信號(hào)與線性系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告

信號(hào)與線性系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告課題名稱：數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)分析系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)班級(jí)：姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：成績(jī)：指導(dǎo)教師：王霞日期：2012-12-27摘要：數(shù)字信號(hào)處理在實(shí)際生活生產(chǎn)中具有廣泛應(yīng)用，優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括靈活性、高穩(wěn)定性、可靠性、集成度高等。同時(shí)該方法在各學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，近十幾年來(lái)得到了飛速發(fā)展，形成了信息處理方面的許多高興技術(shù)。數(shù)字信號(hào)分析相關(guān)應(yīng)用同時(shí)又是目前進(jìn)行語(yǔ)音信號(hào)分析處理的有效方法。本次設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)于語(yǔ)音信號(hào)分析系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括讀取原始語(yǔ)音信號(hào)，給原始信號(hào)加入干擾噪聲，原信號(hào)及加噪信號(hào)的FFT，設(shè)計(jì)濾波器對(duì)加噪信號(hào)進(jìn)行濾波，時(shí)域參數(shù)計(jì)算等功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。所有功能可通過(guò)MATLAB的GUI的操作完成，其中初始信號(hào)、噪聲信號(hào)、濾波器參數(shù)均為默認(rèn)值，濾波器選用了巴特沃斯濾波器和切比雪夫?yàn)V波器，可以分別進(jìn)行濾波并比較濾波結(jié)果。LABVIEW的仿真設(shè)計(jì)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)讀取語(yǔ)音信號(hào)、加噪、計(jì)算FFT、濾波，其中原始語(yǔ)音信號(hào)可選，噪聲的參數(shù)部分可調(diào)。關(guān)鍵詞：語(yǔ)音信號(hào)，信號(hào)分析，F(xiàn)FT，濾波器1課程設(shè)計(jì)的目的、意義1.1課程設(shè)計(jì)的目的本設(shè)計(jì)課題主要研究數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)的初步分析方法、濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用。掌握Matlab軟件的特點(diǎn)和使用方法；掌握利用Matlab分析信號(hào)和系統(tǒng)的時(shí)域、頻域特性的方法；掌握數(shù)字濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)方法及應(yīng)用；了解語(yǔ)音信號(hào)的特性及分析方法；了解LabVIEW虛擬儀器的特點(diǎn)，了解采用LabVIEW進(jìn)行仿真的方法。1.2課程設(shè)計(jì)的意義通過(guò)本課題的設(shè)計(jì)，提高運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)分析和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。2設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及技術(shù)指標(biāo)利用MATLAB設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)分析系統(tǒng)，利用GUI設(shè)計(jì)友好的圖形用戶界面，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)讀取，時(shí)域波形顯示，頻譜分析，設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)字濾波器濾除噪聲，對(duì)語(yǔ)音型號(hào)的參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析等功能。具體為：對(duì)原始數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行讀取；對(duì)原始數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)加入干擾噪聲，畫(huà)出原始信號(hào)及帶噪信號(hào)的時(shí)域波形，利用FFT進(jìn)行頻域分析，畫(huà)出相應(yīng)波形；針對(duì)數(shù)字語(yǔ)音信號(hào)頻譜及噪聲頻率，設(shè)計(jì)合適的數(shù)字濾波器濾除噪聲；對(duì)噪聲濾除前后的語(yǔ)音進(jìn)行時(shí)頻域分析；對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)部分時(shí)域參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算；設(shè)計(jì)圖形用戶界面。采用LabVIEW進(jìn)行仿真設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的功能，要求給出系統(tǒng)的前面板和框圖，并記錄仿真結(jié)果。3設(shè)計(jì)方案論證(附紙)4設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容利用MATLAB軟件對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析頻譜分析，對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)加入干擾噪聲，對(duì)加入噪聲的信號(hào)進(jìn)行頻譜分析，設(shè)計(jì)合適的濾波器濾除噪聲。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求分析系統(tǒng)功能，掌握設(shè)計(jì)中所需理論及設(shè)計(jì)原理（抽樣頻率、量化位數(shù)的概念，抽樣定理；信號(hào)的FFT分析；數(shù)字濾波器設(shè)計(jì)原理和方法，各種不同類型濾波器的性能比較）。對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)做FFT，進(jìn)行頻譜分析，畫(huà)出信號(hào)的時(shí)域波形圖和頻譜圖。對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)加入干擾噪聲，對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行回放（利用sound函數(shù)），感覺(jué)加噪前后聲音的變化。對(duì)其做FFT，進(jìn)行頻譜分析，比較加噪前后語(yǔ)音信號(hào)的波形及頻譜，對(duì)所得結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)帶噪語(yǔ)音信號(hào)的特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)合適的數(shù)字濾波器，繪制所設(shè)計(jì)濾波器的幅頻和相頻特性。用所設(shè)計(jì)的濾波器對(duì)帶噪語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行濾波，記錄處理過(guò)程中所得各種波形及頻譜圖。對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行回放，感覺(jué)濾波前后聲音的變化。比較濾波前后語(yǔ)音信號(hào)的波形及頻譜，對(duì)所得結(jié)果和濾波器性能進(jìn)行分析。語(yǔ)音信號(hào)部分時(shí)域參數(shù)計(jì)算。對(duì)語(yǔ)音信號(hào)進(jìn)行分幀，分別取濁音幀和清音幀計(jì)算短時(shí)能量和短時(shí)平均過(guò)零率等參數(shù)，并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析。利用GUI設(shè)計(jì)友好的圖形用戶界面。要求主界面上包括語(yǔ)音的波形顯示及播放按鈕，濾波器參數(shù)設(shè)置框及濾波功能按鈕；濾波前后語(yǔ)音信號(hào)時(shí)域波形及頻譜的顯示，濾波器幅頻特性的顯示；語(yǔ)音信號(hào)時(shí)域參數(shù)計(jì)算等功能。其中波形及頻譜顯示可包含在主界面中，也可在新建圖形窗口中完成。采用LabVIEW進(jìn)行仿真設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的功能，包括語(yǔ)音文件的讀取及播放、濾波前后語(yǔ)音信號(hào)時(shí)域波形及頻譜的顯示、濾波器幅頻特性的顯示等功能，要求給出系統(tǒng)的前面板和程序框圖，并記錄仿真結(jié)果。5實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析MATLABPART:GUI程序：functionvarargout=GUI(varargin)gui_Singleton=1;gui_State=struct('gui_Name',mfilename,...'gui_Singleton',gui_Singleton,...'gui_OpeningFcn',@GUI_OpeningFcn,...'gui_OutputFcn',@GUI_OutputFcn,...'gui_LayoutFcn',[],...'gui_Callback',[]);ifnargin&&ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback=str2func(varargin{1});endifnargout[varargout{1:nargout}]=gui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});endfunctionGUI_OpeningFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles,varargin)handles.output=hObject;guidata(hObject,handles);functionvarargout=GUI_OutputFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)varargout{1}=handles.output;%---Executesonbuttonpressinyuyinboxing.functionpushbutton1_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(1);[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;q=n*2*pi/N;X=fft(x,N);subplot(1,2,1);plot(x);title('yuyinxinhaoboxing');subplot(1,2,2);plot(q,abs(X));title('yuyinxinhaopinpu');%---Executesonbuttonpressinyuyinbofang.functionpushbutton2_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)sound('G:\design\qian1.wav')%---ExecutesonbuttonpressinFFT.functionpushbutton3_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(2);[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');subplot(1,1,1)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;q=n*2*pi/N;X=fft(x,N);plot(q,abs(X));title('FFT')%---Executesonbuttonpressinjiaruzaosheng.functionpushbutton4_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(3);[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');subplot(2,1,1)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;q=n*2*pi/N;X=fft(x,N);plot(q,abs(X));title('FFT')subplot(2,1,2)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);k=0:M-1;q=n*2*pi/N;y=x+0.05*cos(1.5*pi*k)';Y=fft(y,N);plot(q,abs(Y));title('FFT(withnoise)')%---ExecutesonbuttonpressinButterworthFilter.functionpushbutton7_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(4);%ButterworthFilterwp=0.25*pi;ws=0.35*pi;Rp=1;As=17;T=1;OmegaP=wp/T;OmegaS=ws/T;[cs,ds]=afd_butt(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As);[b,a]=imp_invr(cs,ds,T)[db,mag,pha,w]=freqz_m(b,a);subplot(2,1,1);plot(w/pi,mag);title('MagnitudeResponse')axis([0,1,0,1.1])subplot(2,1,2);plot(w/pi,db);title('MagnitudeinDB')axis([0,1,-40,5]);%---ExecutesonbuttonpressinChebyshevFilter.functionpushbutton8_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(5);%ChebyshevFilterwp=0.25*pi;ws=0.35*pi;Rp=1;As=17;T=1;OmegaP=(2/T)*tan(wp/2);OmegaS=(2/T)*tan(ws/2);ep=sqrt(10^(Rp/10)-1);Ripple=sqrt(1/(1+ep*ep));Attn=1/(10^(As/20));A1=1/Attn;a1=sqrt(A1*A1-1)/ep;a2=OmegaS/OmegaP;N=ceil(logm(a1+sqrt(a1*a1-1))/logm(a2+sqrt(a2*a2-1)));fprintf('\nChebyshevFilterOrder=%2.0f\n',N)[cs,ds]=u_chb1ap(N,Rp,OmegaP);[B,A]=bilinear(cs,ds,T)[db,mag,pha,w]=freqz_m(B,A);subplot(2,1,1);plot(w/pi,mag);title('MagnitudeResponse');axis([0,1,0,1.1])subplot(2,1,2);plot(w/pi,db);title('MagnitudeinDB');axis([0,1,-40,5]);%---ExecutesonbuttonpressinButterworth.functionpushbutton9_