文學翻譯之散文翻譯

第五章文學翻譯之散文翻譯8.1散文翻譯特點和要求8.2名家名篇賞析8.3技巧點撥自我提升8.1散文翻譯特點和要求【散文特點】

中國文學里的散文和英美文學中的散文在形式上有所不同。英文中的散文，在廣義上大致可以分為三種：敘述文（narration）、描寫文（description）和論說文（exposition），但狹義上的散文主要是指隨筆或小品文（easy）。

在中國古代，凡是在韻文和駢文之外，不重韻律，不重排偶的散體文章，如傳記、小品和游記等都

統(tǒng)稱之為散文?，F(xiàn)代散文也有廣義和狹義之分，

廣義的散文包括雜文、小品、隨筆和報告文學等

在內(nèi)，而狹義的散文則專指表現(xiàn)作者對生活對自

然抒發(fā)情思的敘事抒情散文。

然而散文的主要特征是“形散神聚”，即題材廣泛，形式自由，結(jié)構(gòu)靈活，但其主題思想?yún)s非常明確?！痉g要求】

嚴肅的譯者在對待散文佳作時，都是在翻譯前細讀原作，一絲不茍；翻譯時字斟句酌，精益求精，留下了不少散文翻譯精品。做散文翻譯時，除了須遵循翻譯的一般規(guī)律之外，還應當注意以下幾點：把握全篇的中心思想，分清作品的結(jié)構(gòu)層次，傳達作者的濃郁情感，重構(gòu)原作的審美意境，注意語言的精美典雅，再現(xiàn)作者的獨特風格，

翻譯的過程中，除了一些基本的翻譯技巧，散文翻譯還要求使用一些比較特殊的技巧，主要是一些跟文學創(chuàng)作相似的技巧，以及涉及中國和西方文化差異，修辭、文風和審美等的技巧。譯例1：

月光如流水一般，靜靜地瀉在這一片葉子和花上（1）薄薄的青霧浮起在荷塘里。(2)葉子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗過一樣；又像籠著輕紗的夢（3）。雖然是滿月，天上卻有一層淡淡的云，所以不能朗照；但是我以為這恰是到了好處——酣眠固不可少，小睡也是別有風味的（4）。月光是隔了樹照過來的，高處叢生的灌木，落上參差的斑駁的黑影，峭楞楞如鬼一般，彎彎的楊柳的稀疏的倩影，像是畫在荷葉上（5）。荷塘中的月色并不均勻；但光與影有著和諧的旋律，如梵阿玲上奏著的名曲（6）。朱純深譯文：

The

moon

sheds

her

liquid

light

silently

over

theleaves

and

flowers,

which,

in

the

floatingtransparency

of

a

bluish

haze

from

the

pond,

look

as

if

they

had

just

been

bathed

in

milk,

orlike

a

dream

wrapped

in

a

gauzy

hood

(1)(2)(3).

Although

it

is

a

full

moon,

shining

through

a

filmof

clouds,

the

light

is

not

at

its

brightest;

it

ishowever,

just

right

for

me—

a

profound

sleep

isindispensable,

yet

a

snatched

doze

also

has

asavour

of

its

own

(4).

The

moon

light

isstreaming

down

through

the

foliage,

casting

bushy

shadows

on

the

ground

from

high

above,dark

and

checked,

like

an

army

of

ghosts;

whereas

the

benign

figures

of

the

drooping

willows,here

and

there

look

like

paintings

on

the

lotusleaves

(5).

The

moonlight

is

not

spread

evenly

overthe

pond,

but

rather

in

a

harmonious

rhythm

andshade,

like

a

famous

melody

played

on

a

violin

(6).

簡析：本段描寫了月光、青霧籠罩著的靜靜地荷塘的一角夜景。在作者筆下，浮云蔽月比起明月朗照更能動人心弦，所以他強調(diào)“這恰是到了好處”，并以

“小睡也別有風味”為喻加以突出，這里明顯地表現(xiàn)了作者的審美情趣。

譯者將前三句合而為一，用詞熨帖，筆調(diào)自然，很好地再現(xiàn)了作者柔和幽靜的心境和淡淡的喜悅之情，只是用“softly”代替“silently”也許更為妥當，因為月光原本不會發(fā)出聲音。第四句前一部分可以考慮對句式重新安排：A

full

moon

as

itis,the

light

is

not

at

its

brightest,shining

thra

film

of

clouds,這樣似乎更具有節(jié)奏感。最后兩句句式參差有致，再現(xiàn)了原文富于變化的錯落感，其中“稀疏”譯成了here

and

there，而沒有直譯

為sparsely，目的在于使節(jié)奏更加整齊，這一句整體上譯得比較成功，但可以作進一步潤色：將

“倩影”譯為“fine

figure”，將“峭楞楞如鬼一般”譯成“l(fā)ike

angular

and

haunting

ghosts”。

此外，在“但光與影有著和諧的旋律”一語中，

“光”還是指前面的“月光”，因此可將其改譯為“but

rather

in

a

harmonious

tune

with

shade”。最后，原文中沒有使用當時已有定名的“小提琴”

一詞，而是采用了“梵婀玲”這一更有韻味的音譯形式，這種效果翻譯中恐難企及。王椒升譯文：

Moonlight

was

flowing

quietly

like

a

streamdown

to

the

leaves

and

flowers(1).

A

light

mistoverspread

the

lotus

pond(2).

Leaf

and

flowerseemed

washed

in

milk(3).

It

was

a

full

moon,

but

apale

cloud

hanging

overhead

made

it

lose

some

of

its

brilliance(4).

Moonlight

was

glowing

from

behithe

trees,

and

the

dense

shrubs

above

cast

downgloomy

ghostlike

shadows

of

varying

lengths

andshades

of

colour.

But

the

beautiful

sparse

shadowsof

the

arching

willows

were

like

a

picture

etched

onthe

lotus

leaves

(5).

Uneven

as

was

the

moonlight

over

the

pond,there

was

a

harmony

between

light

and

shade,rhythmic

as

a

well-known

melody

plated

on

theviolin.

簡析：譯文可商榷之處有三：第一，“又像籠著輕紗的夢”以及“但我以為這恰是到了好處——

酣眠固不可少，小睡也別有風味的”兩句傳神之

筆沒有譯出，結(jié)構(gòu)及意象遭到破壞；其二，沒有

運用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，造成了時空理解上的錯覺；第三，句句直譯沒有考慮到漢、英兩種語言的差異，譯

文顯得很是零散，且未能傳達出原文的美感和神

采?！吨袊膶W》譯文：

Moonlight

cascaded

like

water

overthe

lotus

leaves

and

flowers,

and

a

lighblue

mist

floating

up

from

the

pool

madethem

seem

washed

in

milk

or

caught

in

agauzy

dream(1)(2)(3).

Though

the

moonwas

full,

a

film

of

pale

clouds

in

the

skwould

not

allow

its

rays

to

shine

througbrightly;

but

I

felt

this

was

all

to

the—though

refreshing

sleep

isindispensable,

short

naps

have

a

charmall

their

own

(4).

As

the

moon

shone

from

behind

them,thedense

trees

on

the

hills

threw

checkeredshadows,

dark

forms

loomed

like

devils,

and

thesparse,

graceful

shadows

of

willows

seemedpainted

on

the

lotus

leaves(5).

The

moonlight

onthe

pool

was

not

uniform,

but

light

and

shadowmade

up

a

harmonious

rhythm

like

a

beautifultune

played

on

a

violin(6).簡析：

首先看前三句的翻譯：由于cascaded一詞的運用，“靜靜地”便無從談起了：流水可以寧靜地徜徉，瀑布則必然會發(fā)出聲響；第2、3句可改譯

為：“…and

in

a

light

blue

mist…they

seemed

to

have

bathed

in

milk

…”。第4句中的“酣睡”（refreshing

sleep）應譯成sound

sleep或profound

sleep，因為refreshing用在這里不太準確，它同樣可以用來修飾nap一詞，charm一詞用來描述“小睡”顯然有些過了。在第5句中，除了“彎彎的”漏譯外，這句譯出了原文的真正意義，且譯者將“高處

的”譯成了“on

the

high

hills”，更為傳神生動。最后一句建議不一定要用not來對應，比如譯成“irregular”也不失為理想的選擇。?根據(jù)上述分析，可以總結(jié)如下：第一，作為我國經(jīng)典散文的代表作，《荷塘月色》通篇語言凝練，筆觸細膩，雖語句簡短，但含義深刻，翻譯起來著實不易。就此而言，上述三位譯者應該說都領(lǐng)悟了作者以平淡取勝的真意，他們的譯文盡管微觀上也不乏某些值得商榷的地方，但整體而言是應該博得讀者一聲贊賞的，尤其是朱純深先生的譯文在表達原文思想、意境和情趣方面均達到了很高水平，讀來令人感到原作的風姿（馮慶華，2002:164）小結(jié)

關(guān)于漢語散文的翻譯，我們還應該考慮到英漢兩種文化在思維習慣上的明顯差異。比如就主觀情理和客觀物象的關(guān)系而言：

漢語突出通過物象或形象表現(xiàn)情理，強調(diào)客觀融入主觀，喜歡托物寄情、以形寫神，或者說重神似勝于形似，體現(xiàn)出漢民族獨特的思維和審美方式。這種特有的思維方式反映在語言表達上，就有了漢語行文講究形式劃一、聲律對仗，用字凝練含蓄、簡雋空靈，追求工整勻稱、音韻和美的傳統(tǒng)與習慣。

而英語在這方面則大相徑庭，英國民族強調(diào)分析型的抽象理性思維，在主觀與客觀的物象關(guān)系上，更多地強調(diào)模仿和再現(xiàn)。這種趨勢反映到語言表達形式上，就出現(xiàn)了英語重形式、重寫實、重理性的特點，形成了英語句式架構(gòu)嚴整、表達思維縝密、行文邏輯性強、用語簡潔自然、描述直觀可感的風格。這種表述習慣上的差異典型地表現(xiàn)在下面一段文字中：?

