnew.每次我遇到他，他都盡力告訴我一些新鮮事情?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Wehavetoomanylessons,andIhavetostudy________.A．theallday B．thewholeday C．wholetheday D．wholeday知識點10can和endangered的用法【課文詳解】Manybelievethatsharkscanneverbeendangeredbecausetheyarethestrongestintheirfoodchain.許多人認為鯊魚不可能瀕危，因為它們在它們所在的食物鏈中是最強者?！揪湫推饰觥縞an表推測時，常用于否定句或疑問句中，can't意為“一定不；不可能”。例：Itcan'tbetrue.它不可能是真的.Whatcanhebedoing?他可能在做什么呢?【句型剖析】endangered形容詞，意為“瀕危的；灝臨滅絕的".例：Pandasareanendangeredspecies.熊貓是一種灝臨滅絕的物種，辨析endangered，danger，dangerous與indangerendangered形容詞，“瀕危的；瀕臨滅絕的”danger不可數(shù)名詞，危險，威脅"，后接of(doing)sthdangerous形容詞，“危險的”indanger介詞短語，“在危險中"。Isthereanydangeroffire?有發(fā)生火災(zāi)的危險嗎?It'sdangerousforchildrentoswimintheriver.對孩子們來說在河里游泳是危險的。Herlifeisindanger.她有生命危險?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Acaraccidenthappenedherejustnow.Themanis________.Wemustsendhimtothehospitalatonce.A．indanger B．inthedangerous C．danger D．dangerous知識點11asksb.todosth.的用法【課文詳解】Theyhaveevenaskedgovernmentstodeveloplawstostopthesaleofsharkfins.他們甚至要求政府制定法律，禁止銷售魚翅?！揪湫推饰觥縜sksb.todosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式為asksb.nottodosth.，意為“要求某人別做某事”。例如：HeasksTomtostaywithhim.他要求湯姆跟他一起留下。MissZhangasksJacknottoelateagain.張老師要求杰克不要再遲到了?！就卣埂縜sk的常見搭配：(1)與介詞for連用，有“要求得到”的意思。例如：Maryasksherfatherformoney.瑪麗向她父親要錢。(2)與about連用，表示詢問或打聽關(guān)于某事的情況。例如：UncleHillaskedaboutyoutheotherday.前些日子希爾大叔問起過你?！炯磳W(xué)即練】—Myputerisbroken.—WhynotaskMr.Smith________foryou?A．tofixupit B．fixupit C．tofixitup D．fixitup知識點12afford和takeaction的用法【課文詳解】Yes，wecan'taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction.是的，我們再也等不起了，應(yīng)該(立馬)采取行動!【句型剖析】afford及物動詞，意為“承擔(dān)得起(后果)".例：Wecannotaffordanymoredelays.我們不能再有任何耽了?！局R拓展】①afford常與can，could，beableto等連用，且多用于否定句中。②afford后跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語，但不能跟動詞ing形式，③afford通常不用于被動語態(tài).④affordtodo例：Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer.今年夏天我們負擔(dān)不起去國外，【句型剖析】takeaction動詞短語，意為“采取行動”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)takeactiontodosth.意為“采取行動做某事".例：Thegovernmentmusttakeactionnowtoprotecttheenvironment政府現(xiàn)在必須采取行動保護環(huán)境?！局R拓展】有關(guān)take的常見短語：takeplace發(fā)生takeashower淋浴takeawalk散步taketurns輪流takeexercise運動takecare當(dāng)心takenotes記筆記takethemedicine吃藥takecareof照料takeamessage帶個口信takeabreak/rest休息一下takeiteasy別緊張takeabus/train/taxi乘公共汽車/火車/出租車【即學(xué)即練】—Whatdoyouthinkofthe5Gphone?—Ireallylikeit.ButIcan’tafford________it.A．buy B．buying C．tobuy D．bought能力拓展能力拓展考法01usedto的辨析辨析usedtodosth.，be/getusedto(doing)sth.與beusedtodosthusedtodosth.“過去常常做某事”，表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)be/getusedto(doing)sth“習(xí)慣于(做)某事"，to為介詞beusedtodosth.“被用來做某事"，是usedo形式例：Mr.WhiteusedtoliveinChina，soheisusedtoeatingChinesedishes.懷特先生過去住在中國，所以他習(xí)慣吃中國菜。Clothisusedtomakeclothes.布被用來做衣服?！镜淅縏hescissors________cutthewool_________thesheep.A．a(chǎn)reusedto;off B．isusedto;off C．a(chǎn)reusedto;down D．isusedto;down考法02spend、take、cost和pay的辨析【拓展】表示“花費”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：詞語主語結(jié)構(gòu)spend人(sb.)sb.spends+時間或金錢+(in)doingsth./onsth.takeit作形式主語Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(真正主語)pay人(sb.)sb.pays+金錢+forsth.coststh.(物)sth.costssb.+金錢例如：Ispent3hours(in)doing/onmyhomeworkyesterday.昨天我花了三個小時做作業(yè)。IttookmefourhourstogotoWuhanbybus.乘公共汽車去武漢花了我四個小時。Ipaidsixyuanforthepen.我花了六元錢買這支筆。MyEnglishbookcostmefiveyuan.我的英語書花了我五元錢?！镜淅俊狧owmuchdoesthephone________?—Eighthundreddollars.A．cost B．spend C．take D．pay考法03insteadof的用法insteadof是介詞短語，意為“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟與前面并列成分相應(yīng)的名詞、代詞、動詞ing形式等作為介詞賓語。例如：Hewenttothecinemainsteadofgoingtoschool.他去了電影院而不是學(xué)校?！就卣埂?1)instead作副詞，意為“代替，而不是”，常用作狀語。例如：Heistired.Letmegoinstead.他累了，讓我替他去吧。Sheneverstudies.Instead,sheplaystennisallday.她從不學(xué)習(xí)，而是整天打網(wǎng)球。(2)instead和insteadof的辨析：instead是副詞，后面不接其他的詞，一般情況下可不譯出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首時常用逗號隔開，表示前面的事沒做，而做了后面的事。例如：Hedidn’tgotoschool.Instead,hewenttothecinema.他沒有去學(xué)校，相反他去了電影院。Insteadoflendingahand,helaughedatus.他不僅沒有幫我們一把，反而嘲笑我們?！镜淅縈ybrotherwatchedthefootballmatchinsteadof________hishomework.A．doing B．do C．did D．does考法04litter的用法littern.垃圾v.亂扔(1)litter作名詞相當(dāng)于rubbish，是不可數(shù)名詞。Thereissomelitterinthepark.公園里有一些垃圾。【易混辨析】litter和rubbish都可指＂垃圾＂，用作不可數(shù)名詞，但含義不同。litter指＂(在公共場所亂扔的)廢棄物(尤指廢紙等雜物)＂。Pickupyourlitterafterapicnic.野餐后將廢棄物收拾好。rubbish指＂(不再想要或不需要的)廢棄物或垃圾＂。Theroomisfullofrubbish.房間里堆滿了垃圾。(2)litter作動詞用意為＂亂扔＂。Thefloorwaslitteredwithpapers.地板上亂七八糟扔了許多報紙?！镜淅縏omakeourcitymorebeautiful,weshouldprotectourenvironment.Sodon’tdroplittereverywhere.Whichofthefollowingsignsmeans“Nolittering”?A． B． C． D．考法05cut詞組的辨析cutdown意為＂減少＂；是＂動詞+副詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，其后接的賓語為名詞時，賓語可位于down的前面或后面，為代詞時，只能位于down前面。Carownerswereaskedtocutdowntravel.車主們被要求減少出行。Treesarehelpfultous.Don’tcutthemdown.樹對于我們有益處，不要砍伐它們?！疽谆毂嫖觥縞utdown砍倒；減少Peoplecutdownmanytreessoalotofanimalslosetheirhomes.人們砍倒了很多樹，因此很多動物失去了它們的家。cutoff切掉Thedoctorhadtocutoffhisarmtosavehislife.為了挽救他的生命，醫(yī)生不得不將他的胳膊截肢。cutout刪除Youcancutouttheunimportantdetails.你可以刪掉不重要的細節(jié)。cutup切碎Cutupthemeat,please.請把肉切碎?！镜淅緾ouldyoupleasehelpmecut________themeatfordumplings?A．down B．up C．into D．off分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練1．（2022·遼寧鞍山·中考真題）Pleaserememberto________thelightswhenyouleavearoom.A．putoff B．cutoff C．takeoff D．turnoff2．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—Mingming,whereisyourbrother?—Look!He_______ontheplayground.A．runs B．isrunning C．wasrunning D．ran3．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真題）—Whatareyoudoing?—I________thebookTheOldManandSea.A．a(chǎn)mreading B．wasreading C．read4．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）Listen!They________songsforthe100birthdayoftheCCYL（中國共青團）.A．a(chǎn)resinging B．sang C．willsing5．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真題）Pleaserememberto________thelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A．turnon B．turnto C．turnoff6．