專題七-概要寫作課件

專題七概要寫作概要寫作實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)所給文章的簡(jiǎn)要概括。要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中，準(zhǔn)確地把握文章大意，弄清不同體裁的文章內(nèi)部之間的邏輯關(guān)系，提取文章要點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)概要寫作的寫作過(guò)程是建立在閱讀原材料基礎(chǔ)之上的，其寫作過(guò)程要根據(jù)閱讀時(shí)列出的提綱，清晰、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔地呈現(xiàn)原文的主旨。因此，概要寫作的關(guān)鍵是：

1.讀懂原文是關(guān)鍵在寫概要之前，一定要對(duì)文章認(rèn)真閱讀，確保理解文章的主旨、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、各段的段意。在閱讀文章的時(shí)候，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞和高頻詞。這些詞匯是概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)和核心。2.以自然段為概括的基礎(chǔ)以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括會(huì)幫助我們不遺漏信息，也能幫助判斷主要信息。當(dāng)然，以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括并不是說(shuō)一個(gè)自然段一定是一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。有時(shí)幾個(gè)自然段說(shuō)明一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。有時(shí)也有一個(gè)自然段包含數(shù)個(gè)要點(diǎn)。3.細(xì)節(jié)信息不需要過(guò)于詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)性的信息如列舉數(shù)字，舉例，過(guò)渡句等信息不必一一列出。4.核心詞不必替換核心詞是文章的心臟，一般不宜換成其他詞。5.寫作時(shí)句式多樣化概要寫作書面化程度比較高，因此可以酌情選擇使用從句、非謂語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過(guò)長(zhǎng)，也不要使用太過(guò)復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。6.使用多種句式轉(zhuǎn)換如：主動(dòng)被動(dòng)的互換，反向轉(zhuǎn)換(主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)互換)，從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換等。原題呈現(xiàn)(2018年11月·浙江高考)It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顧問(wèn))，anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.寫作指導(dǎo)?第一步審題1.審體裁：說(shuō)明文2.審人稱：第二人稱3.審時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)為主?第二步查找段落主題句和關(guān)鍵詞，了解段落大意第一段：主題句為第一句：It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply...關(guān)鍵詞：visitcollegesbeforeyouapply，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容就是列舉你要參觀所申請(qǐng)的大學(xué)的各種理由。第二段：主題句為第一句：There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.關(guān)鍵詞：visittheschoolsinyourlocalarea，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容就是解釋你為什么要近水樓臺(tái)先得月。第三段：主題句為第一句：Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.關(guān)鍵詞：findsometimetovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.接下來(lái)就是解釋，如果不未雨綢繆，到真正報(bào)考的時(shí)候就會(huì)麻煩不斷。第四段：主題句為第一句：Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.關(guān)鍵詞：checkouttheonlinecollegefairs。本段主要講述的是網(wǎng)上大學(xué)博覽會(huì)也是一種了解大學(xué)從而幫你做出明智選擇的有效工具。?第三步草擬要點(diǎn)并連接緊緊圍繞段落主題句和關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行要點(diǎn)提煉，然后把提煉后的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行匯總，最后再用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞加以連接，這樣文章概要就完成了。?第四步檢查謄寫【名師點(diǎn)津】概要寫作四項(xiàng)基本原則1.概要寫作時(shí)，一定不要使用第一人稱。2.概要寫作時(shí)，一定不可加入自己的觀點(diǎn)。3.概要寫作時(shí)，一定不可對(duì)原文內(nèi)容加以評(píng)論。4.概要寫作時(shí)，一定不要引入與原文內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)的信息?！究紙?chǎng)范文1】Itcanhelpyoumakearightdecisiontovisitthecollegethatyouaregoingtoattendbeforeyouapply.(要點(diǎn)1)Ifyouliveneartothecollege，youshouldfindachancetovisitittoreducemuchtroubleafterwards.(要點(diǎn)2)Ifyouhavenoenoughmoneyortimetogo，atleastyoushouldcommunicateonlinewiththosepeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththecollege.(要點(diǎn)3)本概要寫作對(duì)原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了高度概括，并運(yùn)用了三個(gè)復(fù)合句將文章濃縮成三個(gè)要點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái)，從而形成了要點(diǎn)突出、中心明確、忠實(shí)原文的好文章

