Unit 5 Music-2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)

Unit5Music—2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合1learnsomenewwordsandexpressions2haveafurtherunderstandingoftheunit3learnandmasterpastparticiple思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.?過(guò)去分詞放在系動(dòng)詞be,?get,?feel,?remain,?seem,?become等后作表語(yǔ)，多為及物動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的，有被動(dòng)意味，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。He?became?annoyed?with?the?students.?他非常生學(xué)生的氣。Are?you?married?or?single??你是已婚還是單身？??He?seems?well?qualified?for?the?job.?他好像非常勝任這個(gè)工作。??2.?少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞也可以作表語(yǔ)，只有完成的意思，也說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。Gone?are?the?days(=The?days?are?gone)when?my?heart?was?young?and?gay.??????我的心又年輕又愉快的日子一去不復(fù)返了。The?sun?is?set.?Let’s?go?home.?太陽(yáng)落山了，我們回家吧。???3.?過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。The?cup?is?broken.?那個(gè)茶杯打碎了。（指茶杯現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，系表結(jié)構(gòu)）????The?cup?was?broken?by?Tom?when?he?took?it?to?the?living?room.那個(gè)是湯姆打碎的，當(dāng)時(shí)他正把它拿到客廳去。（指過(guò)去動(dòng)作，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）4.?與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：??與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞的意思都是“使（某人）……”，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人有某種感覺(jué)的”；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，即“人被引起某種感覺(jué)的”，指人“內(nèi)在的感覺(jué)”。如：interest?意思是“使（某人）感興趣”；interesting?意思為“令人感興趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性質(zhì)；?????interested?表示“感興趣的”，表示人內(nèi)心的感覺(jué)。??????區(qū)別：His?novels?will?interest?everyone?who?reads?them.?他的小說(shuō)會(huì)使每位讀者感興趣。(interest?動(dòng)詞，使......感興趣)?His?novels?are?interesting.?他的小說(shuō)很有趣。(interesting?現(xiàn)在分詞，有主動(dòng)意義，指主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì))?Everyone?will?be?interested?in?his?novels.?每個(gè)人都會(huì)對(duì)他的小說(shuō)感興趣。(interested?過(guò)去分詞，有被動(dòng)意義，指人的感覺(jué))?二、過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的具體用法：（1）過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。Asked?(When?he?was?asked)?what?had?happened,?his?face?turned?red.?當(dāng)他被問(wèn)及發(fā)生了什么的時(shí)候，他的臉紅了。When?heated?(When?it?is?heated),?water?changes?into?steam.?當(dāng)加熱時(shí)，水變成水蒸氣。????Told?that?his?mother?was?ill(When?he?was?told?that?his?mother?was?ill),?Li?Lei?hurried?home?quickly.?李蕾得知母親生病了時(shí)，馬上趕回了家。Seen?from?the?moon(When?it?is?seen?from?the?moon),?the?earth?looks?green.?從月亮上看時(shí)，地球是綠色。（2）過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由as,?since,?because等詞引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Deeply?(Because?they?were)?moved?by?the?movie,?the?children?began?to?cry.??由于被電影深深地感動(dòng)，孩子們哭了起來(lái)。Frightened?(Because?she?was?frightened)?by?the?horror?movie,?the?girl?didn't?dare?to?sleep?alone.?因?yàn)楸惑@悚電影嚇壞了，這個(gè)女孩不敢單獨(dú)睡覺(jué)。Satisfied?with?what?he?did?(Because?the?teacher?was?satisfied?with...),?the?teacher?praised?him?in?class.?由于老師對(duì)他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。??（3）過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句子的前面，相當(dāng)于if,?unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Compared?with?you?(If?we?are?compared),?we?still?have?a?long?way?to?go.??和你們比起來(lái)，我們還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。Grown?(If?these?seeds?are?grown)?in?rich?soil,?these?seeds?can?grow?fast.?如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。Given?a?few?minutes?(If?I?am?given?a?few?minutes),?I'll?finish?it.?再給幾分鐘的時(shí)間，我就會(huì)完成了。（4）過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)以though?/?although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，這類分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)一般放在句子前面。Left?(Although?he?was?left)?at?home,?John?didn't?feel?afraid?at?all.?雖然John被單獨(dú)留在房間里,?他一點(diǎn)都不害怕。????Invited?by?him?(Though?I?was?invited?by?them),?I?won't?take?part?in?the?party.?