專題七-概要寫作課件

專題七概要寫作概要寫作實質(zhì)上是對所給文章的簡要概括。要求考生在閱讀過程中，準(zhǔn)確地把握文章大意，弄清不同體裁的文章內(nèi)部之間的邏輯關(guān)系，提取文章要點和關(guān)鍵詞語。英語概要寫作的寫作過程是建立在閱讀原材料基礎(chǔ)之上的，其寫作過程要根據(jù)閱讀時列出的提綱，清晰、準(zhǔn)確、簡潔地呈現(xiàn)原文的主旨。因此，概要寫作的關(guān)鍵是：

1.讀懂原文是關(guān)鍵在寫概要之前，一定要對文章認(rèn)真閱讀，確保理解文章的主旨、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、各段的段意。在閱讀文章的時候，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞和高頻詞。這些詞匯是概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)和核心。2.以自然段為概括的基礎(chǔ)以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括會幫助我們不遺漏信息，也能幫助判斷主要信息。當(dāng)然，以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括并不是說一個自然段一定是一個要點。有時幾個自然段說明一個要點。有時也有一個自然段包含數(shù)個要點。3.細(xì)節(jié)信息不需要過于詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)性的信息如列舉數(shù)字，舉例，過渡句等信息不必一一列出。4.核心詞不必替換核心詞是文章的心臟，一般不宜換成其他詞。5.寫作時句式多樣化概要寫作書面化程度比較高，因此可以酌情選擇使用從句、非謂語等結(jié)構(gòu)，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長，也不要使用太過復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。6.使用多種句式轉(zhuǎn)換如：主動被動的互換，反向轉(zhuǎn)換(主語和賓語互換)，從句和非謂語動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換等。原題呈現(xiàn)(2018年11月·浙江高考)It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顧問)，anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.寫作指導(dǎo)?第一步審題1.審體裁：說明文2.審人稱：第二人稱3.審時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時為主?第二步查找段落主題句和關(guān)鍵詞，了解段落大意第一段：主題句為第一句：It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply...關(guān)鍵詞：visitcollegesbeforeyouapply，接下來的內(nèi)容就是列舉你要參觀所申請的大學(xué)的各種理由。第二段：主題句為第一句：There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.關(guān)鍵詞：visittheschoolsinyourlocalarea，接下來的內(nèi)容就是解釋你為什么要近水樓臺先得月。第三段：主題句為第一句：Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.關(guān)鍵詞：findsometimetovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.接下來就是解釋，如果不未雨綢繆，到真正報考的時候就會麻煩不斷。第四段：主題句為第一句：Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.關(guān)鍵詞：checkouttheonlinecollegefairs。本段主要講述的是網(wǎng)上大學(xué)博覽會也是一種了解大學(xué)從而幫你做出明智選擇的有效工具。?第三步草擬要點并連接緊緊圍繞段落主題句和關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行要點提煉，然后把提煉后的要點進(jìn)行匯總，最后再用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞加以連接，這樣文章概要就完成了。?第四步檢查謄寫【名師點津】概要寫作四項基本原則1.概要寫作時，一定不要使用第一人稱。2.概要寫作時，一定不可加入自己的觀點。3.概要寫作時，一定不可對原文內(nèi)容加以評論。4.概要寫作時，一定不要引入與原文內(nèi)容無關(guān)的信息。【考場范文1】Itcanhelpyoumakearightdecisiontovisitthecollegethatyouaregoingtoattendbeforeyouapply.(要點1)Ifyouliveneartothecollege，youshouldfindachancetovisitittoreducemuchtroubleafterwards.(要點2)Ifyouhavenoenoughmoneyortimetogo，atleastyoushouldcommunicateonlinewiththosepeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththecollege.(要點3)本概要寫作對原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了高度概括，并運用了三個復(fù)合句將文章濃縮成三個要點表達(dá)出來，從而形成了要點突出、中心明確、忠實原文的好文章

。語言上的最大特色就是高級詞匯和句型的恰當(dāng)使用，如高級語塊communicatewith，befamiliarwith等；高級句型如要點1(it為形式主語，tovisit...為真正主語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句；before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)。美中不足之處是兩個if條件句略顯表達(dá)單一，如果第二個if條件句用非謂語Havingno...來表達(dá)，語言會更優(yōu)美?！究紙龇段?】Asasenioryearstudent，it’snecessarytovisitwould--becollegeswhereyouareclosetobeforeattendingthemforseeingisbelieving.(要點1)Youshouldfindachanceforapersonalvisitevenatyourwaitingincaseyoufeeldisappointedafterwards.(要點2)Iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，youareadvisedtochatonlinewiththosepeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththecampusindetailforyourrightdecision.(要點3)這篇概要寫作的作者很好地理解了文章大意，將文章第一、二段整合并概括成一個要點、第三段概括成一個要點、第四段概括成一個要點，從而使得文章要點齊全、中心突出。在遣詞造句方面，該范文也可圈可點，如：where引導(dǎo)定語從句、for引導(dǎo)并列復(fù)合句、incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句、if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，以及一些高級語塊seeingisbelieving，apersonalvisit，indetail等的運用，不僅增強了文章的可讀性，而且突顯了作者高超的語言表達(dá)能力。美中不足之處是Iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible為原文原句，有照抄原文之嫌，如果轉(zhuǎn)換成Withouttimeandmoney...，效果會更佳。在概要寫作中，哪些技能的運用可以為文章增色，從而成為文章亮點呢？下面收集整理了部分提高概要寫作檔次的各種微技能，請細(xì)細(xì)體會，熟記于心，多加運用，定會讓你的文章脫穎而出。微技能一記敘文概要寫作模板1.點明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus...(主題)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情節(jié))2.作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth，which...3.他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth...微技能二說明文概要寫作模板1.現(xiàn)象解釋類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主題)，which...(補充解釋)2.利弊對比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB./Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...3.研究結(jié)論類：Thestudyrevealsthat.../Theresultshowsthat.../Itisconcludedthat...4.研究目的類：Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith.../Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...5.推薦建議類：Theauthorsuggests/considersthat.../Suggestionsaremadefor...微技能三議論文概要寫作模板1.Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn’t...(主題)...(補充論據(jù))2.Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsth...3.Theauthorarguesthat...微技能四常用的改變原句的小技巧1.同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.→Ididn’tcatchanyfishbecauseIwasnotpatient.2.正反法Youwillfail.→Youwillnot