。語(yǔ)言上的最大特色就是高級(jí)詞匯和句型的恰當(dāng)使用，如高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊communicatewith，befamiliarwith等；高級(jí)句型如要點(diǎn)1(it為形式主語(yǔ)，tovisit...為真正主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)。美中不足之處是兩個(gè)if條件句略顯表達(dá)單一，如果第二個(gè)if條件句用非謂語(yǔ)Havingno...來(lái)表達(dá)，語(yǔ)言會(huì)更優(yōu)美?！究紙?chǎng)范文2】Asasenioryearstudent，it’snecessarytovisitwould--becollegeswhereyouareclosetobeforeattendingthemforseeingisbelieving.(要點(diǎn)1)Youshouldfindachanceforapersonalvisitevenatyourwaitingincaseyoufeeldisappointedafterwards.(要點(diǎn)2)Iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，youareadvisedtochatonlinewiththosepeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththecampusindetailforyourrightdecision.(要點(diǎn)3)這篇概要寫作的作者很好地理解了文章大意，將文章第一、二段整合并概括成一個(gè)要點(diǎn)、第三段概括成一個(gè)要點(diǎn)、第四段概括成一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，從而使得文章要點(diǎn)齊全、中心突出。在遣詞造句方面，該范文也可圈可點(diǎn)，如：where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句、for引導(dǎo)并列復(fù)合句、incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句、if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，以及一些高級(jí)語(yǔ)塊seeingisbelieving，apersonalvisit，indetail等的運(yùn)用，不僅增強(qiáng)了文章的可讀性，而且突顯了作者高超的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。美中不足之處是Iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible為原文原句，有照抄原文之嫌，如果轉(zhuǎn)換成Withouttimeandmoney...，效果會(huì)更佳。在概要寫作中，哪些技能的運(yùn)用可以為文章增色，從而成為文章亮點(diǎn)呢？下面收集整理了部分提高概要寫作檔次的各種微技能，請(qǐng)細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)，熟記于心，多加運(yùn)用，定會(huì)讓你的文章脫穎而出。微技能一記敘文概要寫作模板1.點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus...(主題)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情節(jié))2.作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth，which...3.他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth...微技能二說(shuō)明文概要寫作模板1.現(xiàn)象解釋類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主題)，which...(補(bǔ)充解釋)2.利弊對(duì)比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB./Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...3.研究結(jié)論類：Thestudyrevealsthat.../Theresultshowsthat.../Itisconcludedthat...4.研究目的類：Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith.../Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...5.推薦建議類：Theauthorsuggests/considersthat.../Suggestionsaremadefor...微技能三議論文概要寫作模板1.Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn’t...(主題)...(補(bǔ)充論據(jù))2.Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsth...3.Theauthorarguesthat...微技能四常用的改變?cè)涞男〖记?.同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.→Ididn’tcatchanyfishbecauseIwasnotpatient.2.正反法Youwillfail.→Youwillnot

succeed.3.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceisof

great

importance.4.句式變換法(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)變換Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshouldbe

givenmorepraise.(2)簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.→Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore，which

will

help

them

learn

faster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.→When

given

more

praise，childrenwillachievemoresuccess.5.連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but，and，so，while，however，then，thus，yet，for，therefore，including，insteadof等。Weshouldencouragestudents.Weshouldnotscoldthem.→Weshouldencouragestudentsinstead

