2022年暑假新高三暑假提能英語(yǔ)題型(閱讀理解完形填空語(yǔ)法填空)Day 09(解析版)

2022年暑假新高三英語(yǔ)題型專(zhuān)練（通用版）09

閱讀理解+完形填空+語(yǔ)法填空

一、閱讀理解

1

Societyhascertainstandardsforbeauty.ButRomanianphotographerMihaelaNoroc,whospentnearlyfour

yearsshootingportraitsofwomenfromaroundtheworld,ischallengingthesestandards.

Shebelievesthatbeautycantakeonmanyfbnns.''Beautyjustmeansbeingyourself/'NoroctoldNPR.K"I

don'tthinkwehavetochangeourselvestobeinacertainway;Ithinkwejusthavetokeepourselvesasweare

anddon'tnecessarilyneedtochange.^^

InspiredbyatriptoAfricain2013,Norochastraveledtomorethan50countriesandregionssincethen.In

2017,shecompiledabookcalledTheAtlasofBeauty:WomenoftheWorldin500Portraitstoshowhowmany

differentkindsofbeautythereareintheworld.Aneweditionofherbookhasrecentlycausedheateddiscussion

onsocialmedia.

FromastrugglingRussiandancertoatalkativecafeownerinNewYork,Noroc'ssubjectsengagedherin

deepconversation.Norocfoundoutwhatmovesthem,whattheirdailystrugglesandjoysare,andwhatbrings

beautyintotheirownlives.44NomatterwhereIgo,it'sthewomenthatcarryallthecultureandtraditionsofa

place.Ireallytrytofocusonwomen'sstories,howtheyfacechallengesandovercomethem,“NoroctoldCNN.

HerencounterwithAla,astudentataselfdefenseschoolinJordancalled“SheFighter;?leftalasting

impressiononher.Alaraisesherclenchedfistsasshelooksintothecamerawhileherfaceiscoveredbyawhite

hijab.NorocdescribesSheFighteras“thefirstself-defenseschoolforwomenintheArabworld,“andwrites,

discoveredanamazinginitiativeandasplendidsisterhood.^^

InIran,NorocmetNorocmetFamoush,awomanwholivesintwoworlds“Inonesheisaneconomist,by

profession.Intheother,sheisanartist,becausethisisherpassion/1ForNoroc,"thewomen'sbeautyliesinhow

naturalandcomfortabletheyappearwhilejustbeingthemselves.

1.WhatdoesNorocthinkofbeauty?

A.Beautystandardsaretobeobeyed.

B.Beautymeansacceptingwhoyouare.

C.Beautyisvaluinglifeandlovingothers.

D.Beautyrequirespeopletochangebravely.

2.WhywasNorocimpressedbySheFighter?

A.Itencouragedwomentofightfortheirownrights.

B.It'sthefirstfemaleschoolintheArabworld.

C.Itshowedstrongunityandinitiative.

D.Itsmemberswereverygoodatfighting.

3.Theauthorwrotethearticlemainlyto.

A.recommendthebookTheAtlasofBeauty

B.introducesomewomenwithtruebeauty

C.shareNoroc9stravelingexperiencesaroundtheworld

D.showhowNorocchallengedtraditionalstandardsofbeauty

【答案與解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了攝影師Noroc關(guān)于美的定義的描述。在她看來(lái)，美在于

接受自己，認(rèn)可自己，即當(dāng)你做你自己的時(shí)候，美麗就會(huì)閃耀出來(lái)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Beautyjustmeansbeingyourself(美就是做你自己)”可知,在她看來(lái),美的

意義就是接受自己，認(rèn)可自己。選項(xiàng)B與文意相符，故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“NorocdescribesSheFighteras“thefirstself-defenseschoolforwomenin

theArabworld,“andwrites,discoveredanamazinginitiativeandasplendidsisterhood.”(Noroc將她描述為

“阿拉伯世界第一所女子自衛(wèi)學(xué)?！安?xiě)道“我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種令人驚異的主動(dòng)精神，和一種出色的姐妹情誼