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(6);[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');subplot(3,1,1)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;q=n*2*pi/N;X=fft(x,N);plot(q,abs(X));title('FFT')subplot(3,1,2)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);l=0:M-1;q=n*2*pi/N;y=x+0.05*cos(1.5*pi*l)';Y=fft(y,N);plot(q,abs(Y));title('FFT(withnoise)')%ButterworthFilterwp=0.25*pi;ws=0.35*pi;Rp=1;As=17;T=1;OmegaP=wp/T;OmegaS=ws/T;[cs,ds]=afd_butt(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As);[b,a]=imp_invr(cs,ds,T)[db,mag,pha,w]=freqz_m(b,a);subplot(3,1,3)y2=filter(b,a,y)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);q=n*2*pi/N;Y2=fft(y2,N);plot(q,abs(Y2));%---ExecutesonbuttonpressinChebyshev.functionpushbutton10_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)figure(7);[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');subplot(3,1,1)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;q=n*2*pi/N;X=fft(x,N);plot(q,abs(X));title('FFT')subplot(3,1,2)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);l=0:M-1;q=n*2*pi/N;y=x+0.05*cos(1.5*pi*l)';Y=fft(y,N);plot(q,abs(Y));title('FFT(withnoise)')%ChebyshevFilterwp=0.25*pi;ws=0.35*pi;Rp=1;As=17;T=1;OmegaP=(2/T)*tan(wp/2);OmegaS=(2/T)*tan(ws/2);ep=sqrt(10^(Rp/10)-1);Ripple=sqrt(1/(1+ep*ep));Attn=1/(10^(As/20));A1=1/Attn;a1=sqrt(A1*A1-1)/ep;a2=OmegaS/OmegaP;N=ceil(logm(a1+sqrt(a1*a1-1))/logm(a2+sqrt(a2*a2-1)));fprintf('\nChebyshevFilterOrder=%2.0f\n',N)[cs,ds]=u_chb1ap(N,Rp,OmegaP);[b,a]=bilinear(cs,ds,T)[db,mag,pha,w]=freqz_m(b,a);y2=filter(b,a,y)subplot(3,1,3)N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);l=0:M-1;q=n*2*pi/N;Y2=fft(y2,N);plot(q,abs(Y2));%---Executesonbuttonpressinshiyucanshujisuan.functionpushbutton14_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)[x,fs,nbits]=wavread('G:\design\qian1.wav');N=100;n=0:N-1;t=0.01*n;M=length(x);%duanshinenglianghanshua=0;y2=0;fori=20:50y=x(i);a=a+y2;y2=y^2;i=i+1;endE=ab=0;y3=0;fori=20:50y=x(i);y3=abs(y);b=b+y3;i=i+1;endM=bc=0;y4=0;yf=0;yl=0;sgnf=0;sgnl=0;fori=20:50yf=x(i);ifyf>=0sgnf=1;elsesgnf=0;end;yl=x(i-1);ifyl>=0sgnl=1;elsesgnl=0;end;y4=y4+abs(sgnf-sgnl);c=c+y4/2;i=i+1;endZ=cset(handles.edit1,'string',E);set(handles.edit2,'string',M);set(handles.edit3,'string',Z);functionedit1_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)functionedit1_CreateFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)ifispcset(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');elseset(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));endfunctionedit2_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)functionedit2_CreateFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)ifispcset(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');elseset(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));endfunctionedit3_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)functionedit3_CreateFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)ifispcset(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');elseset(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));end公式：%afd_butt.mfunction[b,a]=afd_butt(Wp,Ws,Rp,As)N=ceil((log10((10^(Rp/10)-1)/(10^(As/10)-1)))/(2*log10(Wp/Ws)));%上條語(yǔ)句為求濾波器階數(shù)：N為整數(shù)；%ceil朝正無(wú)窮大方向取整；fprintf('\nButterworthFilterOrder=%2.0f\n',N)OmegaC=Wp/((10^(Rp/10)-1)^(1/(2*N)))%求對(duì)應(yīng)于N的3db截止頻率；[b,a]=u_buttap(N,OmegaC);%freqz_m.mfunction[db,mag,pha,w]=freqz_m(b,a);[H,w]=freqz(b,a,1000,'whole');%在0-2*pi之間選取N個(gè)點(diǎn)計(jì)算頻率響應(yīng)H=(H(1:501))';%頻率響應(yīng)w=(w(1:501))';%頻率mag=abs(H);%響應(yīng)幅度db=20*log10((mag+eps)/max(mag));%增益pha=angle(H);%相位%imp_invr.mfunction[b,a]=imp_invr(c,d,T)[R,p,k]=residue(c,d);%部分分式展開(kāi)p=exp(p*T);%從模擬到數(shù)字極點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,部分分式系數(shù)相同[b,