英語(yǔ)商務(wù)函電中的詞匯特征

iiiPAGEiiLexicalFeaturesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondenceStudent:WuYouClass:2011110102Supervisor:Assoc.Prof.DingQingmeiAbstractAsChinaispickingupthepaceinitsreformandopening-uptheseyears,ourforeigntradeandeconomiccooperationwithothercountriesandareashavegreatlyexpanded.ThisexpansionleansmuchonbusinessEnglishcorrespondence,whichplaysavitalroleincommunicationbetweenChinesecompaniesandforeignfirms.ThusitisoftheutmostimportanceforpeoplewhoareengagedininternationalbusinessactivitiestohaveagoodknowledgeofthelanguagefeaturesandwritingtechniquesofpracticalbusinessEnglishcorrespondence.ThispaperaimstohelppeopleconcernedreadandwritebusinessEnglishcorrespondence.Bettersoastomakeinternationalbusinessactivitiesortransactionmorefruitful.Thispaperiscomposedofthreeparts;thefirstchapterisaboutthegeneralintroductionofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence,includingthedefinitionofbusinessEnglishletter,theclassificationofBusinessEnglishCorrespondenceandthefunctionofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence.ItisnotdifficulttodrawthatBusinessEnglishCorrespondenceplaysavitalroleinbusinessactivities.ThesecondchaptermainlyfocusesonthelexicalfeaturesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence,whichisdividedintosevenparts,andthereareusefulexamples.Throughthedetailedexplanation,wewillhaveabetterunderstandingonthelexicalfeaturesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence.ThethirdchapterissuggestionsofBusinessCorrespondencewriting,combiningwiththelexicalfeaturesandthefourwritingprinciplesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence,includingcourtesy,conciseness,clearnessandconcreteness,werediscussedandwritingadviceisputforward.Keywords:lexicalfeatures;businessEnglishcorrespondence;suggestions;商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電的詞匯特征作者姓名：吳優(yōu)班級(jí)：2011110102指導(dǎo)老師：丁清梅副教授摘要隨著中國(guó)正在加快改革開(kāi)放的步伐這些年來(lái),我們與其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部大大擴(kuò)大。這一擴(kuò)張對(duì)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函影響很大,使商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電在中國(guó)公司和外國(guó)公司之間的溝通中扮演了很重要的角色。因此,它對(duì)于從事國(guó)際商務(wù)活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的工具，掌握其中的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和寫(xiě)作技巧對(duì)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電的書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)非常實(shí)用的。本文由三個(gè)部分組成。第一章總體介紹商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函，包括商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函的定義，在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函的功能分類(lèi)。這并不罕見(jiàn)，商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函是商務(wù)活動(dòng)的重要..第二章主要介紹了商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函的詞匯特征，分為七個(gè)部分，例如。通過(guò)詳細(xì)的解釋?zhuān)覀儗?duì)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函的詞匯特點(diǎn)有更好的了解。第三章是提出商務(wù)信函寫(xiě)作的建議,結(jié)合詞匯特點(diǎn)和商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電寫(xiě)作的4C原則—禮貌、簡(jiǎn)潔、清晰具體討論和提出寫(xiě)作建議。