可知，在Noroc眼里，這個(gè)給自己留下印象的女子自衛(wèi)學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出了一種主動(dòng)精神及姐妹間的團(tuán)結(jié)關(guān)系，

選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Societyhascertainstandardsforbeauty.ButRomanianphotographerMihaela

Noroc,whospentnearlyfouryearsshootingportraitsofwomenfromaroundtheworld,ischallengingthese

standards.(社會(huì)對(duì)美有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但羅馬尼亞攝影師MihaelaNoroc,花了近四年時(shí)間為世界各地的女性

拍攝肖像，正在挑戰(zhàn)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”及第二段中講述的Noroc對(duì)美的定義，進(jìn)而結(jié)合下文提及Noroc寫(xiě)的書(shū)

中對(duì)于世界上女性的美的描述，可知，本文的寫(xiě)作目的為展示了Noroc如何挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故選D。

2

ASpanishricedish;secretodecerdowithpisto-IbericoPorkwithtomatoes,onions,eggplant,andpeppers;

andchickenandmushroompaella,willbeservedaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)throughoutthenext

week.

That,atleast,iswhatfouroftheelevencrewmembersaboardtheISSwillbeeating,afteraSpaceXFalcon9

rocketliftsoffonApril8,2022fromCapeCanaveral,Florida,carryingtheCrewDragonspacecraft.Theflight,

sponsoredbytheHouston-basedcompanyAxiomSpaceandknownasAx-1,iscommandedbyAxiomvice

presidentandformerastronautMichaelLopez-Alegria.Alsoonboardarethreebusinessownersandcharitarians:

AmericanLarryConnor,CanadianMarkPathy,andIsraeliEytanStibbe-eachofwhompaidanestimated$55

millionperseatfortheir20-hourjourneytothestationandtheeightdaystheywillspendaboard.

Actually,theyarenotthefirstspacetouriststotheISS—elevenintotaloverthepasttwodecades;andallof

themwereadventurerswhopaidtoflyaboardcrewedbyprofessionalastronauts.AX-1isthefirstfullyprivate

missiontothestation-butnotthelast.

Inapre-launchpressconference,Connorsaid,"We'vespentanywherefrom750toover1,000hourstraining.

We'regoingtodosome25differentexperimentscoveringover100hoursofresearch.Onesuchexperimentwill

involveabrainheadsetthatwillconductreal-timeelectroencephalograms(EEGs)ofthecrewastheyflyand

experimentsoninvitrostemcells.

Therewillalsobetimeforamovingremembrance.Stibbe,thesecondIsraelitoflyinspace,oncepiloted

militaryjetsunderthecommandofIlanRamon,thefirstIsraeliastronaut,whodiedinthe2003disintegrationof

thespaceshuttleColumbia.SeveralpagesfromRamon'sdiarysurvivedthecrashandStibbewillcarrytheminto

thespace.

Spaceisahardbusiness,adangerousbusiness,andanexpensivebusiness.Butit'salsoanemotionalone.

“Ramonwasagoodfriend,Stibbeaddedrespectfully,uHewasmycommander.”

4.Whydoestheauthorshowthedishesatthebeginning?

A.Topresentthewholemenuinthespacemission.

B.Toattractreaders9interestandintroducethetopic.

C.ToshowtheenjoymentofthecrewmembersduringtheHight.

D.Tohighlightthewealthandsocialstatusofthecrewmembers.

5.What'sthemainpurposeofthemission?

A.TomaintaintheISS.B.Toprovidespacetravel.

C.Tohelppeoplesettleinspace.D.TosendSpanishfoodtospace.

6.HowdoesConnorthinkaboutthemissionbeforeheflies?

A.Fully-preparedandsignificant.B.Expensivebutworthwhile.

C.Difficultanddangerous.D.Adventurousandchallenging

7.WhydoesStibbewanttobringRamon'sdiaryintothespace?

A.Becausehewantstocontinuewritingthediary.

B.BecausehecanuseRamon'sdiaryasinstructions.

C.BecauseheoncepilotedmilitaryjetsunderRamon'scommand.

D.BecausehewantstoshowrespectforRamoninthisway.

