IELTS閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析課件

SentenceAnalysis

雅思閱讀難句的特點(diǎn)1.句子冗長(zhǎng)，大多數(shù)句子由20個(gè)以上單詞組成，很多句子超過(guò)40個(gè)單詞2.結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，頻繁使用并列復(fù)合句、多重復(fù)合句等復(fù)雜句式3.大多是閱讀考試的出題點(diǎn)，在閱讀試題中常常有所涉及

句子的類型

簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentences)并列句/復(fù)合句(compoundsentences)復(fù)合復(fù)雜句(compoundcomplexsentences)復(fù)雜句（complexsentences）

只包含一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。E.g.:Weencourageourchildrentobecompetitive,togoahead,tomakemoney,andtoacquirepossessions.突破策略：找出主謂賓簡(jiǎn)單句(simplesentences)E.g.：1.Aworldriseinallergies,particularlyasthma,overthepastfourdecades,isnowsaidtobelinkedwithincreasedairpollution.定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)：n.+n.:theentertainmentindustry

adj.+n.:theunwarrantedcriticism后置定語(yǔ)：

n.+形容詞短語(yǔ)：abookusefulforyoun.+介詞短語(yǔ)：apenonthedeskn.+分詞短語(yǔ)：apersonwalkingontheroadatooldevelopedfortheprojectn.+不定式：awaytosolvetheproblemn.+從句：Thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivingortravelingtootherplaceshaveabroaderview.E.g.:1.

Automatedtechniquestomeasurethesecharacteristicsandverifyaperson’sidentityinfalliblyareattractingwidespreadattentioninthesedaysofincreaseduseofcreditcardsandE-mail.

狀語(yǔ)n.：Allthiscarefulplanninggoesalongwaytoensurethisadj.:Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.adv.:Outdooractivitiescangreatlyimproveourhealth.n.+分詞短語(yǔ):Hesatatthetablereadingabook.

Facedwithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethistaskontime.

不定式：Theyweredelightedtolearnofthearrivalofourteacher.從句：Whenpeoplebelievetheyareresistingchangethemselves,theycannotstoptheworldaroundthemforchanging.Eg:Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSPP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwater,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.(3)doing和todo做主語(yǔ)Eg.1.Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsintoasingleoutcome.2.Understandinghowthisobjectivemightbeachievedrequiresareviewoftheexistingtelecommunicationsnetworkandthenewtechnologiesthatareexpectedtoimproveandextenditscapacity.插入語(yǔ)對(duì)句子某個(gè)成分的解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，前后逗號(hào)與其他句子成分分開(kāi)，容易造成思路中斷,可以先跳過(guò)不讀。突破策略：先讀兩端，再讀中間。

E.g.：1.Tea,nowaneverydaybeverageinmanypartsoftheworld,hasoverthecenturiesbeenanimportantpartofritualsofhospitalitybothinthehomeandinthewidersociety.2.Over120yearsago,theEnglishbotanistJ.D.Hooker,writingofAustralianedibleplants,suggestedthatmanyofthemwere‘eatablebutnotwortheating’.包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞(and,or,but,for..)或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。E.g.:Weshouldhelpyoungchildrentosetuptheirgoalsoflives,andwealsohavetocultivatetheirabilityofindependentthinking.突破策略：將句子從并列連詞斷開(kāi)，抓住各個(gè)分句的主干。只要分別理解各個(gè)并列分句的意思，就能理解整個(gè)句子了。并列句/復(fù)合句(compoundsentences)E.g.:1.Governmenthasencouragedwastepapercollectionandsortingschemesandatthesametime,thepaperindustryhasrespondedbydevelopingnewrecyclingtechnologiesthathavepavedthewayforevengreaterutilizationofusedfiber.2.Governmentregulationslimittheoilcontentallowedtobedischarged,andtheproducedwateristreatedontheplatformstomeetthosespecifications.包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。E.g.:Noneoftheseachievements,however,wouldhavebeenpossiblewithouttheeffortsoftheearlypioneerswhodaredtobelievethatonedayman'sdreamtoflywouldbecomeareality.突破策略：分清主叢句（which,that,who,when,where),分別找出主句和叢句的主干加以理解（主要理解主句的意思）。復(fù)雜句（complexsentences）

各類從句

狀語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句：賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句

句子套句子（包含多個(gè)主句和多個(gè)從句）。E.g.:AlthoughMorsedidnotinventthetelegraphanddidnotsingle-handedcreateMorseCode,hemayhavebeentelegraphy’sgreatestpromoter,andundoubtedlycontributedtoitsrapiddevelopmentandadoptionthroughouttheworld,which,toalargeextent,bringconveniencetoandacceleratethespeedofcommunication.突破策略：找出連接詞，確定句子各層之間的關(guān)系。分清主從句（which,that,who,when,where),先抓住主句的主干，再抓住從句的主干（主要理解主句的意思），由表及里，層層深入。復(fù)合復(fù)雜句(compoundcomplexsentences)E.g.:1.NoisegeneratedbytrafficonarterialroadsandfreewaysisanincreasingprobleminAustraliaandtherearegrowingconcernsamonghighwaysauthoritiesinAustraliaaboutthelimitationsofsometypesofnoisebarrierswhichhavebeeninstalledinthiscountry.2.Sincebothrapidandlightrailhaveelectricengines,pollutionismeasurednotfromthemotorexhaust,butfromthepowerplantgeneratingelectricity,whichisusuallylocatedoutsidethecity,whereairqualityproblemsarelessserious.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)完全倒裝：1.

Therebe句型Therearemanyadvantagestohavingschoolexperienceatayoungage.2.表語(yǔ)位于句首Ofallimportanceistotakeactionsquickly.突破策略：還原自然語(yǔ)序倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)部分倒裝：1.句首有否定詞（否定副詞）或否定短語(yǔ)（否定連詞）的時(shí)候，句子要倒裝。（1）以notonly,notuntil等否定連詞開(kāi)頭的句子（2）以never,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,not,neither,nor,nomore,nowhere,nosooner…than,bynomeans,innocase,undernocircumstances等開(kāi)頭的句子2.only+狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)要倒裝。3.以so,as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句式，表示前述情況同樣適用另外一個(gè)人或事突破策略：還原自然語(yǔ)序HardlyhadwearrivedinShanghaiwhenitbegantosnow.NosoonerhadItakenabaththanthebellrang.NeverbeforehaveIheardsuchastory.

BynomeansdideveryonelearnEnglishwellenoughtonegotiateit.Onlythendidsherealizeshewaswrong.IcannotspeakFrench,norcanhe.E.g.:1.Inadispute,notonlydotheinterestsofonepartynotcoincidewiththoseoftheotherparty,buttheyareinconflict.2.Inatypicalexample,whenviewingphotographsoffood,hungrysubjectsexperienceamuchgreaterincreaseinpupildiameterthandostatedsubjects.在某些詞組的固定搭配下，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這些詞組通常由一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞加上一個(gè)介詞組成，如bringto,當(dāng)其表達(dá)為bringAtoB的時(shí)候，則有可能被倒裝成bringtoBA.類似的短語(yǔ)：throwover,insertinto,interfrom.E.g.:ThiswasbecausetheRTAhadpurchasedandremovedanumberofhousestoallowthenewcorridortobebuilt,exposingtoroadtrafficnoiseshouseswhichwereoncelocatedinaquietbackstreet.強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型：Itis…that…”……就是……”被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：ItwashewhovisitedtheIslandin1835.強(qiáng)