(新)高考英語賓語從句

高考英語賓語從句一、關(guān)聯(lián)詞

關(guān)聯(lián)詞又稱“連詞”或“引導(dǎo)詞”，是賓語從句的重要組成部分。連詞：1.連接代詞（that，who，whom，what，which）2.連接副詞（when，where，why，how）3.從屬連詞（if，whether）由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句，用if或whether引導(dǎo).在試卷中一般依據(jù)從句中“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”的原則，結(jié)合上下文選用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。如：

1.Idon’tknowwhowillbeourheadteachernextsemester.缺指人的主語用who，如缺指物的主語則用what。

2.Idoubtwhatmyepalwillwritesoon.缺指物的賓語用what，如缺指人的賓語則用whom。

3.Ithinkthatmydeskmatewillgetthroughallthemajorsubjects.句子不缺成分，用that;如果that后跟有代詞，可省略that。

4.Sheletmeknowwhenthemeetingwouldbeheld.缺時(shí)間狀語，用when；缺地點(diǎn)狀語，用where；缺原因狀語，用why；缺方式狀語，用how。

5.Idon’tknowwhich/whattopicIshouldchoose.缺定語，用what或which。

6.Theteacheraskedwhether/ifIwasgettingreadyforthecomingtest.表示“是否（有，能，已經(jīng)……）”等含義，用whether或if。

7.I’dbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethemovie“Dawn”ornot.強(qiáng)調(diào)是否對(duì)比時(shí)，用連詞whether。

例1Acomputercanonlydo

_____youhaveinstructedittodo.

A.how

B.afterC.what

D.when

例2Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.why

B.whatC.who

D.that

例3Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor________hethoughtwasnotenough.

A.where

B.howC.what

D.which

例4Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.

A.inwhich

B.inwhat

C.fromwhat

D.fromwhich

例5Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.

A.what

B.whichC.why

D.while

二、語序

以從屬連詞（if，whether）、連接代詞（what，which，who，whose）和連接副詞（when，where，how，why）等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用陳述句語序。

例6Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

例7Thebosswentuptoask_____.

A.whatthematterwasB.what’sthematterC.whatwasthematterD.whatthematteris

三、時(shí)態(tài)

賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句相呼應(yīng):1.如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可不受約束；2.如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)須與之呼應(yīng)；Eg.Ithoughthehadgonetotowntoday.3.當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：Eg.Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.

例8Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets________.

A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked例9Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.

A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway例10—Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?—No,butsometimesIwishI_________.

A.havetimeB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.hadtimeto四、賓語從句的減縮式

賓語從句有時(shí)可減縮為“疑問詞+不定式”的形式。

例11I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.

A.expected

B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting

D.expects

例12ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.

A.itwhattodowith

B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit

D.todowhatwithit例13Themotherdidn’tknow_____toblameforthebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.

A.who

B.when

C.how

D.what

五、賓語從句的特殊式

1.復(fù)合連接代詞在賓語從句中的使用。如：

Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterest.（whoever=anyonewho/anypersonwho）

ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddowhateverIcantosavethem.（whatever=anythingthat）

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.whatever在此處是泛指，不可被what替代。而“Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。

2.it作形式賓語，從句作真正賓語。

（1）動(dòng)詞+it+important/necessary/natural/etc.+thatclause。thatclause中謂語動(dòng)詞前可加should，亦可省略。如：

Ithinkitimportantthatyou（should）attendtheconference.

（2）動(dòng)詞+it+as+名詞/形容詞+clause。如：

Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.

（3）動(dòng)詞+it+介詞+thatclause。常見的有：oweittosb.+thatclause（把……歸功于某人），leaveittosb.+thatclause（把……留給某人去做），takeitforgranted

+thatclause（想當(dāng)然），keepitinmind

+thatclause（記住……）。如：

Ijusttookitforgrantedthathe’dalwaysbearound.

（4）動(dòng)詞+it+clause。如：Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

英語中少數(shù)介詞很活躍，能帶從句作其賓語。如：Igotoseeafilmexceptwhenitrains.

3.含賓語從句的反意疑問句。

當(dāng)陳述部分帶有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，疑問部分的主語和謂語一般應(yīng)與陳述部分主句的主語和謂語保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。如：

Briantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,didn’the?

當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主語是第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think

/

believe

/

suppose/guess/imagine/expect/suspect/feel等時(shí)，疑問部分的主語和謂語往往與陳述部分從句中的主語和謂語保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)實(shí)質(zhì)上是將對(duì)主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到對(duì)從句的否定上。如：

Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?

4.兩個(gè)及以上表示陳述的賓語從句并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)連詞that可以省略，但第二個(gè)及以后的不可省。如：Hetoldme（that）theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.

5.主語+be+形容詞+clause。如：I’mafraidthatIcan’tpromiseyouanything.

例14Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept________helphecanget.

A.whichever

B.howeverC.whatever

D.whenever例15_____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.Who

B.Theone

C.Anyone

D.Whoever例16I’dappreciate_______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.

A.that

B.it

C.this

D.you例17—Idon’tthinkyoucouldhavebeenusedtothequickpaceoflifewhilestudyingintheUSA______you?A．haven’tstartedB．didn’tC．don’tstartD．hadn’tstarted（2）TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay．A．isB．wasC．hasbeenD．willbe（3）Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun．A．goesB．goC．wentD．willgo（4）We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam．A．havepassedB．hadpassedC．passD．willpass（5）“Couldyoutellme______?”“Yes．They____tothelibrary．”A．wherearethetwins，havebeenB．wherewerethetwins，havebeenC．wherethetwinsare，havegoneD，wherethetwinswere，havegone（6）Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek．A．willbuyB．haveboughtC．wouldbuyD．buys（7）Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday．A．goesB．willgoC．wentD．havegone類型四：其他－－－反意疑問句，it做形式賓語（1）．Idon’tthinkheisright，__________?A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI（2）．Hebelievessheisright，__________?A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe（3）．Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball，__________?A．didn’theB．didheC．didID．didn’tI（4）．Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday．A．itB．thisC．thatD．what（5）．Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift．A．howtheywereexcitedB．howexcitedtheywereC．howexcitedweretheyD．theywerehowexcited高考題1．—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould．（06全國Ⅱ）A．whenB．thatC．howD．what2．Pleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing．Imaybeintimetoseehimoff．A．whereB．whenC．howD．what（06全國Ⅰ）3．Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame．（05全國卷）A．whyB．whatC．whoD．that4．SomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________．（2000上海）A．whoisheB．whoheisC．whoisitD．whoitis5．——Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime．——Whatdoyouconsider_______toher?（NMET1990）A．washappeningB．tohappenC．hashappenedD．happening答案類型一：ABABACB類型二DCDBCC類型三AAAACCC類型四BAAAB高考題DBADC例題解析：例1解析：待選項(xiàng)在從句中充當(dāng)todo的賓語，故選C。例2解析：由于從句中句意清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故可排除B、C項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)用于賓語從句時(shí)只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，無詞義，同時(shí)不充當(dāng)任何成分，而題干上下文表示因果關(guān)系，故選A。例3解析：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，for后面的從句缺少主語，故答案為C。例4解析：答案為C。本題為詞組bedifferentfrom后跟what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，不要誤看作定語從