“暮靄沉沉，海天一色，紅浪翻涌，碧波橫流，天空紅藍相映五彩生輝?！?/p>

（Then

came

the

twilight

colours

of

sea

and

heaven,

thewinepink

width

of

water

merging

into

lawns

of

aquamarinesthe

sky

a

tender

palette

of

pink

and

blue.）在原文中，景物描寫含蓄空靈，語言表達音韻諧美，而譯成英語后，則幾乎都變成了具象的景物羅列（賈文波，1999:73--76）。從上述譯文可以看出，英語在表達形式上雖然直觀簡潔，卻也不乏豐富的含義，借助種種有效地變通手段，譯文照樣可以將原文所表現(xiàn)的韻味和意境一一再現(xiàn)于讀者面前。8.2名家名篇賞析【名篇賞析一】雨雪時候的星辰冰心

寒暑表降到冰點下十八度的時候，我們也是在廊下睡覺。每夜最熟識的就是天上的星辰了。也不過只是點點閃爍的光明，而相看慣了，偶然不見，也有些相望與無聊。

連夜雨雪，一點星光也看不見。荷和我擁衾而坐，在廊子的兩角，遙遙談話。

荷指著說：“你看維納斯（Venus）升起來了！”我抬頭望時，才是山路轉(zhuǎn)折處的路燈。我怡然一笑，也指著對山的一星燈火說：“那邊是丘比特（Jupiter）呢！”

愈指愈多。松林中射來零亂的風燈，都成了滿天星宿。真的，雪花隙里，看不出天空和森林的界限，將繁燈當成是繁星，簡直是抵得過。

一念至誠地將假作真，燈光似乎都從地上飄起。這幻成德燈光都不移動，不必半夜夢醒時，再去追尋它們的位置。于是雨雪寂寞之夜，也有了慰安了！【英語譯文】Stars

in

the

snowy

nightBing

Xin??The

thermometer

had

dropped

to

18

degrees

belowzero,

but

we

still

chose

to

sleep

in

the

porch

as

usual.

Inevening,

the

most

familiar

sight

to

me

would

be

the

stars

ithe

sky.

Though

they

were

a

mere

sprinkle

of

twinkling

dotyet

I

had

become

so

accustomed

to

them

that

theiroccasional

absence

would

bring

me

loneliness

and

ennui.It

had

been

snowing

all

night,

not

a

single

star

in

sigMy

roommate

and

I,

each

wrapped

in

a

quilt,

were

seatedfar

apart

in

a

different

corner

in

the

porch,

facing

each

oand

chatting

away.She

exclaimed

pointing

to

something

afar,

"look,

Venuis

rising!"

I

looked

up

and

saw

noting

but

a

lamp

round

thebend

of

the

mountain

path.

I

beamed

and

said

pointing

to

atiny

lamplight

on

the

opposite

mountain,

"It"s

Jupiter

ovthere!"

More

and

more

lights

came

into

sight

as

we

kept

pointinghere

and

there.

Light

from

hurricane

lamps

flickering

abouthe

pine

forest

created

the

scene

of

a

star-studded

sky.

Withe

distinction

between

the

sky

and

forest

obscured

bysnowflakes,

the

numerous

lamplight

now

easily

passed

for

amany

stars

Completely

lost

in

a

make-believe

world,

I

seemed

to

see

athe

lamplight

drifting

from

the

ground.

With

the

illusoryhanging

still

overhead,

I

was

spared

the

effort

of

tracingpositions

when

I

woke

up

from

my

dreams

in

the

dead

ofnight.Thus

I

found

consolation

even

on

a

lonely

snowy

night!（張培基譯）簡析：

這是一篇作者早期的抒情散文，寫燈光幻化成繁星，給雨雪嚴寒中人們帶來精神的慰藉和心靈的向往。全文雖很短小，但意象優(yōu)美，文筆清新，充滿詩情畫意。譯文用極富抒情色彩的優(yōu)美意如：a

mere

sprinkle

of

twinkling

dots，Light

from

hurricane

lamps

flickering

about

in

the

pine

forest

created

the

scene

of

a

star-studded

sky，the

distinction

between

the

sky

and

forest

obscured

by

snowflakes等再現(xiàn)了原作中詩一般的意境，用一些重要的表述，如the

numerous

lamplight

now

easily

passed

for

as

many

stars,

thus

I

found

consolation

even

on

a

lonely

snowy

night!來示作者的感受與感慨，使讀者體會到這篇短小的抒情散文的主題?！久p析二】棗核（節(jié)選）蕭乾?

那真是座美麗的山城，汽車開去，一路坡上坡下滿是一

片嫣紅(1)。倘若在中國，這里一定會有楓城之稱（2）。過了幾個山坳，他朝楓樹叢中一座三層小樓指了指說：“喏，到了?！逼嚬者M草坪，離車庫還有三四米，車庫門就像認識主人似的自動掀啟。朋友有點不好意思地解釋（3）說，買這座大房子時，孩子們還上著學，如今都成家立業(yè)了。學生物化學的老伴兒在一家研究所里做營養(yǎng)試驗（4）。

他把我安頓在二樓臨湖的一個房間后，就領(lǐng)我去踏訪他的后花園。地方不大，布置得卻精致勻稱（5）。我們在靠籬笆的一張白色長凳上坐下，他劈頭就問我：“覺不覺得這花園有點家鄉(xiāng)的味道？”?

