2024屆江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市高三上學(xué)期一?？荚囉⒄Z試題【含答案解析】

2024屆江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市高三上學(xué)期一模考試英語試題第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How

much

is

the

shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whomadethecall?A.Thewoman’sworkmate.B.Theman’sassistant.C.Theman’sboss.2.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithabouttherestaurant?A.Thefood.B.Theprice.C.Theservice.3.Howsoonwillthetrainleave?A.Intenminutes.B.Infifteenminutes.C.Inthirtyminutes.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Ataclothingstore.B.Atabookstore.C.Atthecleaner’s.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Heroes.B.Festivals.C.Countries.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthisyear’ssingingcompetition?A.It’llbeintense.B.It’llbeboring.C.It’llberelaxing.7.Whatisthewoman’sroleinthecompetition?A.Aparticipant.B.Anaudience.C.Anorganizer.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatledtothepostponementofthematch?A.Theoccupationofthefield.B.Theabsenceofsomeplayers.C.Theresultofthebadweather.9.Whatdothespeakershopetodo?A.Watchamatch.B.Helptheorganizers.C.Playfootball.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatise-friends?A.Achatsite.B.Alearningsite.C.Ablogsite.11.Whydoesthemandislikee-friends?A.Itchargestoomuch.B.There’retoomanyadvertisements.C.Heprefersface-to-facecommunication.12.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Shareherphotos.B.Makemorenewfriends.C.Persuadethemantousee-friends.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatwillthewomanbebusydoinginApril?A.Workinginastation.B.Preparingforherbusiness.C.Openinganewschool.14.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Visittheman.B.Calltheman.C.Gotoheroffice.15.Whatisthewomancaremostaboutrentingtheplace?A.Thelocation.B.Therent.C.Thesize.16.Whichplacemaythewomanchoose?A.Theonecloseto