（2022·廣西梧州·中考真題）—Wow!Themusicsoundswonderful!—Yes.Jessie________theviolininthenextroom.A．plays B．playedC．isplaying D．wasplaying7．（2022·湖南邵陽·中考真題）—Where’sAnna,dear?—She________anonlineclassinherroom.A．istaking B．takes C．willtake8．（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）—Haveyouever________theprogramofWWF?—Yes,Ihave.Iamoneofthelocalwildaidmembers.A．takencareof B．gotusedto C．takenpartin9．（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）—NanjingRoadisverycrowdedthesedays.—Theworkers________it.Itissaidthatit________soon.A．repair；finishes B．haverepaired；willfinish C．a(chǎn)rerepairing；willbefinished10．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真題）—Isyourfatherathome,Jill?—No.He________hiscaroutside.A．waswashing B．willwash C．iswashing題組B能力提升練補全對話（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）A:Hi,Jane.Wouldyouliketohelpsavetheenvironment?B:Yes.___11___A:Youcanstartbyturningoffthelights.B:Yes,that’seasy.SometimesIturnonthelightswithoutthinking.What’snext?A:Second,youcanrideabicycle.Don’ttakeabusifyoudon’thaveto.B:___12___Whatelse?A:Third,trytorecyclepaper.B:Mm.Newspapers,magazines.mail…___13___Goodidea.A:Thefourthideaisturningofftheshowerwhenyou’renotusingit.B:YoumeanwhenIhaveshampooinmyhair?A:Yes.Getwet.___14___Puttheshampooinyourhairandthenturnontheshowerandwashitout.B:Willthathelptheenvironment?A:Yes,wehavetosavewater.___15___Don’tuseplasticbags.B:OK.Myparentsdomostoftheshopping.I’lltellthem.A．ButwhatcanIdo?B．Wegetalotofpaperathome.C．You’dbettercleanyourroomeveryday.D．Turnofftheshower.E．CanIhelpyou?F．Andfifth,takeabagwhenyougoshopping.G．Thatwillsavemoney,too.閱讀單選（2019·廣西河池·中考真題）TheWorldHealthOrganization(世界衛(wèi)生組織)saysairpollutionkillssevenmillionpeoplearoundtheworldeachyear.Evenifpollutedairdoesnotkillus,itcanmakeusverysick.However,breathingdirtyairmaydomorethanhurtyourbody.Itcanalsoaffect(影響)yourbrainandyourabilitytothink.Anewstudyshowsthatairpollutioncancausea“huge”reduction(減少)inourintelligence(智商).Theresearchersreportedthatthelongtermexposure(暴露)

toairpollutioncanaffectaperson’smental(智力)abilitiesintwoareas:languageandmath.XiChen,theresearcheroftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealthledthestudy.Heandhisteamfoundthatbreathingpollutedaircanreduceaperson’seducationlevelbyaboutoneyear.Chensaidthattheeffect(結(jié)果)generallyisworseforthoseover64yearsofage,especiallyformenandforthosewithlittleornoeducation.“Theolderpersons—theyaremoreaffected.Andwefind,quiteinterestingly,menaremoreaffectedthanwomen.Andpeopleworkingoutdoorsaremoreaffectedthanpeopleworkingindoors.”Theresearchersnotedthattheeffectofpollutiononlanguageabilityisevenmoreseriousaspeopleage,especiallyamongmenandthelesseducated.Whywerelanguageskillsmoreaffectedthanmath?Therearetwomainkindsoftissue(組織)inthebrain:whitematterandgreymatter.Whitematterismoreconnectedwithaperson’slanguageskills,whilegreymatterisconnectedtoourabilitytosolvemathproblems.Studieshaveshownthatairpollutionhasagreateffectonthewhitematterinthebrain,butnotthegreymatter.Chensaidthatairpollutiondidaffectthemathskills,justnotasmuchastheirlanguageskills.16．