【答案與解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是4月8號(hào)名為AX-1從美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州發(fā)射，通往國(guó)際

空間站的首次“全私人”形式的太空旅行飛行任務(wù)。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合第一段的“ASpanishricedish;secretodecerdowithpisto—IbericoPorkwithtomatoes,

onions,eggplant,andpeppers;andchickenandmushroompaella,willbeservedaboardtheInternationalSpace

Station（ISS）throughoutthenextweek.（西班牙菜:一種西班牙米飯；pisto-Iberico豬肉配番茄、洋蔥、茄子和

辣椒；以及雞肉蘑菇海鮮飯，將于下周在國(guó)際空間站提供。）”和第二段的“That,atleast,iswhatfourofthe

elevencrewmembersaboardtheISSwillbeeating,afteraSpaceXFalcon9rocketliftsoffonApril8,2022from

CapeCanaveral,Florida,caiTyingtheCrewDragonspacecraft在太空探索技術(shù)公司的獵鷹9號(hào)火箭于2022年

4月8日攜帶CrewDragon飛船從佛羅里達(dá)州卡納維拉爾角發(fā)射升空后，國(guó)際空間站上的II名宇航員中至

少有4人將吃到這種食物。丁，作者介紹這些食物的目的就是為了引出這一特殊太空旅行的話(huà)題，吸引讀

者。故選BO

5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合第二段的"Alsoonboardarethreebusinessownersandcharitarians:AmericanLarry

Connor,CanadianMarkPathy,andIsraeliEytanStibbe-eachofwhomwhopaidanestimated$55millionper

seatfortheir20-hourjourneytothestationandtheeightdaystheywillspendaboard.（飛機(jī)上還有三名企業(yè)主和

慈善家:美國(guó)人LarryConnor,加拿大人MarkPathy和以色列人Eylanstibbe,他們每個(gè)人都為每個(gè)座位支

付了大約5500萬(wàn)美元，為他們20個(gè)小時(shí)的旅程和他們將在空間站度過(guò)的8天支付了費(fèi)用。廣和第三段的

“Actually,theyarenotthefirstspacetouriststotheISS——elevenintotaloverthepasttwodecades（事實(shí)上，他彳門(mén)

并不是過(guò)去20年里第一批前往ISS-II的太空游客戶(hù)，可判斷這次任務(wù)的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故選

Bo

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第4段"We'vespentanywherefrom750toover1,000hourstraining.We'regoingtodo

some25differentexperimentscoveringover100hoursofresearch.（我們的訓(xùn)練時(shí)間從750小時(shí)到1000小時(shí)不

等。我們將做25個(gè)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)，涉及100多個(gè)小時(shí)的研究。戶(hù)可知，“Connor”認(rèn)為這次飛行做好了充分準(zhǔn)

備，并具備研究意義。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Ramon,thefirstIsraeliastronaut,whodiedinthe2003disintegrationofthe

spaceshuttleColumbia.SeveralpagesfromRamon'sdiarysurvivedthecrashandStibbewillcarrythemintothe

space.（他是第一位以色列宇航員，2003年死于哥倫比亞號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的解體。雷蒙的幾頁(yè)I卜記在墜機(jī)中幸存

下來(lái)，斯蒂貝將帶著它們進(jìn)入太空。戶(hù)可知，Stibbe想斯蒂貝想把雷蒙的日記帶進(jìn)太空來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)雷蒙的尊

重。故選D。

3

TreesintheAmazonrainforestmaysoondieoff,researcherswarn.Accordingtoanewstudy,thefamous

forestisexhibitingsignsofpoorhealththatcouldmeanlargeportionsofitwillbecomesavannahinthenear

future.

“TheAmazonisacustodian（監(jiān)護(hù)人）ofbiodiversityandpossessesavitalabilitytopullincarbondioxide

fromtheatmosphere,soitisclearlyworryingthatitshealthisdeteriorating,RichardAllan,aclimatescientist,

saysinastatementtotheScienceMediaCentre（SMC）.