即使被邀請(qǐng)，我也不會(huì)參加聚會(huì)的。Explained?a?hundred?times?(Although?he?was?explained...),?he?still?can’t?understand?it.?即使給他解釋一百遍，她還是不會(huì)明白。Trained?ten?hours?a?day?(Though?he?was?trained...),?he?will?still?be?a?fool.?即使每天訓(xùn)練十個(gè)小時(shí)，他也還會(huì)是個(gè)傻瓜。??（5）過(guò)去分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不用狀語(yǔ)從句替換，但可以改寫成并列句。????She?walked?out?of?the?house,?(and?she?was)?followed?by?her?little?daughter.??她走出房子，后面跟著她小女兒。(She?was)?Dressed?in?white,?(and)?she?looked?really?pretty.??穿著白衣服，她看起來(lái)確實(shí)很美。練習(xí)：1.Anyonewhocomesthroughourdoorswillbewelcomedwithloveandservice,_____(base)ontheirneedandourcapacitytoprovide.2.Protectivemeasuresarenecessaryifthecity'sculturalheritageistobe______(preserve).3._______(bring)upinabigcity,hefounditquitedifficulttofitinwithcountrylife.4._______(locate)intheeastofChina,Qingdaoisanattractivecity.

5.________(compare)topeoplelivingafewgenerationsago,wehavegreateropportunitiestohaveagoodtime.6._________(commit)tosupportingthestudentsseekingjobs,wewilldosomeactions.7._____(see)fromthemoon,ourearthlookslikeablueball.8.Visitorswere_____(amaze)attheamazingpaintingsthattheguideshowed.9.______(surround)byfields,mountainsandrivers,thetownofHeGangisbeautiful.10.______(bury)deepdownintheearthforthousandsofyears,thedeadforestrottedawayandbecamecoal.答案：1.答案：based解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：任何走進(jìn)我們大門的人都會(huì)獲得愛(ài)和服務(wù)，這取決于他們的需求和我們的能力。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。固定搭配bebasedon意為"根據(jù)……"，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。故填based。2.答案：preserved解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果要保護(hù)城市的文化遺產(chǎn)，保護(hù)措施是必要的。不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞preserve(保護(hù))和主語(yǔ)thecity'sculturalheritage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞preserved和tobe構(gòu)成不定式的被動(dòng)。故填preserved。3.答案：Brought解析：考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:他在大城市長(zhǎng)大,發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)農(nóng)村生活。句中已有謂語(yǔ)found,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bringup意為"撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大"；句子主語(yǔ)he與bringup為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示“他被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填Brought。4.答案：Located解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:位于中國(guó)東部的青島是一個(gè)迷人的城市。belocatedin/at坐落于……,此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填Located。5.答案：Compared解析：根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指與……相比，compareto意為與...相比，又因?yàn)榇颂幨亲鰻钫Z(yǔ)，compareto與主語(yǔ)we之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞compared，comparedto意為與……相比，單詞位于句首首字母大寫。故填Compared。6.答案：Committed解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：致力于支持學(xué)生尋找工作，我們將采取一些措施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)becommittedtodoingsth.意為"致力于做某事"可知，commit與邏輯主語(yǔ)we之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞形式，且位于句首，首字母需大寫。故填Committed。7.答案：Seen解析：考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意:從月球上看,我們的地球像一個(gè)藍(lán)色的球。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,動(dòng)詞see與其邏輯主語(yǔ)ourearth之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填Seen。8.答案：amazed解析：考查-ed形式的形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意:游客們對(duì)導(dǎo)游展示的令人驚嘆的繪畫感到驚奇。主語(yǔ)Visitors指人,所以應(yīng)用形容詞amazed作表語(yǔ)。故填amazed。9.答案：Surrounded解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被田野、山脈和河流環(huán)繞，何崗鎮(zhèn)是個(gè)美麗的地方。分析句子可知空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞surround(環(huán)繞)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)thetownofHeGang之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)使用表示"被動(dòng)"的過(guò)去分詞。故填Surrounded。10.答案：Buried解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被深埋在地下幾千年，死掉的森林枯萎腐爛最終變成了煤炭。