the

newly-openedshop.B.The

onenear

the

LongwoodStation.C.The

oneon1200MasonBoulevard.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoarethelistenersmostlikelytobe?A.Newemployees.B.Electronicengineers.C.Seniorsalesrepresentatives.18.Whatwillbetalkedaboutfirst?A.Salesrecords.B.Companyhandbooks.C.Departmentpoliciesandprocedures.19.Whatwillthelistenersdointheafternoon?A.Meetthecolleagues.B.Dogroupactivities.C.Makeworkplans.20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?A.Toadjusttheschedule.B.Todoaself-introduction.C.Tomaketoday’sarrangements.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AThebookswrittenandpublishedinthe1920sremainonthe“bestever”lists.Hereare4booksthateveryoneshouldread.TheGreatGatsbyThethemesinthenovelreflectthesuddenchangeinthecharacterofAmericaitself,andinsomewaysit’samongthefirstmajormodernnovelsproducedinthiscountry.Thenovelalsomakesanewandpowerfulconceptclearatthetime:TheAmericanDream,theideathatself-mademenandwomencouldmakethemselvesintoanythinginthiscountry.AFarewelltoArmsThestoryisoneofaloveaffairinterruptedanddoggedbyeventsbeyondthelovers’control,andacentralthemeisthepointlessstruggleoflife—thatwespendsomuchenergyandtimeonthingsthatfinallydon’tmatter.Hemingwaymasterfullycombinesarealisticdescriptionofwarwithsomeabstractliterarytechniques,whichisonereasonwhythisbookenduresasaclassic.UlyssesWhenpeoplemakelistsofthemostdifficultnovels,Ulyssesisalmostcertainlyonthem.TheonethingalmosteveryoneknowsaboutUlyssesisthatitemploys“streamofconsciousness”,aliterarytechniquethatseekstoshowtheinnermonologueofaperson.JamesJoycewasn’tthefirstwritertousethistechnique,buthewasthefirstwritertoattemptitonthescaleashedid.Mrs.DallowayIttakesplaceonasingledayinthelifeofthemaincharacter,anditemploysadenseandtrickystream-of-consciousnesstechnique,roaming(漫游)aroundtoothercharactersandpointofview.Mrs.Dallowayisconcernedwithusingthesetechniquestomakethecharactersclearanddefinite.Theuseofstreamofconsciousnessisdeliberatelydisorientinginthewayitskipsthroughtime.1.Whichbookshowsusthetruthofdailylifeconflicts?A.Ulysses. B.Mrs.Dalloway.C.TheGreatGatsby. D.AFarewelltoArms.2.WhatdoUlyssesandMrs.Dallowayhaveincommon?A.Theysharethesameliterarytechnique.B.Theyshowanewandpowerfulconcept.C.Theydescribethedailylifeofthecharacter.D.Theyareonthelistofthemostdifficultnovels.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inabiography. B.Inahistorybook.C.Inatravelbrochure. D.Inaliteraturemagazine.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了依舊經(jīng)典四本20世紀(jì)20年代出版的書：《了不起的蓋茨比》《永別了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《達洛威夫人》，分別從小說主題、文學(xué)技巧和創(chuàng)新等角度進行了分析?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AFarewelltoArms部分中“Thestoryisoneofaloveaffairinterruptedanddoggedbyeventsbeyondthelovers’control,andacentralthemeisthepointlessstruggleoflife—thatwespendsomuchenergyandtimeonthingsthatfinallydon’tmatter.(故事講述的是一段愛情被戀人無法控制的事件打斷和糾纏，中心主題是生活中毫無意義的掙扎——我們在那些最終無關(guān)緊要的事情上花費了如此多的精力和時間)”可知，該書探討了生活中沖突的真相，即我們在那些最終無關(guān)緊要的事情上花費了過多精力和時間。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ulysses部分中“TheonethingalmosteveryoneknowsaboutUlyssesisthatitemploys“streamofconsciousness”,aliterarytechniquethatseekstoshowtheinnermonologueofaperson.(關(guān)于《尤利西斯》，幾乎每個人都知道的一件事是，它采用了“意識流”，這是一種文學(xué)技巧，旨在表現(xiàn)一個人的內(nèi)心獨白)”以及Mrs.Dalloway部分中“Ittakesplaceonasingledayinthelifeofthemaincharacter,anditemploysadenseandtrickystream-of-consciousnesstechnique,roaming(漫游)aroundtoothercharactersandpointofview.(它發(fā)生在主角一生中的某一天，它采用了一種密集而微妙的意識流技巧，漫游到其他人物和視角)”可是，這兩本書的共通之處在于是使用相同的文學(xué)技巧——意識流寫作手法。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了依舊經(jīng)典的四本20世紀(jì)20年代出版的書：《了不起的蓋茨比》《永別了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《達洛威夫人》，分別從小說主題、文學(xué)技巧和創(chuàng)新等角度進行了分析，并建議讀者去閱讀。故推斷文章出自于一本文學(xué)雜志。故選D。BSomepeoplegetmoreaversetoriskastheyearsgoby.