經(jīng)他指點，我留意到臺階兩旁是他手栽的兩株垂楊柳，草坪中央有個睡蓮池（6）。慨良深地對我說：“栽垂柳的時候，我那個小子才五歲，如今在一條一條核潛艇上當總機械長了。姑娘在哈佛教書。家庭和事業(yè)都如意，各種新式設(shè)備也都有了?？墒俏倚纳峡傁袷侨秉c什么。也許是沒出息（7），怎么年紀越大，思鄉(xiāng)越切。我現(xiàn)在課充分體會出游子的心境了。我想廠甸，想隆福寺。這里一過圣誕，我就想舊歷年。近來，我老是想總布胡同院里那棵棗樹（8）。所以才托你帶幾顆種籽，試種一下。”【英語譯文】

It

was

really

a

beautiful

mountain

city.

As

we

drove

on,

aexpanse

of

rich

crimson

up

and

down

the

slope

came

intosight(1).

In

China

a

place

like

this

(2)would

have

beendescribed

as

a

maple

city.?

After

passing

through

several

cols,

my

friend

said

pointing

to

a

three-house

amidst

the

maple

trees,

"Here

we

are."

The

car

turned

into

a

lawn

awhen

it

was

three

or

four

meters

away

from

the

garage,

its

doorautomatically

opened

as

if

it

recognized

its

own

master.My

friend

looked

somewhat

ill

at

ease

when

he

hold

me

this(3):

At

thtime

when

he

bought

this

big

house,

his

children

had

all

been

at

school.they

had

their

own

homes

and

jobs.

His

wife,

a

biochemist,

was

a

dietitiaa

research

institute(4).

After

assigning

me

a

room

on

the

second

floor

facing

a

lake,

he

showed

me

around

his

back

garden,

which,

though

not

too

big,

was

exquisite

and

nic

arranged(5).The

moment

we

sat

down

on

a

white

bench

close

to

a

hedge,he

asked

me,"

don"t

you

find

something

here

smacking

of

our

native

place

China?"

At

this,

I

noticed

a

weeping

willow,

planted

by

himself,

on

eith

of

a

flight

of

steps

as

well

as

a

water-lily

pond

in

the

middle

of

the

gar?He

said

with

deep

feeling,

"When

I

planted

the

willowsmy

son

was

only

five.

Now

he

serves

as

head

of

chiefmechanics

in

a

nuclear

submarine.

My

daughter

teaches

atHarvard

University.

I"m

happy

with

my

family

and

my

careeI

own

all

modern

household

facilities

I

need.

But

I

stillsomething

lacking.

Maybe

I"m

a

bit

too

foolish(7).

How

cothe

older

I

become,

the

more

I

think

of

my

homeland.

Now

Ifully

understand

the

frame

of

mind

of

one

residing

in

a

plfar

away

from

home.

I

always

think

of

Changdian

andLongfusi.

Every

time

Christmas

is

celebrated

here

inAmerica,

I

think

of

the

Lunar

New

Year

back

in

China.

I

cannever

forget

the

date

tree

in

the

courtyard

of

the

house

(on

Zongbu

Hutong.

That"s

why

I"ve

asked

you

to

bring

mesome

date

stones.

I"ll

try

to

plant

them

here."（張培基譯）

簡析：該選段中有許多若干小句組成的流水句，它們可有一個主語引領(lǐng)，也常常在中間變換主語。譯成英語時，要依照小句間的邏輯語義關(guān)系以及英語的遣詞造句規(guī)律、規(guī)則加以重組。具體分析來看：

處就是很好的的例子。此外，英語中表示“紅”的詞語有很多，而從上下文看，這里的“紅”是楓葉的紅，故以

“crimson”(紫紅)譯出較為貼切。

請留意語氣的恰當運用。另外，“這里”實說“像這樣一個地方∕城市”故譯為“a

place

like

this”。

此句中的“解釋”還是譯為“explain”為好，因為主人是在說明為什么買了這么大一座房子?！俺杉摇北緫恰癵etmarried”，但這里主要是指他們（孩子們）有了自己的家，兼要與“立業(yè)”一塊譯出，故譯為“had

their

own

homes

and

jobs”。

此句主要說明人物的身份、職業(yè)，故用一個表示身份、職業(yè)的名詞譯出要比用動詞為好，也更簡潔。

“nicely

arranged”中的“nicely”意為“恰到好處”。此外本段開頭雖是兩個句子，但語義關(guān)系甚密，故英譯合二為一，更合英語表達習慣。6.“經(jīng)他指點”即“聽他這么一說”，故譯“at

this”；“兩旁

“兩株”英語只能是“一旁一株”，“草坪中央”依譯者理解當是“花園中央”，故譯“in

the

middle

of

the

garden”?！耙苍S是沒出息”不宜按字面直譯，因為漢語的“沒出息”多 指“沒膽量”、“沒能耐”、“沒成就”、“沒有用”。此句中的“院里”譯為“in

the

courtyard

of

the

house”似不 大妥，因為courtyard并非是house的一部分；此句似可譯為： I

can

never

forget

the

date

tree

in

the

courtyard

of

my

hom

on

Zongbu

Hutong.【名篇賞析三】書籍孫黎我同書籍，即將分離。我雖非英雄，頗有垓下之感，卻無可奈何這些書都是在全國解放之后到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中間成套成批。有的來自京滬，有的來自蘇杭。?