Tomeasurethemassiveforest'sresilience（復(fù)原力），researchersanalyzedsatellitedatatodeterminethe

biomassandgreennessoftheforestfrom1991-2006,lookingformonth-to-monthchangesinresponsetoweather

conditions.Morethanthreequartersoftheforestexhibitedhasreducedresiliencesince2000,withtreestaking

longertorecoverfromstresseslikedroughtsandfires.Themostobviousresiliencelossoccurredinareaswith

lessrainfallandthosegeographicallynearertohumanactivity,theresearchersreport.

Thepaper'sconclusionissimilartothatofpreviousmodelingstudies,butexpertssaythenewstudyis

strongerbecauseit'sbasedonreal-worlddata.ChantelleBurton,aclimatescientist,tellstheSMC."Whatthis

studydoesisoffersomeobservational-basedevidenceforwhatisalreadyhappeningtothissignificantcarbon

sink,andshowsthathumanlanduseandchangestoweatherandclimatepatternsarealreadydrivinganimportant

changeinthesystem.^^

“Passingatippingpointofthiskindwouldmakeitevenmoredifficulttoachieveourgoalofzeroemissions

globallybecauseofthelossofthe"freeservice,providedbytheAmazoncarbonsinkwhichcurrentlyremoves

someofouremissions,vChantelleBurtonadds.

8.WhatdoesthenewstudyrevealabouttheAmazonrainforest?

A.Itstreeshavealmostdisappeared.

B.Itsresilienceisbecomingweaker.

C.Itsbiodiversitykeepsincreasing.

D.ItsabilitytostoreCO2islost.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorating''inparagraph2mean?

A.Recovering.B.Resisting.C.Declining.D.Maintaining.

10.Howwasthenewstudycarriedout?

A.Byusingexistingdatafromsatellites.B.Bybasingpredictiononmodels.

C.Bymonitoringweatherconditions.D.Byreviewingpreviousstudies.

11.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Toreporttheclimatechange.

C.TointroducetheAmazonrainforest.D.Toattractpeople'sattentiontoprotectingforests.

【答案與解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了亞馬孫森林逐漸喪失自我修復(fù)能力并有消失的可能性。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Accordingtoanewstudy,thefamousforestisexhibitingsignsofpoorhealththat

couldmeanlargeportionsofitwillbecomesavannahinthenearfuture.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，這片著名的森林顯

示出健康狀況不佳的跡象，這可能意味著它的大部分將在不久的將來(lái)變成大草原。戶(hù)以及根據(jù)第三段“More

thanthreequartersoftheforestexhibitedhasreducedresiliencesince2000,withtreestakinglongertorecover

fromstresseslikedroughtsandfires.ThemostobviousresiliencelossoccuiTedinareaswithlessrainfalland

thosegeographicallynearertohumanactivity,theresearchersreport."（自2000年以來(lái)，超過(guò)四分之三的森林

恢復(fù)能力下降，樹(shù)木需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能從干旱和火災(zāi)等壓力中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō)，最明顯的恢復(fù)

力損失發(fā)生在降雨量較少和地理上更接近人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的地區(qū)。）可知，亞馬孫森林的自我修復(fù)能力在變?nèi)酢?/p>

故選B項(xiàng)。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“TheAmazonisacustodianofbiodiversityandpossessesavitalabilitytopullin

carbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,soitisclearlyworryingthatitshealthisdeteriorating,（亞馬孫是生物多樣

性的監(jiān)護(hù)者，擁有從大氣中吸收二氧化碳的重耍能力，因此其健康狀況delerioraling顯然是令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的。廠

可知，令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是亞馬孫森林的健康狀況退化，推測(cè)劃線(xiàn)單詞表示“退化"，與declining同義。故選C項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Tomeasurethemassiveforest'sresilience,researchersanalyzedsatellitedatato

determinethebiomassandgreennessoftheforestfrom1991-2006,lookingformonth-to-monthchangesin

responsetoweatherconditions4為了衡量這片大片森林的恢復(fù)力，研究人員分析了衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，以確定

199L2006年期間森林的生物量和綠色度，尋找隨天氣條件逐月變化的情況。y可知，這項(xiàng)新研究使用了

現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TreesintheAmazonrainforestmaysoondieoff,researcherswarn.（研究人員警告

說(shuō)，亞馬遜雨林中的樹(shù)木可能很快就會(huì)死亡。）”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了亞馬孫森林逐漸喪失

自我修復(fù)能力并有消失的可能性，文章寫(xiě)作的目的是吸引人們的注意去保護(hù)森林。故選D項(xiàng)。

4

ExperiencetheColoradoRivertheHualapaiWay!