Airpollutioncauses_______millionpeopletodiearoundtheworldeachyear.A．one B．two C．seven D．sixtyfour17．Whichisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Breathingdirtyairmayhurtyourbody.B．Breathingdirtyaircanaffectyourbrain,C．Breathingdirtyaircanaffectyourabilitytothink.D．Breathingdirtyaircanmakeyourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))strong.18．Theeffectofbreathingpollutedairgenerallyisworseforthosepeopleexcept__________.A．men B．womenC．thosewithlittleornoeducation D．thoseover64yearsofage19．Inthesixthparagraph,“peopleworkingoutdoors”probablyrefersto(指的是)“________”.A．theresearchersB．peoplewithlittleornoeducationC．peoplefromtheWorldHealthOrganizationD．peoplefromtheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth20．Airpollutionaffectedthelanguageskillsmathskills.A．a(chǎn)smuchas B．a(chǎn)slittleas C．morethan D．lessthan（2019·四川內(nèi)江·中考真題）TheGreensgotaratherunhappysurpriseswhentheytriedtoflyformCardifftoLanzarotelastweekend.Becauseofabadmistakeattheairlinecheckindesk,theGreensgotonthewrongflight(航班)andendedupinAnkara.Sohowdidthemixuphappen?Itwasfiveo’clockonSundaymorningwhenCharlieandKateGreenarrivedatCardiffairportwiththeirnineyearolddaughterTina.TheycheckedinproperlyfortheirflighttoLanzarote,butthecheckinattendant(服務(wù)員)madeamistakewiththeirboardingpassesandalsosentthemtothewrongboardinggate.Unluckily,itwassoearlyandtheGreenswerefeelingsotiredandtheydidn’tnoticeanythingwrong.Whatwasworse,thereweren’tanyannouncementsintheboardinggatearea.WhentheGreensfinallygotontheplane,CharlieandKateGreenfellasleepatonce,thoughtherewereinterestingfilms,magazines,newspapersandmusicforthemtochoosetospendtheboringtime.LittleTinatookoutahistorybookaboutRomeandread.Twohourslater,shefellasleep,too.Thedidn’twakeupuntilsixhourslater,whentheplanewaslanding.Suddenly,theflightattendantsaid.“WeletoAnkara!”TheGreenscouldn’tbelieveit,andlittleTinawasquiteunhappy.Thefamilyhadtogetoftheplaneandthenpay￡10fortouristvisa(簽證).Intheend,theydecidedtogetbackhome,arriveat5:00p.m.onthesameday.21．WheredidheGreensplantospendtheirweekend?A．InCardiff. B．InLanzarote. C．InRome. D．InAnkara.22．WhatdidlittleTinadofirstontheplane?A．Shesawafilm. B．Shewenttosleep.C．Shelistenedtomusic. D．Shereadahistorybook.23．HowdidtheGreensfeelwhentheyarrivedinAnkara?A．Bored. B．Excited. C．Interested. D．Surprised.24．What’sthebesttitle

forthetext?A．WhataWrongTrip B．ATriptoAnkaraC．TheGreens’Trip D．HowlongaTrip題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練（2018·內(nèi)蒙古通遼·中考真題）Bikesharingisanewchoiceforshortjourneysincities.Itisgoodtothe___25___developmentofthebigcities.

A___26___byapanyfoundthatsharedbikesstartedthenation’s___27___forbikesagain.NowmoreandmoreChinesepeopleare___28___bikesinsteadofcarstomakeshortjourneysincities.

Anengineerofthatpanysaysthatsincethestartofsharedbikes,people___29___fewertripsbycar.Theloveforsharedbikesisnotonlyamong___30___people,who