of

scolding

them.6.詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.→Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.7.細(xì)節(jié)省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.→Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.8.句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.→MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.微技能五靈活使用連詞，文章更連貫1.順接、遞進(jìn)：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what’smore，what’sworse，what’smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast2.轉(zhuǎn)折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while3.原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto4.結(jié)果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that5.總結(jié)：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking微技能六概要寫作常用詞語(yǔ)1.提出問(wèn)題(1)現(xiàn)象：moreandmore(anincreasingnumberof)people，someargue(believe)that，thereexist，phenomenon(issue，appearance)，occur(happen)，besetup(beestablished，befounded)，consistof(2)影響：playanimportantrolein，haveapositiveeffecton，domuchgoodto，doharm/damageto(harmfuleffects)，atrisk(indangerof)，influence，havetrouble(difficulty)doing(3)變化：start，setup，develop，change，grow(become)，vary，different，substitute...for，improve(4)作用：bemeant(used，intended)to，function(work)well，isapplied(application)(5)舉例：forexample，suchas，andsoon，some...，some...2.分析問(wèn)題(1)原因：as，becauseof(dueto)，theproblemsarecausedby，reasonswhy，accountfor，resultfrom，beconnected(associated)with(2)結(jié)果：asaresult，leadto(resultin，contributeto)，islikelytocause，therefore，consequence3.解決問(wèn)題(1)提倡：makesomesuggestions，should(aresupposedto)，itisvital/important/necessaryto，control，focuson，callonthepublicto...，advocatedoing，dealwith(2)避免：donot，however，itisnotagoodidea(notadvisable)to，paymuchattentionto，shouldbebanned(3)目的：tobebetterrecognized，todrawone’sattention，toreducetheproblemscausedby，toproducemoregoods(4)想法：believethat，pointoutthat，involve，stillinsistthat，beawareoftheimportance微技能七概要寫作增分的同義詞語(yǔ)替換概要寫作不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換。1.認(rèn)為，斷言：think，believe，argue，hold，state，claim，suppose，assume，personally，asforme，asfarasIamconcerned，formypart2.許多：alargenumberof，alargeamountof，aconsiderablenumberof，ahostof，dozensof，scoresof，amajorityof(大部分的)，aminorityof(小部分的)3.如今，目前：nowadays，atpresent，recently，currently，inrecentdecades4.越來(lái)越：increasing，growing5.重要，必要，關(guān)鍵，根本，意義重大：important，necessary，essential，vital，influential，principal，fundamental，elementary，significant，key，leading，major6.關(guān)注、重視、強(qiáng)調(diào)、優(yōu)先考慮、把……放首要位置：highlight，payattentionto，attract，raise...concern，callfor...concern，attachimportanceto，givepriorityto，layemphasis/stresson7.不予重視、忽視、低估：overlook，ignore，neglect，underestimate，secondaryinimportance8.贊成、支持：applaud，favor，advocate，infavorof，besidewith，inagreementwith，gofor9.反對(duì)：oppose，protest，frown(皺眉)，objectto，goagainst，disagreewith，opponent(反對(duì)者)10.常常：often，frequently，always11.熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、關(guān)注的問(wèn)題：aheatedtopic，aburningproblem，amatterofconcern，asubjectoffiercedebate12.歸因于，源自：attributeto，resultfrom，beassociatedwith，arisefrom，derivefrom，growfrom，asourceof13.因?yàn)椋捎冢篸ueto，thanksto，owingto，becauseof，beresponsiblefor14.導(dǎo)致，造成：contributeto，leadto，resultin，bringabout，create，giveriseto，cause，generate，promote15.往往，表趨勢(shì)：tendto，beinclinedto，haveatendencyto16.可能：may，perhaps，belikelyto，possibly，itisverylikelythat...，itispredictedthat...(預(yù)測(cè))17.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生：takeplace，occur，arise，bringabout，create，cause，emerge，turnout，workout18.證明，證實(shí)：confirm，prove，justify，verify19.偶爾：occasion