NotsoGailMacCallum,whoatage40quitasecurejobandleftthecitytoexploremorepossibilitiesoflife.MacCallummovedquiteabitinchildhoodandspentherformativeyearsoutsideCanberrainafarmhousewithoutelectricity,wheresheenjoyedthefreedomofthenaturalworld.Inherteens,sheandherfamilymovedintotheheartofinner-citySydney,andshefoundsheadoredthattoo.In2015,MacCallumandherthenpartnerhadadaughter,Amelia.Theywantedtomakesurethatdespitebeingacitykid,Ameliahadplentyofnaturalencounterssotheysoughtoutplacestoclimbtrees,watchlizardsandspotturtles.ButonedayMacCallumrealisedherlittlegirlwasmoreateasewithbusystreetsthanbushland.“Whenshewasaboutseven,wewerevisitingafriendwhoseplacehadabeautifullawn.Ameliacalledouttomeandsaid,‘Ican’tgointothewild!’WedecidedwehadtoletherexperienceawiderworldandtwomonthslaterwewereinacampervanheadingoffaroundAustralia.”MacCallumadmitsshefeltworried.“Ithoughtwe’dneedtoknowsomebasicthingsbutthetripwaslikealeapinthedark.”Asithappened,thevanthey’dboughtbrokedownjust90minutesintothetrip.Butafterrepairstheysetoffagainandtravelledthecountryforsixmonths,duringwhichAmeliabecameanenthusiasticadventurer.“Thattriphelpedmeunderstandthatsuccessdoesn’thavetobeassured,”MacCallumsays.“Irealisedthatyoucanstartsomethingandjustworkitoutasyougoalong.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1mean?A.Motivated. B.Confident. C.Unwilling. D.Regretful.5.WhatdoweknowaboutMacCallum?A.Sheisapersoninfavorofstability.B.Shepreferredtheinnercitytotheruralarea.C.Herlovefornaturewasrootedinherchildhood.D.Sheknewmuchaboutlong-distancetravelling.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Ameliawasraisedinacasualway.B.Ameliawasanatureenthusiastjustlikeherparents.C.MacCallumandherpartnerplannedthetripseparately.D.MacCallumexpectedherdaughtertobeclosetonature.7.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheirtrip?A.Costlybutsatisfying. B.Eventfulbuteducational.C.Boringbutmeaningful. D.Difficultbutromantic.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了GailMacCallum40歲時辭去了一份穩(wěn)定的工作，離開了這座城市，去探索更多的生活可能性，她和丈夫以及女兒在一輛露營車?yán)锃h(huán)游了澳大利亞?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“toriskastheyearsgoby”以及“NotsoGailMacCallum,whoatage40quitasecurejobandleftthecitytoexploremorepossibilitiesoflife.(GailMacCallum卻不是這樣，她在40歲時辭去了一份穩(wěn)定的工作，離開了這座城市，去探索更多的生活可能性)”可知，后文舉出了MacCallum的例子，雖然40歲了，但是她還是去探索更多的可能性了，說明隨著歲月的流逝，有些人越來越不愿冒險。故劃線詞意思是“不愿意的”。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“MacCallummovedquiteabitinchildhoodandspentherformativeyearsoutsideCanberrainafarmhousewithoutelectricity,wheresheenjoyedthefreedomofthenaturalworld.(童年時，MacCallum經(jīng)常搬家，在堪培拉郊外的一間沒有電的農(nóng)舍里度過了她的成長歲月，在那里她享受著自然世界的自由)”可知，MacCallum對大自然的熱愛源于她的童年。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WedecidedwehadtoletherexperienceawiderworldandtwomonthslaterwewereinacampervanheadingoffaroundAustralia.(我們決定讓她體驗更廣闊的世界，兩個月后，我們就在一輛露營車?yán)锃h(huán)游了澳大利亞)”可推知，MacCallum希望她的女兒能親近大自然。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asithappened,thevanthey’dboughtbrokedownjust90minutesintothetrip.Butafterrepairstheysetoffagainandtravelledthecountryforsixmonths,duringwhichAmeliabecameanenthusiasticadventurer.“Thattriphelpedmeunderstandthatsuccessdoesn’thavetobeassured,”MacCallumsays.“Irealisedthatyoucanstartsomethingandjustworkitoutasyougoalong.”(碰巧的是，他們買的面包車在出發(fā)90分鐘后就拋錨了。但修好后，他們又出發(fā)了，在全國旅行了六個月，在此期間，阿米莉亞成為了一個熱情的冒險家。MacCallum說:“那次旅行讓我明白，成功并不一定是必然的。我意識到，你可以開始做一件事，然后邊做邊解決?！?”可推知，他們的旅行充滿變故但有教育意義。故選B。CLatenights,earlystarts,nightmares,anxiety,children...therearesomanythingsthatcancutintoourshut-eye.Whendoesthatthreatenourhealth—andwhatcanwedoaboutit?Tostartwiththebasics:ifyouaregettinganywherefromseventoninehoursanight,you’reprobablyfine.Butyoushouldcertainlygetconcernedwithconsistentlysleepinglessthansevenhoursanight,andreallyconcernedifitdroppedtosixorbelow.