RiverRunnersOfferstheONLYOneDayWhite-waterTripANYWHEREattheGRANDCANYON!

Since1973,HualapaiRiverRunnershasbeenconductingwhite-waterraftingjourneysontheColoradoRiver.

OurexperiencedguidesexpertlysailalongtheriverandsharethehistoryoftheCanyonandtheHualapaipeople

withyou.

Visitorsexperiencetheexcitementofwhitewaterrapidsandthenstoptoenjoytheimpressivebeautyof

TravertineFallsandatastylunch.Nochargeforchildren2yearsandunder.

One-DayTrip

Retail$249.00+$79.00（helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation）

White-waterraftingtoursbegininPeachSprings.HualapaiRiverRunnerstransportsyoutoDiamondCreek,

whichisthestartingpointforthe37mileraftingtour.Lunchisincludedanduponarrivalattheraftingtour

terminationpoint（終點(diǎn)），flyoutoftheGrandCanyonbyhelicoptertoGrandCanyonWest.

Two-DayTrip

Retail$549.00+$79.0（helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation）

Two-dayraftingtripswithonenightontheColoradoRiver.Allsuppliesandmealsareincluded.Twodaysin

theGrandCanyon,ontheColoradoRiver,allowsmoretimetoexploreoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.

ToursInclude:

?Round-triptransportationfromPeachSpringstothestartingpointandfromtheterminationpointsbackto

PeachSprings.

?Snack,drinksandlunch（vegetarianmealsavailableuponrequest）.

?Waterproofdrybagsfbrstoringyourcameras,sunscreen,dryclothes,etc.

Thehelicopterpartoftransportationisweatherpermitting.Ifthehelicoptertransportationiscancelled

becauseofbadweather,theraftwillcontinueanadditionaltwohourstoSouthCoveandamaximum$20.00per

customerwillbegivenback.

Specialwebsitebookingrate15%offraftinginJune2011.Sobooknow!CallusTollFreeToday!Tel:

1-888-868-9378

12.Wheredowhite-waterraftingtoursstart?

A.TravertineFalls.B.DiamondCreek.

C.TheGrandCanyon.D.GrandCanyonWest.

13.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat.

A.theguidescanhelpyoulearnsailing

B.thecostincludessnack,drinksandlunch

C.theGrandCanyoniswell-knownforitshistory

D.thehelicoptertransportationcansaveyouthreehours'time

14.Whichofthefollowingisavailablewhenthehelicoptertransportationiscancelled?

A.Theraft.B.Thetrain.C.Theboat.D.Thebus.

15.Whatdoweknowaboutthetrip?

A.Thetripisnotfitforchildrenunder2.

B.HualapaiRiverRunnersprovidesdryclothes.

C.Youwillget20dollarsbackifyouaredissatisfied.

D.Onlinebookinghasabetterofferduringcertaintimeoftheyear.

【答案與解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文是一個(gè)關(guān)于旅游景點(diǎn)GRANDCANYON的廣告，介紹了旅行的時(shí)

間、地點(diǎn)、行程、價(jià)錢(qián)等內(nèi)容.旨在吸引游客報(bào)名參加這次旅行.

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由One-DayTrip中的“White-waterraftingtoursbegininPeachSprings.HualapaiRiver

RunnerstransportsyoutoDiamondCreek,whichisthestartingpointforthe37mileraftingtour.（白水漂流游從

桃泉開(kāi)始。HualapaiRiverRunners將您運(yùn)送到DiamondCreek,這里是37英里漂流之旅的起點(diǎn)）”可知，游

客的白水漂流游從DiamondCreek開(kāi)始。故選B項(xiàng)。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由ToursInclude:中的"?Snack,drinksandlunch（vegetarianmealsavailableuponrequest）.（?