關(guān)鍵詞:詞匯特征；商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電；建議ContentsAbstract IIntroduction 11.EnglishBusinessCorrespondence 21.1DefinitionsofBusinessCorrespondence 21.2ClassificationsofBusinessCorrespondence 32.1.1Businessletters 42.1.2Faxorfacsimiletransmission 52.1.3Electronicmail(E-mail) 51.3FunctionsofBusinessCorrespondence 62.LexicalFeaturesofBusinessCorrespondence 72.1ChoiceofCommonorFamiliarWords 82.2ProperUseofTechnicalTermsorSpecializedVocabulary 82.3FrequentUseofAbbreviations 102.4PreferenceofPositiveWordstoNegativeWords 112.5PreferenceofConcreteWordstoAbstractWords 112.6HighFrequencyofPoliteWords 123.SuggestionsforBusinessCorrespondencesWriting 133.1CourtesyinWordsChoosing 133.2Conciseness-MinimumWordsandMaximumResult 143.3Clearness-ConciseExpressionandnoMisunderstanding 143.4ConcretenessofSpecificFacts,FiguresandData 15Conclusion 15Acknowledgements 17WorksCited 18PAGE16LexicalFeaturesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence商務(wù)英語(yǔ)函電的詞匯IntroductionNowadays,businessEnglishcorrespondencehasreceivedmoreandmoreattentionfromlinguistsandbusinessmenaswell.GreatvolumesofbookshavebeendevotedtotheimprovementofbusinessEnglishcorrespondencewritingskills.Alltheresearchersagreethatawell-writtenbusinessletterisveryimportanttothesuccessofthebusinessaffairs.WiththecontinuousdevelopmentofChina'sinternationaltradeandothereconomicactivities,businesscommunicationinChinahasattractedmoreandmoreattention.Oneofthemosteffectivetoolsofbusinesscommunicationisthecommercialcommunication,usedinvariousfieldsofbusinessactivity.Businesscommunicationisusedtocommunicate,conveyinformation,expressfeelings,processingbusiness,helpandmaintainagoodrelationship.Thisisasabridgebetweenauthorsandreaders.Itcanbesaidthatwithoutbusinesscorrespondence,allforeigntradeandinternationalbusinesswillfallapart.InChina,itisestimatedthat,amongthecontractssignedwithforeignfirms,40percentareagreedonthroughbusinesscorrespondenceapproximately.Ininternationalbusiness,businessEnglishwritingisindispensableforthemessagesthroughtelephoneconversationtobeconfirmedinwriting.Inthisprocess,themostversatileandessentialweaponisaneffectiveandefficientletteratdisposal.Therefore,itisnecessaryforpeopleengagedinforeigntradeaffairstohaveagoodcommandofthelanguagefeaturesofbusinessEnglishcorrespondence.Thispaperiscomposedofthreeparts;thefirstchapterisaboutthegeneralintroductionofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence.ThesecondchaptermainlyfocusesonthelexicalfeaturesofBusinessEnglishCorrespondence.ThethirdchapterissuggestionsofBusinessCorrespondencewriting.Formthedetailedexplanations,wecaneasilydrawtheusefulwritingskillsformthispaper,anditishelpfulforbusinessactivities.1.EnglishBusinessCorrespondence1.1DefinitionsofBusinessCorrespondenceFreeColliesDictionarieson-linedefinestheword"correspondence"as"communicationbytheexchangeoflettersorthelettersexchangedinthisway".Thenbusinesscommunicationreferstocommunicationforbusinesstransactions.Somescholarsdefinethephraseinanarrowsense"businesscommunication".YutianChanginhisbooktheEnglishwritingalongletter,itispointedoutthatbusinesscommunicationisstillthemostimportantmeansofcommunicationintoday'sbusinessworld,thoughnotoneofthemostfrequentlyusedcomparedwithE-mailandotherelectronicmethods,whichismoreconvenientandcheap.Itwasobviousthathedoesnotincludethefaxandemailletters.Otherscholarsdefinebusinesscommunicationandextensivesignificance.Withoutbambooluarguesinhisbookoninternationalbusinesscommunication,businesscommunicationreferstothebusinessletters,telegramsandtelexes,usedforinternationalbusiness.However,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,especiallytheimportantprogressofInternettechnology,cabletelexhasbecomehistoryandnowit'shardtofind.Sointhisarticle,thephrase"businesscommunication"or"internationalbusinesscommunicationhasabroadermeaning",itreferstothebusinessletter,faxandE-mailwritteninEnglishandbusinessexchangebetweenbusinesspurposes,particularlyintheareasofimportandexportbusiness.Lettersmeansofcommunicationbehavior,byletterorlettersbetweenbyjournalists.Socanbeusedasacommunicationbehaviorofcommercialcommunicationsbusinessaffairs.Inbusiness,communicationplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopment,internationaltrade.BusinessEnglishletterasoneofthetoolsofcommunication,themostfrequentlyusedbusinessestoparticipateininternationaltradetokeepintouchwitheachother.1.2ClassificationsofBusinessCorrespondenceBusinesscommunicationmaybeclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Accordingtotheclassificationofthemostcommonwayisasfollows:thecontentoftheletter,belowistheadjustmentofthemostfrequentlyused:requestletters,letterstoanswerrequests,claimstoletters,creditinvestigationandcollection,salesletter,employmentlettersandsocialbusinessletters,etc.Accordingtothefunctionsintheprocessofabusinesstransaction,businesscorrespondencemaybeusedineveryphaseofbusinessactivities.Establishbusinessrelations,businessletter.Offerletternegotiations,letters,letters,orderconfirmationletters,letters,payment,shippingandinsuranceletterletters,acknowledgereceiptofthegoodsrequireadjustmentlettersandletters,etc.Accordingtothenatureofthedatasummarizestheeffectsoffourdifferenttypesofinformationthereaderneeds:goodnews,neutralnews,badnewsandpersuasive.Therefore,itisgoodnewsletters,neutralnewsletter,andpersuasiveletters.Goodnewslettersandneutralcommunicationtogetheriscalledthedailymail.Accordingtoleechillocutionaryfunctionclassification,thenewsletterisdividedintofourkinds:competitionletters,lettersofjoy,collaborationandcontradictionofletters.Businesscorrespondencesareofsovariousandrichtypesthatitisimpossibleinthispapertomakeacompleteandperfectclassification.ItisimportanttonotethatthereisaoverlapsometypesofmailtheaboveSuggestions,sosometimesitisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenaletterfromanother.Formalbusinesscommunicationattachesgreatimportancetotheformatandlengthisrelativelylong,coveringtermsandconditionsofthemainimportantissuessuchasnegotiations,chooseagent,complainandclaimforcompensation,etc.;etc.;informalbusinesscorrespondencesmainlydealwithroutineworkandthereforeusuallypaylessattentiontotheformat.1.2.1BusinesslettersIInthisthesis,therearetwotypesofcommercialcommunicationsaccordingtothestyleandtheimportanceofinformationintheformof:formalbusinesscommunicationandinformalbusinessletter.Letteriswrittenorprintedcommunicationaddressedtoaperson,company,etc.,usuallyinanenvelopetomail.Businessletterisatraditionalwayofenterpriseadoptedaftercommunicatewithcustomersandotherbusiness.Businessletterwritingisstillveryimportantinourdailybusinessactivities.Evenintheeraofnetworkcommunication,suchasE-mailandtextmessages,whenitcomestothebottomlineofthecase,aformalbusinessletterwillalwaysbenecessary.Sobusinesslettersareincrediblyimportantinourdailybusiness.1.2.2FaxorfacsimiletransmissionFax,shortenedforfacsimilewhichinLatinmeans"makesimilar",Asacommercialcommunication,itisadocumentcreatedbythespreadofwrittenorprintedtext,throughtheelectricalsignalphotographs,drawingsormap.Althoughthefaxscanningsystemwasinventedinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,faxdidn'tinthebusinessworldforalongtime.Justfaxinthe1980sbecamearegularbusinesscommunication.Withthedevelopmentoftheregularemail,faxasapieceofbusinesscorrespondencestillholdsitshonorableplaceintheofficeandwilllastforatleastsometime.Thisisbecausetousethefaxmachineisthesimplestwaytosendfiles,mostpeoplestillusesomehandwrittenformandsendtheirfaxmachineisthebestchoice.Besides,therestillarealotofdevelopingcountrieswheretheInternetandnewestcomputertechnologiesarenotascommonastheyshouldbe.Indevelopedcountries,somepeoplewillnotevenclosetoacomputeroronlyusesomeverybasiccomputerfunctions,thinklearningtoocomplex.Therefore,insomeofficefaxcanstillisoneofthemostcommontypesofbusinessletters.Inaword,thefaxmachineiseasytouse,simple,thespreadofapagecostslessthansendingaletter,farlowerthanusingovernightCourierorlongdistancephonecall.1.2.3Electronicmail(E-mail)Electronicmails,widelyusedinmodernbusinesscirclesnow,refertocomputer-basedsystemwherebyonecomputersendsamessagetoanother.TherecentrapidexpansionoftheInternethasbroughtalargenumberofpeopleandbusinessfirmstogetherunderonenetwork.Theysendletters,reports,graphicsandsoonthathavebeenpreparedoncomputersorwordprocessorsviatheInternetintheirdailybusinesslivesbecausethecostofInternetisrelativelylowandthemessagecanbesenttomanypeopleatthesametimeandreceivedinstantlyattheotherterminal.TheRadicatiGroup,Inc.hasreleasedanewstudyinAugust2008,whichrevealsthatthenumberofworldwideemailusersisincreasedfrom1.3billionin2008toalmost1.8billionby2012.TheglobalE-mailtrafficin210billionreached210billionmessagesaday.By2012,thatnumberhasdoubled,to419billionmessagesaday.In2008,63%ofalltrafficfromconsumers,37%ofthecompany.Thisstudydoesdemonstratehowemailisreiningtheworldofcorrespondence.Sincetheemailintoourbusinesslife,businesscommunicationhasbeenchanging.PeoplesaytheInternetandemailshavechangedthewholeworld,andthere'snowonderthatbusinesscorrespondenceisapartofthechange.1.3FunctionsofBusinessCorrespondenceCommercialcommunicationsusedtosellproductsorservices,requestmaterialorinformation,answercustomerinquiries,maintaingoodpublicrelations,foravarietyofotherbusinessfunctions.First,businesscommunicationsfunctionsasaneffectivewaytocommunicateandretentionofinformation.Althoughoralcommunicationcanalsogivemessageacrossandmanyoftheseactivitiescanbehandledoverthephoneorinperson,fewbusinesspeoplehavethetimetovisiteveryclientpersonally,especiallywhentheyaredoingforeignbusiness,andlongdistancetelephonecallscanbeexpensive.And,moreimportantly,itisobservedthatabout25%ofthepeoplecanonlykeepwhattheyhear,andthemessageeasilyforgottenormisunderstoodalotifonlyrelyonverbalcommunication.Asaresult,thecorrespondingsecurityremainsthebestform,yourinformationisaccurate,especiallyifyou'readescriptiontechnologyorhighlydetailedinformation.Secondly,businesscommunicationfunctionasawrittencontract,fullyrealizethecourt.Lettersusuallysettheagreementbetweenthecompanyandindependentsupplierorconsultant.Theyarebindingonbothparties.Forexample,inthiscase,thebuyer'scounter-offeroractiveorderofsellers,containsallthenecessarytermsandconditions,theseller'sacceptanceoftheendofthedeal.Therefore,theagreementisbindingonbothpartiesofthecontract.Third,thebusinesscommunicationaspartofacompany'spermanentrecord.Itcanbeusedtoverifybookkeepingandinventoryitems.Ifyouhavequestionsaboutcustomerordersordetailsoftheagreement,ortosomeoneinquirywhetheranswer,youcancheckyourfilecopyoftheletter.Youcannotdothesamewithaphoneconversationunlessyourecordeveryoutgoingandincomingcall.Lastly,Commercialcommunicationasformalorinformalpublicrelationsmaterials.Itcanhelptheauthorandhisclientsestablishagoodrelationship,creditors,suppliers,andotherpublicbodies.Theselettersrevealtheauthor'sideas,evenhispersonality,hemightnevermeettheindividualoronthephonecall.Hehowtoexpresshimself,whatheUSESthelanguagestyleinhisletterofimpressioninthereader'smind.HeandhisbusinessInfact,everyletterfulfillsseveralfunctions.Therefore,businesscommunicationshouldconsideratecareandattention.2.LexicalFeaturesofBusinessCorrespondence2.1ChoiceofCommonorFamiliarWordsSpecializedvocabularyortermusuallyreferstoexpressionorwordisusedinsomecertainthings,especiallyinthefieldofprofessionalknowledge.Businesscommunicationmainfunctionistotransmitinformationrelatedtoimportandexportbusiness,importandexportrelatedalotofprofessionalvocabularyisoftenused,andmanyofthesimplifiedform.Inadditiontotheinevitableprofessionalvocabulary,familiarwithcommonwordsorcommercialcommunicationfirstchoice,becausetheyareeasytounderstand.Positivewordsandphrasesfirstchoice,becausetheycancreateapleasanttoneandhelptocreateanidealpsychologicaleffectsaudiencesowelltherelationshipbetweentheauthorandtheaudienceislikelytosetupandmaintenance.Inthepast,peopleoftenassumethattheymustsound"commercial",intheirworkseriously,sotheoldcommercialcommunicationlanguageisoftenlongandcomplicated.Theseletterseasytoconfusethereaders.Todayweknowthatifwewanttobeunderstood,weneedtousewordsthatweallunderstand,thatmeanusingfamiliar,everydayandeasy-to-readcommonwords.Familiarorcommonwordsarethoseoftenusedbyordinarypeopleintheirdailylife.Whenusingthesewords,thereadercaneasilyunderstandthemeaning.Difficultwordsoresotericwordsarethosethatarenotverycommonlyusediscommon.Sobusinessletterwriting,weshouldavoidtouseslangwordsorwordsorcommercialterms,becausetheseweirdlanguageformoftenobstructthecommunicationbetweenthewriterandthereader.2.2ProperUseofTechnicalTermsorSpecializedVocabularyAtechnicalwordisessentiallyonethatis"recognizablyspecifictoaparticulartopic,fieldordiscipline".AmoreprecisedefinitionofspecializedvocabularyhasbeengivenbySalager,whostatesthatinaparticulardisciplineitconsistsof"thosehigh-frequency,context-bound,ortopic-dependenttermsparticulartoagivenspecialty."Inbusinesscorrespondence,specializedvocabularyortechnicaltermsarepreferredtomakethecommunicationmoreefficientwhenthewriterandthereceiversharethesamefieldofknowledge,otherwisetheyhavetouseverylongwordsandphrasestoexpressit.Sincethesetechnicaltermsusuallypossessahighdegreeofspecializationandhaveadefinitemeaning,theyarenotlikelytobemisunderstood.Everyprofessionhasitsownvocabulary.Fulltermincludesthemeaningofthewordisclearlytechnologyandpeopleinaparticulararea,butmaynotbepeopleotherthanotherareas.Whenwritingabusinessmanengagedintextileimport,technicalterm"nylon"moreconciseandaccurate"typeofsyntheticpolyamidematerialbycopolymerizationcarboxylicacidwithdiamond".Similarly,whenthesellerandthebuyerarenegotiatingbusinessconcerningmachineparts,thetechnicaltermssuchas"roll","cylinder"and"winder"canbefrequentlyusedwhiletheordinarypeoplemaybeconfusedbysuchterms.Somefullytechnicaltermsconcerninginternationalsettlementareletterofcredit(oftenabbreviatedasL/C),billoflading(oftenabbreviatedasB/L),etc.Actuallymostofthesetechnicaltermshavetheirlegalexplanationsandcanbeusedaslegalbasiswhensomedisputesarise.Forexample,abillofladingisawrittendocumentissuedbytheshippingcompany.Itisthegoodsreceiptandevidenceofthecontractofcarriagebetweentheshipperandthecarrier.Italsorepresentstheownershipofthegoods.Inordertostandardizeusingbilloflading,thereareseveralinternationaltreatiesontheissueofthebillofladingandtransfer.Thiscategorycomprisesthosetermswhicharetobeknownbythelayperson,forexample,goods,packing,insurance,contract,delivery,etc.obviouslytechnicalbutarelikelyshipment,payment,invoice,price,Withthedevelopmentofmarketeconomy,thesetermsrelatedtointernationalbusinessaremoreandmorelikelytobeknownbytheordinarypeopleandthereforefrequentlyusedintheEnglishbusinesscorrespondence.Thiscategoryconsistsofwordswhichcouldbesaidtobe"cryptic"inthattheyhaveahiddentechnicalmeaningininternationaltrade.ThesetermscomefromordinaryEnglishyetmanyofthemhavechangedtheirmeanings.Sowehavetobeverycarefulandjudgetheirmeaningsaccordingtothecontext.Forexample,"policy"asacommonwordindailyEnglish,means"aplanofactionadoptedorpursuedbyanindividual,government,party,business"Anotherclassicexampleisthe"average".InplainEnglish,themeaningof"average"is"thetypicalornormalquantity,quality,degree,etc.",suchasaveragespeed,andininternationaltrade,themeaningof"average"iscompletelydifferent,thismeansthat"lossofordamagetotheshiporitscargoatsea,fairsharelossbetweenthedictionary.Theusualtermsrelatedtotheinterestedparties"(Colliesthe"average"are"ParticularAverage"(單獨(dú)海損)and"GeneralAverage"(共同海損)Inbusinesscorrespondence,othercryptictechnicaltermsinclude"order","offer""quotation","negotiation”,“commission","draft","cover","discount"etc.Soitisveryimportanttonoticethedifferentmeaningsofthesetermsinbusinesscontext.2.3FrequentUseofAbbreviationsAbbreviationsareshortenedorcontractedformsofwordsorphrasesusedinplaceofthewholetomakelanguageeasyoruncomplicated.Traditionally,theseabbreviationsareseldomfoundinformalbusinesscorrespondences.However,today'sbusinesscorrespondenceismuchlessformal,andthuswordstendtobelessformalandsomecommonlyusedabbreviationshavealsobeenaccepted.Thesimplifiedformandabbreviationsaregraduallyevolvedoftenusecommonwords,phrase,ornounandcomplicatedmeaning,becausetheyareverycommon,wecanfindtheminthedictionary.Simplifiedformsandabbreviationsarefavoredinthebusinesscorrespondencebecauseexpressionsinthebusinesscorrespondencearerequiredtobeshortandconciseandreachthepointincommunication.Otherwise,therearemanyredundanciesinlanguageitself.Inthecollectedfaxesandemails,twokindsofsimplifiedformsandabbreviationsareused:standardabbreviationsandnonstandardabbreviations.Inthepresentstudy,standardabbreviationsrefertothosegenerallyacceptedshortenedandsimplifiedwords.Theyareconsidered"standard"becausetheyhaveadefinitemeaningininternationalbusinessandarenotlikelytobemisunderstood;Asaresult,theyarewidelyacceptedbusinessletters.Forexample,thetotalprice(FOBGermanport)isDM8,819.00.Theamountof52752.00eurostot/tpaymentdirectlybythelineaftershipment."Delivery"ofstandardabbreviations"freeonboard",atradetermsthismeansthatthesellertofulfillstheobligationinthedeliveryofthegoodsattheportofshipment(anyGermanport)ofsample,thebuyerbearallthecostsandrisks.Accordingtointernationalpractice,theabbreviationFOBdistinguishesveryclearlytherespectiverightsandobligationsaswellascostsandrisksofeachpartyinvolved,sothewriterandthesellerwillnotwastetimerepeatingthesepoints."T/T"istheabbreviationof"TelegraphicTransfer",acommonlyadoptedmodeofpaymentininternationaltradewhichmeansthatthemoneyisremittedthroughabankinthemanneroftelegraphictransfer.2.4PreferenceofPositiveWordstoNegativeWordsDifferentwordsandexpressions,Evenifthemeaningisthesame,youcanperformdifferentfunctions,becausevocabularyisnotonlytheliteralmeaning,andemotionalimpact.Recommendedconditionsandpositivewordscancreateapleasanttoneandhelptocreateanidealpsychologicaleffectonthereader'smind.Thefollowingisapositivewords:congratulations,convenient,advantage,effort,cooperation,good,satisfactory,sincere,guarantees,friends,happy,happy,happyhappy,happy,qualified,right,andsoon.Assomewordshaveapositivemeaning,othersmeansnegativethoughts,mayleadtoresistanceandotheradversereactions.Thesewordsandphrasestoexpressnegativetoneasfollows:unreasonable,unfair,fail,wrong,error,delay,unfair,unable,difficulty,claim,mistake,problem,regret,sorry,etc.2.5PreferenceofConcreteWordstoAbstractWordsAnabstractwordisawordwhichdenotessomethingintangible,thenameofquality(e.g.wickedness,wit,etc.objectasopposedtoaqualityandaconcretewordisonethatnamesanattribute.Herearetwoexamples:1)Ifno,canfactoryshipourothercolorgarmentonApril26'06?2)Wewillwireyouthemoneythroughourbanksoon.Intheabovetwosentences,sentence1)Aconcretewordisgivenandthereaderiseasytomaketheexactdateclear.Whileinsentence2)Thisexampleistakenfromareplytoaletterurgingtopaythemoneyforthegoods;thewordunderlinedisanabstractwordsoasnottoanswerthequestionaboutpaymentdirectly.Theword"soon"issogeneralthatthereaderscannotmaketheexactdateclear.Obviously,sentence1)isfoundmoreconcretethansentence2).Thisisthefirstlexicalfeatureofpreferenceofconcretewordstoabstractwordswediscussinthisthesis.2.6HighFrequencyofPoliteWords“Yourattentionwillbeveryhighlyappreciated”.“Wouldyoupleasesendusalatestcatalogue?”Underlinedwordsarepositiveandpolitewords.Differentexpression,eveniftheyreallymeanthesame,youcanperformdifferentfunctions.Inbusinesscommunicationactivevocabularyisusedinsteadofthenegative.ThisisthelexicalfeatureofEnglishbusinesscorrespondencewewilldiscussinthissection.What'smore,accordingtothe"courtesy"principleofbusinessEnglishwriting,theuseofnegativewordsinbusinessEnglishcorrespondenceisbelievedtobeimpolite.So,wemayfindexpressionslike"Ourproductsareoffinequality"ratherthan"Ourproductsarenotdefective".Usepositivepolitewordscanbeexplainedbyapragmatictheory,inwhichwecan'tignoreLeech'spolitenessprinciplecommunicativebehaviorofsocialmanagement.Politenessprincipleisformulatedasfollows:Alettertoexpresstherefinedandpolitelanguagecanhelptheauthorsetuptheimageofanhonestenthusiasm,hasthegoodartappreciationandprofessionalethicsinthereader'seyeswillbeverygladtocooperatewiththewritersandtheircompany.Althoughtheauthor'sintentionisgoodandsincereapologytothenegativecommentshighlightsoobvious,theyalwaysremindthereader'sunfortunateresults.Therefore,thesewordsareunnecessary.Sowhenwechangetheabovetwosentencestothefollowing,theeffectsarebeyonddoubtquitedifferent:1b)Iwanttoapologizefortheorderwedelivered.2b)wearetrulysorryabouttheexperienceyouhadwiththemixer.(FangChunxiang,2005:71)3.SuggestionsforBusinessCorrespondencesWriting3.1CourtesyinWordsChoosingCourtesymeanstreatingpeoplewithrespectandfriendlyhumanconcern.Thewriterstakeintoconsiderationthereaders'desire,problems,circumstances,emotionsandprobabletheappropriatereactionstotheirrequests.Akeyfactorwritingforaneffectivebusinessletteristoadoptakindofgenuineservice.Therecipientsofbusinesslettersappreciatethegenuinedesireofthewriters,whichshowsthattheycareabouttherecipient'sinterests.Developmentofpoliteletterinvolvesavarietyofspecifictechniques,suchasusepoliteexpression,positivewordsandsentencesforcertain,yourattitudeandtheactivevoice.TheprincipleofcourtesyinbusinesscorrespondencereflectsthemodestymaximofPolitePrinciplewhichindicatesthatinlanguagecommunication,somepart