最初，囊中羞澀，也曾交臂相失。中間也曾一擲百金，稍有豪氣。總之，時歷三十余年，我同它們，可稱故舊。十年浩劫，我自顧不暇，無心也無力顧及它們。但它們輾轉(zhuǎn)多處，經(jīng)受折磨、潮濕、踐踏、撞破，終于還是回來了。失去了一些，我有些惋惜，但也不愿去尋覓它們，因為我失去的東西，比起它們，更多也更重要。

·它們回到寒舍以后，我對它們的情感如故。書無分大小、貴賤、古今、新舊，只要是我想保存的，因之也同我共過患難

的，一視同仁。洗塵，安置，撫慰，唏噓，它們大概是已經(jīng)體

味到了。

近幾年，又為它們添加了一些新伙伴。當這些新書，進入

我的書架，我不再打印章，寫名字，只是給它們包裹一層新裝，記下到此的歲月。

這是因為，我意識到，我不久就會同它們告別了。我的命運是注定了。但它們各自的命運，我是不能預知，也不能擔保的?！居⒄Z譯文】My

BooksSun

Li??Soon

I"ll

part

with

my

books;

I"ll

have

to,

the

way

the

ancient

herXiang

Yu

parted

with

his

favourite

lady

Yu

Ji

at

Gaixia.The

books

had

arrived

at

my

home

since

1949,

the

year

the

countrywas

liberated

(from

KMT

rule).

At

first

they

came

piecemeal

and,

late,

ior

in

bulk,

some

from

Beijing

and

Shanghai,

some

from

Suzhou

andHangzhou.

During

the

first

few

years,

as

I

was

financially

embarrassed,sometimes

I

had

to

turn

from

the

books

that

I

would

have

liked

to

giveeverything

in

exchange

for.

However,

there

were

occasions

on

which

Ithrew

my

money

on

books

with

quite

a

sense

of

lavish

generosity.

In

shorhavingkept

each

other

company

for

over

30

years,

I

felt

lifelong

intimawith

them

all.During

the

ten

years

of

the

disastrous

cultural

revolution"

I

wasthe

mood

to,

nor

was

I

fit

enough

to

bother

about

my

books,

as

I

was

notsure

where

myself

would

end

up.

But,

having

been

taken

from

place

toplace,getting

moistened

and

damaged,

tortured

and

trampled

underfoot,?they

eventually

had

come

back

to

me.

Some

of

them

had

got

lost,

for

whichI

was

sorry,

but

I

thought

I

would

not

go

and

retrieve

them,

for

I

had

hadmore

to

lose

in

those

years

and

what

I

had

lost

other

than

the

books

was

fmore

important.?After

their

return

to

home

I

felt

about

them

with

the

samaffection

as

I

did

earlier.

I

treated

them

alike,

whether

thbig

or

small,

old

or

new,

expensive

or

inexpensive,

classicacontemporary,

since

they

had

been

in

my

collection

and,therefore,

gone

through

thick

and

thin

with

me.

I

would

sighsignificance,

when

I

dusted

and

caressed

them

and

then

founda

place

for

them

to

go

to.

I

guessed

they

must

have

sensedhow

I

felt

about

their

return.

During

the

last

couple

of

years

I

had

found

them

some

newcompanions.

I

no

longer

stamped

my

seal

or

wrote

my

name

onthem,

however,

then

putting

them

onto

the

bookshelves,

excethat

I

clothed

them

with

a

new

cover

and

put

down

the

date

oftheir

arrival.

This

was

because

I

was

well

aware

that

it

woulnot

be

long

before

I

bid

farewell

to

my

books;

my

fate

had

beepredestined.

As

for

what

would

happen

to

theirs,

I

could

notforetell,

much

less

could

I

guarantee.（劉士聰 譯）簡析：本文是一片托物言志型抒情散文。原文語言雖平淡、樸素，但 包含了豐富內(nèi)涵。作家把對歷史人生的關(guān)照訴諸于平淡的文字 中，使得文章具有強烈的生命意識、憂患意識。原文的第一段為兩句，譯文處理成了一句。分號前是主句，分 好后是主句的解釋?！皌he

way…”后的譯文節(jié)奏與原文相似， 短促、緊湊。原文的第二段“曾一擲百金，稍有豪氣”一句，譯文用

“however，there…generosity.”，也算是妙筆。原文共有六段，每一段都有側(cè)重。譯文中有很多連接詞，這樣 處理，句子的邏輯發(fā)展合理，因而保證了原文段落的整體性和 敘事效果。這種增添是必要的?！久p析四】????偶像的話艾青

在那著名的古廟里，站立著一尊高大的塑像，人在他的旁邊，伸直了手還摸不到他的膝蓋。很多年以來，他都使看不見的人不由自主地肅然起敬，感到自己的渺小，卑微，因而渴望著能得到他的拯救。這塑像站了幾百年了，他覺得這是一種苦役，對于熱望從他得到援助的蕓蕓眾生，明知是無能為力的，因此他由于羞愧而厭煩，最后終于向那些膜拜者說話了：“眾生啊，你們做的是多么可笑的事！你們以自己的模型創(chuàng)造了我，把我加以擴大，想從我身上發(fā)生一種威力，借以鎮(zhèn)壓你們不安定的精神。而我卻害怕你們。”“我敢相信：你們之所以要創(chuàng)造我，完全是因為你們?nèi)狈ψ孕拧埧窗?，我比之你們能多些什么呢？而我卻沒有你們自己所具備的?！薄澳銈兗偃绺竽懶?，把我搗碎了，從我的胸廓里是流不出一滴血來的?！?/p>