分析句子可知，逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的兩個(gè)句子中，后句成分完整，前句缺少主語(yǔ)，由句意推知這里bury的主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ)thedeadforest,考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，而bury與forest之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(森林被埋在地下),應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填Buried。核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接高考1.DuringChina'sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing①_____arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.Theterm"hutong",②_____(original)meaning"waterwell"inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.IntheMingthecenterwastheForbidden③_____(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCitizensofhighersocialclasses④_____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften⑤_____(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwerelinedby⑥_____(space)homesandwalledgardensFartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborersTheirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand⑦_(dá)____(simple)indesignanddecoration,andthehutongswereHutongsrepresentanimportantculturalelementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing'slonghistory⑧_____capitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric⑨_____(event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddentheSummerPalace,andtheofHeaven,thehutongsreflect⑩_____cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.2.Itcantakealittleimaginationtoseehowsomeinnovationsmightchangeaneconomy.NotsowiththelatestAltools.Itiseasy—fromawriter'sperspective,uncomfortablyso—①_____(think)ofcontextsinwhichsomethinglikeChatGPT,acleverchatbotwhich②_____(take)thewebbystormsinceitsreleaseinNovember2022,couldeitherdramaticallyboostahumanworker'sproductivityorreplacethemoutright.TheChatGPTinitsnamestandsfor"generativepre-trainedtransformer",③_____isaparticularkindoflanguagemodel.④_____(feed)hugeamountsofhuman-createdtext,ChatGPTlooksforstatisticalregularitiesinthisdata,learnswhatwordsandphrases⑤_____(associate)withothersandthereforepredictwhatwordsshouldcomenextinanygivensentenceand⑥_____sentencesfittogether.Theresultisamachinethatcanpersuasivelymimic(模仿)humanlanguage.Thiscapacity⑦_(dá)____mimicryallowsChatGPTtowriteessaysandpoetry,thinkupjokes,formulatecode,andanswerquestionswhethertoachildoranexpert.Itsperformanceissoastonishing⑧_____manyoverthepastmonthshavebeenbothcelebratingandpanicking."Essaysaredead,"wrotethecognitivescientistTimKietzmann.OthersclaimthatitwillfinishoffGoogleasasearchengine.Andtheprogram⑨_____thinksitmaybeabletoreplacehumansinjobsfrominsuranceagenttocourtreporter.Nevertheless,thereisan⑩_____(underlie)problemthatfacesanyformofartificialintelligence.Acomputermanipulates(處理)symbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofruleswithwhichtotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother,ortorecognizestatisticalpatterns.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsorpatternsmean.Toacomputer,meaningisirrelevantChatGPT"knows"whatappearsmeaningfultohumans,butnotwhatismeaningfultoitself3.Forcenturies,Tibethasnotbeenexploredasmuchduetoitsremote①_____(locate),extremeclimateandgeographicenvironment.Since2006,theQinghai-TibetRailway②_____(become)themostpopularwaytoconnectTibettotherestofChina.③_____(know)asthe"skyroad"andaman-madewonderintransportation,therailwaybeginsinXiningandendsinLhasa,Thesceneryalongtherailwayoffersnotonlyafeastfortheeyes,butalso④_____journeyforthesoul.QinghaiLakeisthe⑤_____(large)inlandlakeinChina.Beittheblueskyandwater,thegreengrasslandorbreathtakinglandscapes—QinghaiLakehasgreatcharmsthatareworthexploring.Itis⑥_____(definite)aperfectplaceforbirdloversasmanydifferentkindsofbirdsflyhereinMayandJuneduetothemildweather.ThehighpeaksoftheKunlunMountainsarecoveredwithsnowandmistallyearround,⑦_(dá)____(create)anamazingview.Thegeographicandsevereclimaticconditionshavemadethisplacea"forbiddenzoneforhumans",whichisalsoareason⑧_____itsbiodiversity.LhasaoffersalmosteveryaspectofTibetanculture.IfonemustpickanamecardforLhasa,thePotalaPalaceisverylikely⑨____(be)theanswer.NoonecanreallysaythathehasvisitedLhasa⑩_____hehasbeentothePotalaPalace.