“Ifyouarewakingupalotinthenight,thiswillimpactthequantityandqualityofyoursleep,whichcanleadtoharminyourimmunesystem,impairmentingut(腸道)healthandmanyotherside-effects,”saysChristopherBarker,apersonaltrainerandsleepmanagementadviser.“Itmaybeanindicatorofasleepdisorderoranotherunderlyinghealthcondition—ifyou’reconcernedaboutanyoftheseissues,it’sworthtalkingtoyourdoctor.”SowhatisyourbestbetforcatchingsomequalityZs?Well,startduringtheday.Trytoexposeyourselftosunlightduringthedaytokeepyourcircadianrhythmsontrack.Physicalactivitycanalsohelp:sleepandexercisehaveabidirectionalrelationship.Ina2022poll,participantswhoundertookvigorousphysicalactivitytendedtofallasleepfaster,wokeuplessduringthenightandwokeupfeelingrefreshed,comparedwithnon-exercisers.Whenit’stimeforbed,makesureyouturninatareasonablyconsistenthour,andkeepyoursleephygieneinshape.“Youshouldtrytokeepyourweekendroutinewithinonetotwohoursofyourweekdayone,andkeepthemhighlyconsistent,”saysBarker.“I’dalsosuggestkeepingyourbedroomfreeofelectronics,andkeepitcoolanddark.Ioftenworkwithathletes,andoneofthefirstthingsIaskthemtodoisactivatetheirdevices’nightmode,whichcutsdownontheemissionofbluelightthatcanimpedesleep.Ideally,stayoffallofyourdevicesforanhourbeforebed.”O(jiān)h,andtakingadeepbreathreallycanwork:thereisevidencethatitactivatesyourparasympatheticnervoussystem(副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))andwindsyoudown.8.Whydoestheauthormention“somanythings”inthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Tomakecomparisons.C.Tosupporthis/herargument. D.Toseekopinions.9.Whatmaybeanindicatorofasleepdisorder?A.Deepbreath. B.Gutdiscomfort.C.Sufficientbedtime. D.Sleepconsistency.10.HowcanwegetqualityZs?A.Exerciseregularly. B.Workwithathletes.C.Keepweekendsbusy. D.Activatedigitaldevices.11.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Stressfromapoorsleep.B.Trendofsleepinglessatnight.C.Badhabitsthatthreatenourhealth.D.Waystogetaconsistentgoodsleep.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠障礙對身體的傷害以及介紹了如何獲得持續(xù)良好睡眠的方法的方法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Whendoesthatthreatenourhealth—andwhatcanwedoaboutit?(這什么時候會威脅到我們的健康——我們該怎么辦？)”以及第三段第一、二、三句話“SowhatisyourbestbetforcatchingsomequalityZs?Well,startduringtheday.Trytoexposeyourselftosunlightduringthedaytokeepyourcircadianrhythmsontrack.(那么，如果你想睡個好覺，最好的辦法是什么呢？從白天開始。試著在白天把自己暴露在陽光下，保持你的生理節(jié)奏在正常的軌道上)”可推知，文章第一題段提出的“這些事情”是為了讓人們意識到睡眠問題，從而引出本文的主旨“提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句話““Ifyouarewakingupalotinthenight,thiswillimpactthequantityandqualityofyoursleep,whichcanleadtoharminyourimmunesystem,impairmentingut(腸道)healthandmanyotherside-effects,”saysChristopherBarker,apersonaltrainerandsleepmanagementadviser.“Itmaybeanindicatorofasleepdisorderoranotherunderlyinghealthcondition—ifyou’reconcernedaboutanyoftheseissues,it’sworthtalkingtoyourdoctor.”(私人教練和睡眠管理顧問克里斯托弗?巴克表示:“如果你夜里醒來次數(shù)很多，就會影響睡眠的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，這可能會損害你的免疫系統(tǒng)，損害腸道健康，以及許多其它副作用。”?！斑@可能是睡眠障礙或其他潛在健康問題的一個指標(biāo)——如果你擔(dān)心這些問題中的任何一個，就值得和你的醫(yī)生談?wù)??！?”可知，睡眠的連貫性或者說睡眠質(zhì)量是睡眠障礙或其他潛在健康問題的一個指標(biāo)。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句話“Physicalactivitycanalsohelp:sleepandexercisehaveabidirectionalrelationship.Ina2022poll,participantswhoundertookvigorousphysicalactivitytendedtofallasleepfaster,wokeuplessduringthenightandwokeupfeelingrefreshed,comparedwithnon-exercisers.(體育活動也有幫助：睡眠和鍛煉有雙向關(guān)系。在2022年的一項民意調(diào)查中，與不鍛煉的人相比，進行劇烈體育活動的參與者往往入睡更快，夜間醒來更少，醒來時感覺神清氣爽)”可知，定期的運動能夠幫助我們獲得高質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Latenights,earlystarts,nightmares,anxiety,children...therearesomanythingsthatcancutintoourshut-eye.Whendoesthatthreatenourhealth—andwhatcanwedoaboutit?(熬夜、早起、噩夢、焦慮、孩子……有很多事情會影響我們的睡眠。什么時候會威脅到我們的健康——我們能做些什么呢?)”和第三段“SowhatisyourbestbetforcatchingsomequalityZs?