零食、飲料和午餐（可根據(jù)要求提供素食））”可知，旅游費(fèi)用包括零食、飲料和午餐。故選B項(xiàng)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由ToursInclude:中的“Ifthehelicoptertransportationiscancelledbecauseofbadweather,the

raftwillcontinueanadditionaltwohourstoSouthCoveandamaximum$20.00percustomerwillbegivenback.

（如果直升機(jī)運(yùn)輸因惡劣天氣而取消，木筏將繼續(xù)漂流兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)南灣，每位客戶(hù)最多可獲得20美元的

退款）”可知，直升機(jī)運(yùn)輸取消時(shí)，可用木筏。故選A項(xiàng)。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題°由最后一段中的"Specialwebsitebookingrate15%offraftinginJune2011.（2011年6月，

特別網(wǎng)站漂流預(yù)訂價(jià)格八五折）”可知，在一年中的特定時(shí)間在線(xiàn)預(yù)訂會(huì)有折扣（更低的價(jià)格）。故選D項(xiàng)。

5

Alittlekidislookingatanewpicturebook.Suddenlyitpointstoapictureandshouts"chair".Thekidmakes

therightcall,butthatdoesnotseemparticularlyinterestingtous.Werecognizeallkindsofchairsas"chair”

withoutanydifficulty.Forakid,however,thisisahugelearningprocess.Itmustassociatethechairpicturedin

thebookwiththechairsitalreadyknows-eventhoughtheymayhavedifferentshapesorcolors.Howdoesthe

childdothat?

Theansweriscategorization.Everytimeachildmeetsachair,itstorestheexperience.Basedonsimilarities

betweenthechairs,thechild'sbrainwillabstractthecharacteristicsandfunctionsofchairsbyformingthe

category“chair”.Thisallowsthechildtolaterquicklylinknewchairstothecategoryandtheknowledgeit

contains.

Ourbraincategorizescontinuously."Withoutcategorization,wewouldnotbeabletointeractwithour

environmentasefficientlyaswedo,"PieterGoltstein,aseniorprofessorsays.Inotherwords:Wewouldhaveto

learnforeverynewchairwemeetthatwecansitonit."Butthegeneralprocessesofcategorizationinthebrain

arelargelyunknown,headded.

Somescientiststestedwhethermicecategorizeinawaysimilartous.Todoso,theyshowedmicedifferent

picturesofdifferentpatternsandgavethemasortingrule.Themicewereabletolearntheruleandreliablysorted

thegivenpatternsintothecorrectcategory.Theyevenputpatternstheyhadnotseenbeforeintothecorrect

categories.Therefore,thestudydemonstratesforthefirsttimehowwellmicecategorizeandapproachourability

forabstraction.

Theresearchersfoundthatcertainneurons（神經(jīng)元）inabrainareabecameactivewhenthemicesortedthe

patterns.Interestingly,differentgroupsofneuronsreactedselectivelytoindividualcategories.Afterobservingthe

activityofsuchneuronsfromthebeginningtotheendofcategorylearning,theresearchersfoundthattheneurons

didn'tacquiretheirselectivityimmediately,butonlydevelopeditlittlebylittleduringthelearningprocess.

16.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphtellus?

A.Learningshouldhappenwithjoy.B.Chairsareeasytorecognizeforkids.

C.Kidscangroupthingsofsimilarnature.D.Picturebooksareattractivetolittlekids.

17.WhyisPieterGoltsteinmentioned?

A.Toexplainhowtointeracteffectively.

B.Totellthewaythebrainworkefficiently

C.Toshowhowtorecognizedifferentthings.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofcategorization.

18.Howcanwedescribethemice'sperformance?

A.Ratherbad.B.Asexpected.

C.Surprisinglygood.D.Betterthanhuman's.

19.Whatcanwelearnfromthemiceexperiment?

A.Therulesofselectivityarefound.

B.Peoplecansaywhentocategorize.

C.Categorizationdevelopsovertime.