succeed.3.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceisof

great

importance.4.句式變換法(1)語態(tài)變換Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshouldbe

givenmorepraise.(2)簡單句變復(fù)合句Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.→Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore，which

will

help

them

learn

faster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.→When

given

more

praise，childrenwillachievemoresuccess.5.連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but，and，so，while，however，then，thus，yet，for，therefore，including，insteadof等。Weshouldencouragestudents.Weshouldnotscoldthem.→Weshouldencouragestudentsinstead

of

scolding

them.6.詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.→Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.7.細(xì)節(jié)省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.→Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.8.句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.→MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.微技能五靈活使用連詞，文章更連貫1.順接、遞進(jìn)：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what’smore，what’sworse，what’smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast2.轉(zhuǎn)折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while3.原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto4.結(jié)果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that5.總結(jié)：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking微技能六概要寫作常用詞語1.提出問題(1)現(xiàn)象：moreandmore(anincreasingnumberof)people，someargue(believe)that，thereexist，phenomenon(issue，appearance)，occur(happen)，besetup(beestablished，befounded)，consistof(2)影響：playanimportantrolein，haveapositiveeffecton，domuchgoodto，doharm/damageto(harmfuleffects)，atrisk(indangerof)，influence，havetrouble(difficulty)doing(3)變化：start，setup，develop，change，grow(become)，vary，different，substitute...for，improve(4)作用：bemeant(used，intended)to，function(work)well，isapplied(application)(5)舉例：forexample，suchas，andsoon，some...，some...2.分析問題(1)原因：as，becauseof(dueto)，theproblemsarecausedby，reasonswhy，accountfor，resultfrom，beconnected(associated)with(2)結(jié)果：asaresult，leadto(resultin，contributeto)，islikelytocause，therefore，consequence3.解決問題(1)提倡：makesomesuggestions，should(aresupposedto)，itisvital/important/necessaryto，control，focuson，callonthepublicto...，advocatedoing，dealwith(2)避免：donot，however，itisnotagoodidea(notadvisable)to，paymuchattentionto，shouldbebanned(3)目的：tobebetterrecognized，todrawone’sattention，toreducetheproblemscausedby，toproducemoregoods(4)想法：believethat，pointoutthat，involve，stillinsistthat，beawareoftheimportance微技能七概要寫作增分的同義詞語替換概要寫作不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換。1.認(rèn)為，斷言：think，believe，argue，hold，state，claim，suppose，assume，personally，asforme，asfarasIamconcerned，formypart2.許多：alargenumberof，alargeamountof，aconsiderablenumberof，ahostof，dozensof，scoresof，amajorityof(大部分的)，aminorityof(小部分的)3.如今，目前：nowadays，atpresent，recently，currently，inrecentdecades4.越來越：increasing，growing5.重要，必要，關(guān)鍵，根本，意義重大：important，necessary，essential，vital，influential，principal，fundamental，elementary，significant，key，leading，major6.關(guān)注、重視、強調(diào)、優(yōu)先考慮、把……放首要位置：highlight，payattentionto，attract，raise...concern，callfor...concern，attachimportanceto，givepriorityto，layemphasis/stresson7.不予重視、忽視、低估：overlook，ignore，neglect，underestimate，secondaryinimportance8.贊成、支持：applaud，favor，advocate，infavorof，besidewith，inagreementwith，gofor9.反對：oppose，protest，frown(皺眉)，objectto，goagainst，disagreewith，opponent(反對者)10.常常：often，frequently，always11.熱點問題、關(guān)注的問題：aheatedtopic，aburningproblem，amatterofconcern，asubjectoffiercedebate12.歸因于，源自：attributeto，resultfrom，beassociatedwith，arisefrom，derivefrom，growfrom，asourceof13.因為，由于：dueto，thanksto，owingto，becauseof，beresponsiblefor14.導(dǎo)致，造成：contributeto，leadto，resultin，bringabout，create，giveriseto，cause，generate，promote15.往往，表趨勢：tendto，beinclinedto，haveatendencyto16.可能：may，perhaps，belikelyto，possibly，itisverylikelythat...，itispredictedthat...(預(yù)測)17.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生：takeplace，occur，arise，bringabout，create，cause，emerge，turnout，workout18.證明，證實：confirm，prove，justify，verify19.偶爾：occasion