(那么，要想睡個好覺，最好的辦法是什么呢？)”，結(jié)合全文，可知本文主要介紹了睡眠問題對身體的傷害以及介紹了如何獲得持續(xù)良好睡眠的方法。故選D。DImagineyou’reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingtofindarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?Naturallycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour”.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”.Psychologyresearch

suggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatternsbetweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite(前提)isthehumanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse’smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.Contrarytotheso-called“wisdom

ofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(信息瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational(不理性的)orsimplystupidbehaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingunfavorable

influencesonconsumerchoices,?likeintherestaurantexampleabove.However,

itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled“herdbehaviour”?A.Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.B.Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.C.Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.D.Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.13.Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin_______.A.explaininglifepatternsB.understandingsocialconnectionsC.comprehendingothers’mentalstateD.sharinginformationamongindividuals14.Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?A.Wisdomofcrowds. B.Uncertainoutcomes.C.Lackofrationalanalyses. D.Enoughindividualopinions.15.Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?A.Neverfollowthetrend. B.Keepaquestioningmind.C.Saynotoanypopularevents. D.Standoppositeagainstthepublic.【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章討論了跟隨他人行為的問題，包括在選擇餐館時隨意跟隨人群的不良影響并解釋了“羊群行為”的概念。文章強調(diào)了跟隨他人行為的危險性，因為這種行為往往不需要批判性思考，可能會導(dǎo)致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行為。因此建議要謹(jǐn)慎對待跟隨他人行為，并要保持批判性思維?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Naturallycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour”.(自然地模仿他人的想法或選擇或隨大流通常被稱為“從眾行為”)”可知，選擇最擁擠的餐廳用餐被稱為“羊群行為”。故選A。13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Akeyprerequisite(前提)isthehumanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse’smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.(一個關(guān)鍵的先決條件是人類“心理化”的能力，這意味著能夠閱讀和解讀他人的心理狀態(tài)，并利用這些信息來解釋他們的選擇)”可知，“羊群行為”的一個重要條件是理解他人的心理狀態(tài)。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Contrarytotheso-called“wisdom

ofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(信息瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational(不理性)orsimplystupidbehaviors.(與所謂的“群體智慧”相反，當(dāng)個體群體成員的判斷被獨立收集以產(chǎn)生平均意見時，“羊群行為”通常依賴于所謂的“信息瀑布”，人們在沒有批判性地評估潛在原因的情況下接受他人的信念或復(fù)制他們的選擇。這經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致模仿不合理的行為或愚蠢的行為。)”可知，缺乏理性的分析導(dǎo)致了“羊群行為”。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,

itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.(然而，似乎沒有快速和簡單的解決辦法來抵制群體行為的誘惑。相反，長期的態(tài)度改變可能是必要的，這可能涉及個人對同齡人的觀點采取更批判的態(tài)度，質(zhì)疑他人的行為，而不是盲目地追隨他們)”可知，保持質(zhì)疑的心態(tài)可以避免從眾行為。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。NewanimalsInnorthernVietnam,inthickforestsintheNorthAnnamiteMountains,thereisawildlifeparkcalledVuQuang.In1986,theareawasmadeanofficialforestreserve.In2002,550squarekilometersoftheareaweredeclaredaNationalPark.____16____.Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.____17____.Inthelasttwentyyears,severalnewspeciesofanimalsthathaveneverbeenseenanywhereintheworldbeforehavebeendiscoveredthere.Someofthemaresonewthatscientistshaven’tgiventhemofficialnamesyet!ThenewanimalsdiscoveredattheparkincludetheVuQuangoxorSaola,a“slow”deer,agiantmuntjac(theworld’slargest,infact),ablackdeeranda“holy”goat.____18____,aswellastwospeciesofamphibiansand15speciesofreptiles.TheSaolawasthefirstnewspeciesoflargemammaltobediscoveredinmorethanfiftyyears,soitcausedalotofexcitementinthescientificworld.Itisastrangegoat-likecreaturethatlooksasifitissomehowrelatedtocattle.Ithashornsthatcanbebetweenoneandtwofeetlong,andthatseemtocomeoutoftheanimal’sheadatslightlydifferentangles._____19_____.ThecreaturehadhiddensafelyforgenerationsintheVuQuangarea.Butonceitwasdiscovered,itwasindanger.____20____.Sadly,theSaolaisnowbeinghuntedandmaywellendupasanotherendangeredspecies.A.That’swhyitattractshuntersB.VuQuangisnoordinarypark,thoughC.HuntershavenorespectfornewspeciesD.Butthat’snotallthatisunusualaboutVuQuangE.FivenewspeciesoffishhavealsobeenfoundthereF.ThiswasthefirsttimesomanynewspecieshadbeenfoundinthisareaG.That’swhyitiscalled“Saola”,meaning“spinningwheelposts”inVietnamese【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.G20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了越南武廣國家公園及其里面新物種的相關(guān)情況?！?6題詳解】由下文“Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.(首先，它位于一個很難到達的地區(qū)。這是一個很難穿過的區(qū)域，因為巖石上覆蓋著藻類，非?；?”和普通公園易到達的常識可知，武廣國家公園難以到達，和普通公園不一樣，B選項“然而，武廣不是一個普通的公園”切合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳解】由上文“Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.(首先，它位于一個很難到達的地區(qū)。這是一個很難穿過的區(qū)域，因為巖石上覆蓋著藻類，非?；?”可知武廣國家公園難以到達，不同尋常，再結(jié)合下文“Inthelasttwentyyears,severalnewspeciesofanimalsthathaveneverbeenseenanywhereintheworldbeforehavebeendiscoveredthere.Someofthemaresonewthatscientistshaven’tgiventhemofficialnamesyet!(在過去的二十年里，在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾種以前從未在世界上任何地方見過的新動物。其中一些是如此的新，以至于科學(xué)家還沒有給它們起正式的名字)”講武廣國家公園里面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些聞所未聞的新物種，這也是不同尋常之處，該空應(yīng)該進一步提及武廣國家公園的不平凡之處。D選項“但這并不是武廣國家公園的全部不同尋常之處”切合語境。故選D項。【18題詳解】由上文“ThenewanimalsdiscoveredattheparkincludetheVuQuangoxorSaola,a“slow”deer,agiantmuntjac(theworld’slargest,infact),ablackdeeranda“holy”goat.(在公園里發(fā)現(xiàn)的新動物包括武廣?；騍aola、一只“慢”鹿、一只巨大的麂（事實上是世界上最大的）、一只黑鹿和一只“神圣”山羊)”和下文“aswellastwospeciesofamphibiansand15speciesofreptiles(以及兩種兩棲動物和15種爬行動物)”可知，該空和上下文一些列舉武廣國家公園里面發(fā)現(xiàn)的新物種包括哪些，E選項“在那里還發(fā)現(xiàn)了五種新的魚類”切合語境。故選E項?！?9題詳解】由上文“TheSaolawasthefirstnewspeciesoflargemammaltobediscoveredinmorethanfiftyyears,soitcausedalotofexcitementinthescientificworld.Itisastrangegoat-likecreaturethatlooksasifitissomehowrelatedtocattle.Ithashornsthatcanbebetweenoneandtwofeetlong,andthatseemtocomeoutoftheanimal’sheadatslightlydifferentangles.(Saola是50多年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一個大型哺乳動物新物種，因此它在科學(xué)界引起了很大的轟動。這是一種奇怪的山羊狀生物，看起來似乎與牛有某種關(guān)系。它有一到兩英尺長的角，從動物的頭部伸出的角度似乎略有不同)”可知，該空應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)介紹Saola的相關(guān)情況，G選項“這就是為什么它被稱為‘Saola’，在越南語中的意思是‘紡車樁’”切合語境。故選G項?！?0題詳解】由上文“ThecreaturehadhiddensafelyforgenerationsintheVuQuangarea.Butonceitwasdiscovered,itwasindanger.