“當然，我也知道，你們之創(chuàng)造我也是一種大膽的行為，因為你們嘗試著要我成為一個同謀者，讓我和你們一起，能欺騙更軟弱的那些人?！?/p>

“我已受夠懲罰了，我站在這兒已幾百年，你們的祖先把我塑造起來，以后你們一代一代為我的周身貼上金葉，使我能通體發(fā)亮，但我卻嫌惡我的地位，正如我嫌惡虛偽一樣?！?/p>

“請把我搗碎吧，要么能將我縮小到和你們一樣大小，并且在我的身上賦予生命所必需的血液，假如真能做到，我是多么感激你們——但是這是做不到的呀?！?/p>

“因此，我認為：真正能拯救你們的還是你們自己。而我的存在，只能說明你們的不幸。”說完了最后的話，那尊塑像忽然像一座大山一樣崩塌了?！居⒄Z譯文】

There

stood

in

a

well-known

ancient

temple

a

huge

statuIt

was

so

tall

that

people

standing

by

were

unable

to

toucheven

its

knees

however

hard

they

tried

to

reach

for

it.

Formany,

many

years,

visitors

couldn"t

help

feeling

so

overawand

dwarfed

at

the

sight

of

it

that

they

looked

to

it

eagerlsalvation.

Having

stood

there

for

several

hundred

years,

the

statue

had

nowcome

to

detest

it

as

a

kind

of

forced

drudgery.

And

it

knew

perfectly

wethat

it

could

do

nothing

whatsoever

to

help

the

suffering

mortal

beingscraving

for

salvation

by

it.

Feeling

bored

as

well

as

ashamed,

it

beganaddress

its

worshippers

at

long

last.

"

O

ye

mortal,

what

a

ridiculous

thing

you"ve

done!

You"ve

created

min

your

own

image,

and

an

image

of

gigantic

dimensions

at

that,

believi

that

I

can

thus

be

powerful

enough

to

rid

you

of

your

worries

and

cares.

As

a

result,

however,

I"ve

become

just

scared

of

you.""

I"ve

every

reason

to

believe

that

it

is

your

lack

of

self-confidenc?has

prompted

you

to

create

me.

Look,

in

what

way

I

am

superior

to

you?

As

a

matter

of

fact,

I

even

lack

what

you

are

equipped

with.

"

"

If

you"re

bold

enough

to

smash

me

to

pieces,

you"ll

see

not

a

singl

drop

of

blood

tricking

down

my

chest.""

Of

course

I"m

also

aware

that

it"s

a

daring

act

of

yours

to

have

created

me,

in

an

attempt

to

make

me

an

accomplice

of

yours

so

that

Ican

join

you

in

hoodwinking

those

who

are

even

weaker

than

you.

"

"

I"ve

enough

of

punishment,

having

been

footed

to

the

spot

forseveral

hundred

years!ever

since

your

forefather

moulded

me,

peoplehave

been

gilding

me

all

over

from

generation

to

generation

to

keep

meglittering

from

top

to

toe.

Nevertheless,

I"m

sick

of

my

present

positi?much

as

I"m

of

hypocrisy.""

Please

smash

me,

or

reduce

me

to

your

size

and

instill

life-giviblood

into

me!

I

would

be

very

grateful

to

you

if

that

could

ever

be

doneBut

it"s

simply

impossible!""

I

hold,

therefore,

that

you

yourselves

only

are

your

saviours,

amy

presence

can

only

mean

your

misfortune.

With

that,

the

statue?crumbled

all

of

a

sudden

like

a

huge

mountain."

（張培基 譯）簡析：

1這是一篇散文隨筆，具有很強的形象寓言性。題目“偶像的話”譯為

“The

Idol

Speaks”，比直譯為“The

Idol"s

Words”或“The

Idol"s

Remarks”生動有力，而且動詞用現(xiàn)在不定式符合英語標題寫法。

2“不由自主地肅然起敬，感到自己的渺小，卑微”譯為“couldn"t

helpfeeling

so

overawed

and

dwarfed”，干脆利落，靈活對等。如譯為

“couldn"t

help

having

a

feeling

of

reverence

and

calling

themselves

pand

low,”似乎有欠簡練?！斑@尊塑像站了幾百年了，他覺得這是一種苦役”譯為

“Having

stood

there

for

several

hundred

years,the

statuehad

now

come

to

detest

it

as

a

kind

of

forced

drudgery”，其中to detest（憎恨）和forced（加強的）均是添加成分，這是按原文 意思的增譯。“而我卻害怕你們”譯為“as

a

result,however,I"ve

become just

scared

of

you”。中文“而”的實際意義是“這樣一來” 或“結(jié)果”，故譯為“as

a

result”，而沒有譯成“in

the meantime”或“and”?！百x予生命所必需的血液”本可譯為“bestow

life-giving

blo upon

me”，但to

bestow與blood似乎搭配不妥，所以改譯為

“instill

life-giving

blood

into

me”，“to

instill…int “把…輸入到…”解?！罢f完了最后的話”譯為“with

that”，或“with

that

last remark、with

these

words”等均可。其中介詞with表示“與此 同時”之意，相當于upon

finishing

these

words.小結(jié)