答案：1.答案：①and②originally③surrounded④werepermitted⑤featured⑥spacious⑦simpler/moresimple⑧as⑨events⑩the解析：①考查連詞。句意:在中國(guó)的王朝時(shí)期,皇帝們規(guī)劃了北京城,并根據(jù)社會(huì)階層安排了居住區(qū)。結(jié)合句意可知,此處前后為并列關(guān)系。故填and。②考查副詞。句意:"胡同"一詞在蒙古語(yǔ)中最初的意思是"水井",最早出現(xiàn)于元朝。此處用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞meaning。故填originally。③考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:在明朝,中心是紫禁城,由內(nèi)城和外城圍繞成同心圓。此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),theForbiddenCity與surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填surrounded。④考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:更高社會(huì)階層的公民被允許居住在離圈子中心更近的地方。結(jié)合句意可知,此處在講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)為Citizens,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,且與permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填werepermitted。⑤考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這些高官和富商的大四合院通常以雕刻精美、彩繪精美的屋頂梁柱為特色。結(jié)合句意和painted可知,句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填featured。⑥考查形容詞。句意:他們組成的胡同井然有序,兩旁是寬敞的房屋和圍墻花園。此處用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞homes。故填spacious。⑦考查比較級(jí)。句意:他們的四合院規(guī)模小得多,設(shè)計(jì)和裝飾也更簡(jiǎn)單,胡同也更窄。結(jié)合句意和smaller可知,此處用比較級(jí)。故填simpler/moresimple。⑧考查介詞。句意:由于北京作為中國(guó)首都的悠久歷史,幾乎每個(gè)胡同都有它的故事,有些甚至與歷史事件有關(guān)。as表示"作為",符合句意。故填as。⑨考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意:由于北京作為中國(guó)首都的悠久歷史,幾乎每個(gè)胡同都有它的故事,有些甚至與歷史事件有關(guān)。結(jié)合句意可知,此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指。故填events。⑩考查冠詞。句意:與紫禁城、頤和園和天壇所代表的宮廷生活和上層文化不同,胡同反映了北京草根階層的文化。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示特指,故用定冠詞。故填the。2.答案：①tothink②hastaken③which④Fed⑤areassociated⑥how⑦for⑧that⑨itself⑩underlying解析：①考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:從作家的角度來(lái)看,很容易想到像ChatGPT這樣的智能聊天機(jī)器人,自2022年11月發(fā)布以來(lái)就在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上掀起了風(fēng)暴,它要么可以極大地提高人類工人的工作效率,要么可以完全取代他們。此處為itbeadj.todosth.句型,不定式作真正主語(yǔ)。故填tothink。②考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:從作家的角度來(lái)看,很容易想到像ChatGPT這樣的智能聊天機(jī)器人,自2022年11月發(fā)布以來(lái)就在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上掀起了風(fēng)暴,它要么可以極大地提高人類工人的工作效率,要么可以完全取代他們?？仗帪槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后文sinceitsreleaseinNovember2022可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與先行詞acleverchatbot保持一致,助動(dòng)詞用has。故填hastaken。③考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意:ChatGPT顧名思義就是"生成式預(yù)訓(xùn)練轉(zhuǎn)換器",這是一種特殊的語(yǔ)言模型。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞TheChatGPT,從句缺少主語(yǔ),指物。故填which。④考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在這些數(shù)據(jù)中尋找統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律,學(xué)習(xí)哪些單詞和短語(yǔ)與其他單詞和短語(yǔ)相關(guān),從而預(yù)測(cè)在任何給定的句子中接下來(lái)應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)哪些單詞,以及句子如何組合。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,feed與邏輯主語(yǔ)ChatGPT構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Fed。⑤考查固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在這些數(shù)據(jù)中尋找統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律,學(xué)習(xí)哪些單詞和短語(yǔ)與其他單詞和短語(yǔ)相關(guān),從而預(yù)測(cè)在任何給定的句子中接下來(lái)應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)哪些單詞,以及句子如何組合?？仗帪橘e語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示"與......相關(guān)"可知短語(yǔ)為beassociatedwith,結(jié)合上文learns可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)wordsandphrases是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填areassociated。⑥考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:在大量的人工文本中,ChatGPT在這些數(shù)據(jù)中尋找統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律,學(xué)習(xí)哪些單詞和短語(yǔ)與其他單詞和短語(yǔ)相關(guān),從而預(yù)測(cè)在任何給定的句子中接下來(lái)應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)哪些單詞,以及句子如何組合?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用how。故填how。