D.Alltheneuronsrespondatthesametime.

【答案與解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了對(duì)大腦分類(lèi)能力的研究，指出分類(lèi)對(duì)我們高效地與環(huán)境互動(dòng)

非常重要，并且這種能力是在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)展的。

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其“Itmustassociatethechairpicturedinthebookwiththechairs

italreadyknows—eventhoughtheymayhavedifferentshapesorcolors.Howdoesthechilddothat?（它必須將

書(shū)中描繪的椅子與它已經(jīng)知道的椅子聯(lián)系起來(lái)——即使它們可能有不同的形狀或顏色。孩子是怎么做到

的？廣和第二段的“Theansweriscategorization.（答案是分類(lèi)）“可知，第一段主要介紹孩子可以把性質(zhì)相似的

東西進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)。故選C。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“"Withoutcategorization,wewouldnotbeabletointeractwithourenvironment

asefficientlyaswedo,“PieterGoltstein,aseniorprofessorsays.（“如果不進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，我們就無(wú)法像我們這樣高

效地與環(huán)境互動(dòng)，”資深教授PieterGoltstein表示）“推知，提到PieterGoltstein是為「強(qiáng)調(diào)分類(lèi)的重要性。

故選D。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Themicewereabletolearntheruleandreliablysortedthegivenpatterns

intothecorrectcategory.Theyevenputpatternstheyhadnotseenbeforeintothecorrectcategories.（老鼠能夠?qū)W

習(xí)規(guī)則，并可靠地將給定的模式歸入正確的類(lèi)別。它們甚至把它們以前沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)的圖案分類(lèi)廠推知，老鼠在

實(shí)驗(yàn)中的表現(xiàn)非常好。故選C。

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Afterobservingtheactivityofsuchneuronsfromthebeginningtotheendof

categorylearning,theresearchersfoundthattheneuronsdidn'tacquiretheirselectivityimmediately,butonly

developeditlittlebylittleduringthelearningprocess.（在觀察了這類(lèi)神經(jīng)元從類(lèi)別學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)始到結(jié)束的活動(dòng)后，

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)元并不是立即獲得選擇性的，而是在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的）“可知，分類(lèi)是在學(xué)習(xí)

過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)展的。故選C。

6

Whileyouthisoftenatimeofgreatpromiseandachievement,alifewelllivedcanalsobefilledwithany

numberofnextchaptersandsecondoreventhird—actsthatadddepth,nuance（細(xì)微差另ij）,andmeaningtoour

stories.At65yearsold,SomersetnativeCarole-AnnWarburtonexperiencedaplottwistthatledtothefulfillment

ofalong-cherisheddreamshe'dneverevenspokenofaloud.

Afteranillnessincapacitated（使失去正常生活能力）her,Warburtonwasleftwiththequestionofwhattodo

goingforward.Duringherconvalescence（康復(fù)）,herdaughterbroughtaroundsomerealestatelistingsforthesort

ofhomesinwhichshethoughthermummightbestspendhergoldenyears.Coincidentally,amongstthenotices

wasanofferingforasmallbarbershopwithanabove-stairsapartment.

ForWarburton,althoughsheadmitted"theplacewasawfUl”,itwasloveatfirstsightandtheperfect

opportunitytodosomethingshe'dlongedtodoforalmostaslongasshecouldremember—workinabookshop.

Lessthanthreemonthsaftercomingtoherdecision,Warburtonhandedinherretirementnotice,soldherhouse,

boughtthestore,andusingapersonalinventory（庫(kù)存）totalingbetween8,000and9,000titles—shelaunched

hernewbookshop,TheBookRest.

Adecadeon,TheBookRestrecentlycelebratedits10thanniversary.Althoughthepandemichasslowedfoot

traffic,sinceWarburton'sdrivingmotiveisn'tmonetaryprofit,butrather,somethingofadeeper,morespecial

personalvalue,shehasnoplanstocloseuptheshop.

Havingachievedherowndream,Warburtonseeseverydayinthebookstoreasanopportunitytohelpothers

realisetheirsaswell."AHthedreamsareinthebooks,shetoldTheGuardian.4€Theyarealltherewaitingtobe

pickedup...Someonecanwalkintomorrowandsay,IhavebeenlookingforthatforanawfullylongAnd

asgatekeepertoherownsmalluniverseofliterarywonders,Warburtonsayssheplanstostayaroundaslongas

shecantoensurethattheydo.

20.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthefirstparagraph?

A.Therearepossibilitiesatanystageoflife.

B.Oneshouldgrasptheyouthtomakeachievements.

C.Changingthewayoflifeiscrucialattheageof65.

D.Realisingalong-cherisheddreamisallthatmattersinlife.

21.WhatdidWarburtondotoseekherdream?

A.Sheinvestedmuchmoneyinopeningabookstore.

B.Sheusedherpossessionstodevelopreal-estatebusiness.

C.Shestartedhercareerwithherdaughterinasmallbarbershop.

D.Shesoughtherdaughter'sadviceonwheretorenttheapartment.

22.WhatmakesWarburtonwanttokeepherbookstoreopen?

A.Herstrongdesiretoattractmorecustomers.

B.Theincreasingdeclineofeconomicsituations.

C.Thehugefinancialburdenofillnesstreatment.

D.Herseekingofaninnerworldofself-fulfillment.

23.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWarburton?

A.Curiousandambitious.B.Braveandadventurous.

C.Creativeandpioneering.D.Enthusiasticanddetermined.

【答案與解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了了65歲的沃伯頓在疾病中喪失了正常生活能力

之后，開(kāi)了一家書(shū)店，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想和人生價(jià)值的故事。通過(guò)這一故事，告訴我們生活的每個(gè)階段都充

滿(mǎn)了序曲和可能性，這也會(huì)增加生活的深度和意義。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whileyouthisoftenatimeofgreatpromiseandachievement,alifewell

livedcanalsobefilledwithanynumberofnextchaptersandsecondoreventhirdactsthatadddepth,nuance

（細(xì)微差另|J）,andmeaningtoourstories.At65yearsold,SomersetnativeCarole-AnnWarburtonexperienceda

plottwistthatledtothefulfillmentofalong-cherisheddreamshe'dneverevenspokenofaloud.”（雖然青年時(shí)代

往往是一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)希望和成就的時(shí)代，但美好的生活也可能充滿(mǎn)無(wú)數(shù)的后續(xù)章節(jié)和第二甚至第三幕，這些都

會(huì)增加深度和細(xì)微差別，以及對(duì)我們故事的意義。在65歲時(shí)，薩默塞特本地人卡羅爾?安沃伯頓經(jīng)歷了一

場(chǎng)情節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)折，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)她從未大聲說(shuō)出的夙愿夢(mèng)想。）可知，作者想要告訴我們，青年時(shí)代，青年時(shí)代之

后，人生的任何階段都充滿(mǎn)了序曲，甚至65歲也有實(shí)現(xiàn)自己理想的可能性,A項(xiàng)“Therearepossibilitiesatany

stageof1詵「（在人生的任何階段都有可能。）符合原文表述，故選A項(xiàng)。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Lessthanthreemonthsaftercomingtoherdecision,Warburtonhandedinher

retirementnotice,soldherhouse,boughtthestore,andusingapersonalinventory（庫(kù)存）totalingbetween8,000

and9,000titles—shelaunchedhernewbookshop,TheBookRest.”（在做出決定后不到三個(gè)月，沃伯頓就遞交

了她的退休通知，賣(mài)掉了她的房子，買(mǎi)下了這家書(shū)店，并使用了總計(jì)8,000到9,000本書(shū)的個(gè)人庫(kù)存——

她推出了她的新書(shū)店TheBookRest。）可知，她為了實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，投資開(kāi)了一家書(shū)店。A項(xiàng)“Sheinvestedmuch

moneyinopeningabookstore.”（她投資了很多錢(qián)開(kāi)/一家書(shū)店。）與原文表述一致，故選A項(xiàng)。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Althoughthepandemichasslowedfoottraffic,sinceWarburton'sdriving

motiveisn'tmonetaryprofit,butrather,somethingof