初中英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum Section A 教學(xué)課件 1

HaveYouEverbeentoanAmusementPark?DisneylandHaveyoueverbeentoDisneyland?

MostofushaveprobablyheardofMickeyMouse,DonaldDuck,andmanyotherfamousDisneycharacters.Perhaps

wehaveevenseentheminmovies.ButhaveyoueverbeentoDisneyland?Infact,therearenowseveraldifferentDisneylandamusementparksaroundtheworld.Disneylandisanamusementpark,butwecanalsocallitathemepark.Ithasallthenormalattractionsthatyoucanfindatanamusementpark,butitalsohasatheme.Thetheme,ofcourse,isDisneymoviesandDisneycharacters.Forexample,youcanfindarollercoasterinmostamusementparks,butinDisneyland,therollercoasteristhemedwithDisneycharacters.

在這個(gè)樂園里你可以見到游樂園都有的有吸引力的形象，然而它是有主題的．v.聽說，聽到也許我們?cè)陔娪爸幸姷竭^他們．若干主題普通的，正常的有吸引力的人或事過山車以…為主題人物,角色ThismeansthatyoucanfindDisneycharactersallovertherollercoaster.YoucanalsowatchDisneymovies,eatinDisneyrestaurants,andbuyDisneygifts.AndyoucanseeDisneycharacterswalkingaroundDisneylandallthetime!HaveyoueverheardofaDisneyCruise?ThesearehugeboatsthatalsohavetheDisneytheme.Youcantakearideontheboatforseveraldays,andyoucansleepandeatonboard.Therearealsomanyattractionsonboard,justlikeanyotherDisneyland.Youcanshop,gotoDisneyparties,andeatdinnerwithMickeyMouse!Theboatstakedifferentroutes,buttheyallendupinthesameplace.ThatisDisney’sownisland.ItisjustsomuchfuninDisneyland!這就意味著你會(huì)在過山車上發(fā)現(xiàn)都是迪斯尼知名人物．seesb.doingsth.看見某人正在做某事你可以在船上游覽幾天，可以在船上睡覺、吃飯。巡游,游船在船上,在甲板上路線,航線結(jié)束于,終止于島嶼1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.I

havelost

mywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)

Janehasjusthad

it.(含義是:簡(jiǎn)現(xiàn)在不餓了.)

Michaelhasbeen

ill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)

Hehasreturned

fromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(同第2點(diǎn)用法第一個(gè)例句)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成”和“未完成”用法7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehad

fourtexts

thissemester.have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語是瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以說：Hehas

keptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表示時(shí)間段的詞語進(jìn)行互換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動(dòng)詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：

①原形+ed

如：worked,

passed

②詞尾是e時(shí)，直接加d

如：liked

lived

③若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時(shí)，直接加d；如:

played

stayed

studied

cried

④末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加ed.如：

stopped

dropped動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式以及過去分詞

巧記規(guī)律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動(dòng)詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)ABC原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1、構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞。2、概念：(1)表示過去或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在成的影響或結(jié)果。常與下列狀語連用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

a.for和表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou.____________________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephonering