Unit2DiscoveringUsefulStructures課件-高中英語人教版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit2MoralsandVirtuesPeriod3Discoveringusefulstructures

（現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語、賓補(bǔ)）The–ingformastheadverbialandobjectcomplement

1.Climbingmountainsisdangerous.

主語2.Mybroyheralwayslovesplayingbasketballafterschool.賓語3.Hishobbyisplayinggames.表語觀察下面句子并分析畫線部分在句中所作的成分

5.Lookingdownatherphoneasshewalked,shehitthedoor.

定語4.TheladydoingthelivebroadcastiscalledQiaoBiluo.正在做直播的這位女士名叫喬碧蘿。狀語6.TheheadteachersawLiMingplayingwithsmartphoneintheclassroom.賓語補(bǔ)足語定語狀語PartOne

The–ingformastheAttributive(動(dòng)詞ing用作狀語)種類及物動(dòng)詞（do）不及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)（go）主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的形式（以do和go為例）意義：doingbeingdonegoinghavingdonehavingbeendonehavinggone1.v-ing與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生2.having+v-ed與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生

V-ing形式由“do＋ing”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成

V-ing短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。V-ing形式

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語讓步原因條件結(jié)果時(shí)間伴隨方式V-ing語法功能1.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since,because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。Beingill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、伴隨動(dòng)作、結(jié)果、讓步、條件等，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。2、作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when,while,as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常位于句首。有時(shí)可以在v-ing前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞，如when,while等。Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.=Whentheyheardthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.=Whenhearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.3、作方式狀語，等于and并列的兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞。Hecamerunningalltheway.=Hecameandwererunningalltheway.4、作伴隨狀語，相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。Hewalkeddowntheriver,singingsoftlytohimself.=Hewalkeddowntheriverandsangsoftlytohimself.5、作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果,常放于句末。Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.=Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries.Asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.試比較：Hehurriedtothebusstation,onlytofindthatthebushadleft.意料之外的結(jié)果6、現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Workingorreading，shealwaysdidherbest.＝Whethersheworkedorread，shealwaysdidherbest.7、作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，常位于句首。其前可加if或unless等連詞。Drivingtoofast,youwilldamagethecar.=Ifyoudrivetoofast,youwilldamagethecar.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)思考并小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞短語與狀語從句是怎樣轉(zhuǎn)化的？1.現(xiàn)在分詞短語是由狀語從句變換而來的，用以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步及附帶情況。2.若狀語從句與主句的主語相同時(shí)：

1)去連詞→2)去主語→3)動(dòng)詞變現(xiàn)在分詞即由：連詞+主語+V.…,主語+V.→V-ing…,主語+V.e.g.Ifyouturntotheright,you’llfindtheschool.→____________________you’llfindtheschool.Turningtotheright,現(xiàn)在分詞短語與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化3.若狀語從句與主句的主語不同時(shí)：1)去連詞→2)前面的主語留下→3)動(dòng)詞→現(xiàn)在分詞

e.g.

Asitwerefine,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.→____________,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.Iftimepermits,Iwillvisitmyfriendthisweekend.→________________,Iwillvisitmyfriendthisweekend.ItbeingfineTimepermittingAttentionPlease現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，要注意分詞的時(shí)間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing),還是用完成式(havingdone).1)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing).Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.(walk和meet同時(shí)發(fā)生)2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(havingdone).Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.=Afterhehadfinishedtheletter,hewentto….

使用havingdone或havingbeendone的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)部分常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些用于表示過去或完成的時(shí)間狀語，例如：before,already,foralongtime,manytimes等，有時(shí)我們也需要根據(jù)語境來判斷兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。竅門________foralongtime,hestillcouldn’tseehisgirlfriend.A.WaitingB.HavingwaitedC.WaitedD.Havingbeenwaited2._____alongway,Bobbegantofeeltired.A.WalkingB.HavingwalkedC.TowalkD.walkedAttentionPlease2.現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)。使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。若是主動(dòng)關(guān)系就用主動(dòng)式(doing/havingdone),若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系就用被動(dòng)式(beingdone/havingbeendone)(針對(duì)現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)狀語而言）.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.2)HavingbeentakentotheDisneylandtwice,theystillloveitverymuch.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.AlthoughtheyhadbeentakentotheDisney-landtwice,theystillloveitverymuch.AttentionPlease3.現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般要與句子主語一致。但是如果現(xiàn)在分詞和句子的主語構(gòu)不成主謂關(guān)系，我們就得給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)上它自己的主語，這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因等。Thenewyear

coming,wewerehappy.=Asthenewyearwascoming,wewerehappy.2)Time

permitting,Iwillpayavisittomyuncle.=Iftimepermits,Iwillpayavisittomyuncle.AttentionPlease4.現(xiàn)在分詞作評(píng)論性狀語。有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評(píng)論性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。例如，

generallyspeaking一般說來

judgingfrom/by從……判斷

takingeverythingintoconsideration

考慮到各種因素

considering考慮到

supposing假如

talking/speakingof提到……providing如果……Seeingthat…既然Judgingfromhisbehavior,hemustbemad.

2)

Generallyspeaking,hewillnotbelateforschool.AttentionPlease5.邏輯主語

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。

1)

______(see)fromthehill,wefindthecityverybeautiful.2)______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.SeeingSeenPracticemakesperfect!請(qǐng)判斷下列從句是何種狀語從句，并將它們改寫成現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.原因時(shí)間條件伴隨讓步Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.原因時(shí)間條件4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.伴隨讓步請(qǐng)判斷下列v-ing在句中充當(dāng)何種狀語。1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaniPhone.3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.6)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.8)Weatherpermitting,we’llgoouttomorrow.原因伴隨條件伴隨方式結(jié)果時(shí)間請(qǐng)把以上句子中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語改寫成狀語從句。條件Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaniPhone.Ashewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordaniPhone.3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-houseandwascuttingthebranch.原因伴隨條件伴隨5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Hecameandranbacktotellmethenews.6)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Thechildslippedandfell.Asaresult,hehithisheadagainstthedoor.8)Weatherpermitting,we’llgoouttomorrow.Ifweatherpermits,we’llgoouttomorrow.方式結(jié)果時(shí)間條件3)Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.

A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellrings

C.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings

4)Hesitatingwhattodo,______.A.solet’snotgooutingB.thetourwascancelledC.butweshouldstilltakethetourD.wehadtostayhomeCD1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Useyourhead,youwillfindaway.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Abigearthquakestruckherhometown,mademanypeoplehomeless.單句改錯(cuò)1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Useyourhead,youwillfindaway.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingUsingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Abigearthquakestruckherhometown,mademanypeoplehomeless.pointingKnockmaking1.Maryfailedallherexam,_______(make)bothherparentsveryangry.2.______(know)thatshewouldfeelmoredepressedifshestayedathome,sheforcedherselftogoout.3.Shewassoangrythatshethrewtheglassontheground,______(break)itintopieces.4.MuchnewandhightechnologyhasbeenintroducedfromAmerica,thus______(result)ingreatincreaseinproductionofthecompany.5.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle______(try)tobalanceit.單句語法填空6.______(make)fullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.7.Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,______(tell)methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.8.While______(wait)forthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.9.Hermotherdiedin1990,______(leave)herwithheryoungerbrother.10.______(tell)therulesformanytimes,hestillcouldn’tkeeptheminmind.單句語法填空1.Maryfailedallherexam,_______(make)bothherparentsveryangry.2.______(know)thatshewouldfeelmoredepressedifshestayedathome,sheforcedherselftogoout.3.Shewassoangrythatshethrewtheglassontheground,______(break)itintopieces.4.MuchnewandhightechnologyhasbeenintroducedfromAmerica,thus______(result)ingreatincreaseinproductionofthecompany.5.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle______(try)tobalanceit.單句語法填空makingKnowingbreakingresultingtrying6.____________(make)fullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.7.Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,______(tell)methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.8.While______(wait)forthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.9.Hermotherdiedin1990,______(leave)herwithheryoungerbrother.10.______________(tell)therulesformanytimes,hestillcouldn’tkeeptheminmind.單句語法填空HavingmadetellingwaitingleavingHavingbeentoldPartTwo

The–ingformasobjectcomplement(動(dòng)詞ing用作賓補(bǔ))觀察歸納：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面,對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明表示一個(gè)____________________的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性

一、V-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的作用1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding

attheentrance.2)Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.1.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.2.Ifelt

someonepatting

meontheback.3.Canyousmellanything

burning?4.Listentothebirdssinging.歸納：1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的的動(dòng)詞，即：____動(dòng)詞如：______________________________________感官see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice等二、能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的幾類詞：歸納：2.表示“使”“令”“讓”等含有“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，即：______動(dòng)詞如：________________________使役mak