由于英漢兩種語言的表達習慣不同，在散文翻譯中，許多修辭利用了各自語言的特點，或帶有濃厚的民族特色，這就要求譯者要具備或提高自身文化素養(yǎng)，并且在翻譯中應采取靈活的翻譯策略加以處理?？v觀上述翻譯名篇譯例，譯者在漢語散文翻譯實踐中，不僅要充分理解原作的意義，領(lǐng)悟作者所要抒發(fā)的感情，體味原作語言特色，更應充分考慮兩種語言的不同表達習慣，文化社會背景等因素，重視對原文進行歸化處理，巧妙運用標點符號的轉(zhuǎn)換，句法結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，得體選詞和轉(zhuǎn)換詞類等翻譯技巧，力爭譯出原作的意境、風格和神韻。8.3技巧點撥

一般說來，在翻譯散文作品是時，要從三個方面來再現(xiàn)原作的韻味，傳達原作的神韻：第一，聲響與節(jié)奏。

在文學作品中，尤其是漢語作品中，以聲響節(jié)奏形式所表現(xiàn)出來的語言的審美特征是普遍存在的。如朱自清先生的散文名篇《荷塘月色》中就運用了大量疊音詞等來變現(xiàn)景色的美感，這在翻譯中要體現(xiàn)出來是有困難的，但也是譯者不可忽略的方面。第二，意境和氛圍。

作家孫犁曾說：“狀景抒情，成為散文的意境。意境有高下，正如作者修養(yǎng)有高下，胸襟有廣狹，志趣有崇卑，不可勉強…”。由此可見，意境與氛圍是通過作者在作品中所表達的精神氣質(zhì)、思想情操、審美志趣等營造出來的。這要求我們在翻譯中只有保持和再現(xiàn)原文的這種意境和氛圍，才能使譯文具有和原文類似的審美情趣。第三，個性化的話語方式。

每一位作家都有其獨特的表達的方式，其使用的語言也就形成其自己的語言風格。汪曾祺先生說：“語言決定于作家的氣質(zhì)?！边@對譯者進行散文翻譯來說非常重要。就是說，當我們翻譯一個作家的作品是，通過翻譯他的語言可以再現(xiàn)他的氣質(zhì)，這對一個有藝術(shù)責任心的譯者來說，是不可避免的

下面通過具體分析申雨平英譯散文選段《泥土的微笑》來窺視英譯漢語散文的方法與技巧：

⑴．我在花園里種滿了芬芳的玫瑰花，遠遠望去，像一片燃燒的晚霞。我想等朋友來做客的時候，讓他們攜帶些玫瑰回家。

All

over

my

garden

I"ve

planted

nothing

but

roses,

fragrant

and--If

loat

from

afar--ablaze

with

colour

like

sunset

clouds.

I

would

be

veryhappy

if

any

one

of

my

visiting

friends

should

desire

to

pick

and

takesome

for

their

homes.

解析：譯這一句時要注意中文的說話方式：我......玫瑰花，（我或者人們）遠遠望去，（玫瑰）像一片......，我......讓他們......。中文敘事的角度停變化的，而且，第一部分“我......玫瑰花”重點是在“種滿了”上。譯文考慮了這些因素，將“種滿了”用all

over

my

garden放到句首加以突出，使這一部分所表達的意思在語氣的分量上與原文相當。然后用"I"作為主語，把整句串起來，作為這一段敘述的中心。“我想”是說我的一種愿望，所以譯為I

would

be

very

happy

if...;should是表示將來的一種可能性；fortheir

homes看似與原文不符，但原文的“帶......回家”并不是說帶回去就完事了，而是說要用玫瑰花裝點居室，帶花為的是(for)美化他們的家。⑵．我相信朋友捧著火紅的玫瑰漸漸走遠的背影，一定能點燃易感的情懷。I

trust

that

any

friend

of

minecarrying

the

roses

would

vanish

into

the

distancefeeling

that

his

emotion

had

been

rekindled.

解析：朋友并非特指哪一位，而是任何一位，所以譯為any

friend

of

mine?！包c燃”此處譯為rekindled，而不是kindled，是因為原文含義指人們原先有過的，現(xiàn)已淡忘的“情懷”被重新點燃。⑶．有一天，一位非常要好的女友來探望我，我知道她平素最喜歡花花草草了，臨別時我說，采一束玫瑰點綴你的閨房，保證十里飄香。

A

close

friend

came

for

a

visit

the

other

day.

I

know

herto

be

a

lover

of

flowers

and

plants,

and

for

that

reason

Itold

her

at

her

departure

that

she

should

pick

a

bunch

ofroses

to

decorate

her

boudoir.

I

promised

that

the

scentof

the

roses

would

be

wafted

far,

far

away.解析：“探望我”也可以譯為came

to

visit

me，但cameforavisit更好，既然是come且visit，被訪者當然就是“我了，這句也體現(xiàn)了英語介詞多的特點?！芭选敝蛔g作friend，而在后面某處說girl

friend，是因為英語中g(shù)irlfriend也有“戀愛對象”的意思，為避免誤會，先不譯，而放到后面，譯為That

girl

friend

of

mine。況且作者是男是女我們并不知道?！捌剿刈钕矚g”英語可以說sheloves...，但更合乎習慣的說法是she"s

a

lover

of...，另He"s

a

good

driver是說他開車開得好。for

that

reason是根據(jù)原文的句間含義加上的，把中文的意義關(guān)聯(lián)，改為英

文的形式關(guān)聯(lián)?！笆镲h香”：中文用數(shù)字往往虛指，此

處“十里”便并不表示實際的距離，而是說花香濃郁幽遠，所以譯為would

be

wafted,far

away。⑷．女友輕輕跨進花園，東聞聞，西嗅嗅，神采飛揚，就是不肯采摘。That

girl

friend

of

mine,

tiptoeing

into

the

garden

in

high

spirits,

snihere

and

smelt

there,

but

in

the

end

she

didn"t

pick

a

single

ro解析：中文是一連串的動詞，譯成英文則需要分清幾個動詞的主次，這里“東聞聞，西嗅嗅......不肯采摘”是主要動詞，“進花園”不十分重要，所以用了一個分詞短語處理?！安豢喜烧弊g成英語時必須有賓語，考慮到語

句的連貫，再加上語氣方面的緣故，譯成了didn"t

pick

a

single

rose。⑸．我說沒關(guān)系，多的是，我又不是花店的老板，不會靠玫瑰賺錢的。

I

said

there

were

so

many

of

them

that

she

could

pick

as

many

as

she"dlike

to;

I

told

her

that

I

was

not

a

florist

and

didn"t

make

a

living

out

解析：這里中文的意思是說：你采吧，采多少都沒關(guān)系，因為我這里玫瑰花

多的是，而且我又不是開花店的，不以此謀生。中文的意義關(guān)聯(lián)十分明顯。

根據(jù)這一分析，英文便把“沒關(guān)系”隱去了。make

a

living

out

of:從......謀得生活來源。⑹．說完我就舉起剪刀準備獻美。女友急忙攔住，高聲叫著不可不可。While

saying

so

I

raised

the

scissors

for

the

sacrifice

of

the

flowers,

bvehemently

stopped

me,

crying

no,

no,

no!

解析：while表示的是同時，vehemently表示的是激烈的態(tài)度，句末的感嘆號更是表明了阻止剪花的決心，因為英語里感嘆號用的很少，表示的感情也較為激烈。⑻．她抓緊我的袖子叮嚀：千萬不能剪啊，玫瑰是泥土的微笑，誰忍心殺戮美得醉人的微笑？

With

her

hands

clutching

at

my

sleeves,

she

told

methat

by

no

means

should

they

be

cut.

Roses

are

thesmiling

face

of

the

earth,

and

who

could

be

so

iron-hearted

as

to

destroy

a

smile

so

exhilarating?

解析：這一句的英文分成了兩句，因為從意思上來看，

“千萬不能剪啊”有語氣詞在末尾，語氣較重，單獨

處理較好。后面的兩個“微笑”相互呼應，放到一起

比較合適。⑼．我的靈魂悚然一驚，丑陋的泥土，卑微的泥土，樸素的泥土，因為玫瑰，露出了驚艷一笑。因為這一笑，讓人愛惜非常。

My

mind

was

thoroughly

boggled:

the

ugly

earth,

thehumble

earth,

the

plain

earth--it

is

only

because

of

theroses

that

it

reveals

an

amazing

and

bright

smile,

and

itis

for

the

sake

of

that

smile

that

it

wins

the

care

and

piof

men.

解析：“靈魂”實際指的是心靈、良心，所以英文意為

mind；“悚然”是說由于驚覺、害怕而猶疑，正好是英文

boggle的意思。下面三個“......的泥土”并列為“露出了驚艷一笑”的主語，“因為”后面則是“這一笑”作主語，

“讓人愛惜非?！弊髦^語?！绑@艷”指這種微笑出現(xiàn)在如

此不起眼的泥土里，既使人感到意外，有讓人覺得燦爛無

比，所以譯為amazing

and

bright。這里使用了兩個強調(diào)

句，為的也是突出這種反差。譯這一個句子時考慮得最多

的是中文的松散結(jié)構(gòu)，怎樣合理地轉(zhuǎn)換成英文的句子。下

面一句里，這種松散的特點可以說發(fā)揮到了極致。

⑽．一個朋友在拍賣會上有幸購得一個花瓶，花瓶細頸大肚，碎花藍白調(diào)子，流光溢彩。從造型到色彩，整個如唐朝盛世的化身，雍容，華貴，高傲，悠閑，目空一切。

Of

late

a

friend

of

mine

invited

me

to

appreciate

a

Tang

Dynasty

vasethat

he

was

fortunate

enough

to

have

bought

at

an

auction.

The

vase,with

its

slim

neck,

plump

body,

and

fine

little

flowers

on

a

blue

and

whibackground,

has

a

noble

shape

and

a

rich

colouring,

elegant,

refined,proud,

poised,

and

supercilious,

an

extreme

embodiment

of

theprosperity

of

the

Tang

Dynasty.

解析：這句的重點是看花瓶，花瓶怎么來的就