(這種生物已經(jīng)在武廣地區(qū)安全地隱藏了好幾代。但一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它就處于危險之中。)”和下文“Sadly,theSaolaisnowbeinghuntedandmaywellendupasanotherendangeredspecies.(不幸的是，Saola現(xiàn)在正被獵殺，很可能會成為另一個瀕危物種)”可知，Saola處于危險之中，空格處和后文因果關(guān)系，正是因為獵人不尊重新物種，Saola才會被獵殺，C選項“獵人不尊重新物種”切合語境。故選C項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Life,asIknow,haschanged.Mybelovednanny,astand-inparentintheabsenceofmyfather,hadcancer.Itwasterminal.AsshewatchedGetawayontelevision,shetalkedtomethatshe’dnever____21____Australiaandthatshewouldneverlater.I____22____thesadness,tearsstreamingdownmyface.Overwhelmedwithmuchgrief,I____23____thepowerofFacebookandthecollectivestrengthofhumanempathy.Iracedfromworkto____24____strangersontheinternet.“Mynannywasillandshewillneverseetheworld.Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.Icanoffernothingbut____25____.”Surprisingly,oneafternoon,apostcardfromtheUnitedStatesarrivedinourletterbox.Thatsimplepostcardwastomeabeaconoflightinalonelyand____26____chapter.Ihelditinmyhands,readandre-readthewords,feelingsomethingIhadn’tfeltinawhile—____27____.Fromthatday,ourletterboxbecamethe____28____forpostcardsfromallovertheworld.Tearsofhappinessmixedwith____29____fellontothosepostcards.Mydreamofarmchairtravelsbecamea_____30_____.Wetravelledtheworldtogether.Herlivingroombecameadeparturehall.Herbedbecameanairportloungeandourflights_____31_____daily.Whatevershesharedbecame_____32_____.OurverylastflightdepartedonawarmmorninginearlyAugustin2018.Mydearesttravelcompanion_____33_____oninanothertimeandplace.Amongthehushedmemories,the_____34_____,over100ofthem,madetheirfinaljourneytoNanny’sfarewell.Mynanny,awomanwhoworriedshewouldneverseetheworld,butdiditwithoutregret.Ihaverecoveredfromgreatlossknowingthatlifeconsistsoffirstgreetingsandfinalpartings.Flightsarriveandthendepart.Peopleare_____35_____tous,andtakenaway.21.A.admired B.left C.defended D.honored22.A.ate B.drank C.chewed D.swallowed23.A.considered B.pounded C.expected D.imagined24.A.pickup B.seeoff C.turnto D.handover25.A.apology B.gratitude C.sympathy D.regret26.A.boring B.available C.blank D.pleasant27.A.despair B.disappointment C.embarrassment D.hope28.A.destination B.purpose C.principle D.spot29.A.anger B.confusion C.fear D.sorrow30.A.goal B.coincidence C.reality D.brand31.A.departed B.disappeared C.continued D.transported32.A.limitless B.priceless C.useless D.valueless33.A.relied B.spent C.journeyed D.turned34.A.flights B.postcards C.airports D.letterboxes35.A.showed B.pushed C.offered D.brought【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的奶奶身患癌癥，很遺憾自己不能周游世界。作者借助網(wǎng)上陌生人的幫助，從世界各地寄來明信片，幫助作者的奶奶實現(xiàn)了坐在扶手椅上周游世界的夢想，沒有遺憾地離開?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她在電視上看《逍遙游》時，她對我說她從未離開過澳大利亞，以后也不會離開。A.admired贊賞；B.left離開；C.defended辯護；D.honored尊敬。根據(jù)下文“Mynannywasillandshewillneverseetheworld.Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.(我的奶奶病了，她再也見不到世界了。請給她寄明信片，讓她坐在扶手椅上看世界。)”可推理出此處說的是她從來沒有離開過澳大利亞，故選B項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我咽下了悲傷，眼淚順著我臉流了下來。A.ate吃；B.drank喝；C.chewed咀嚼；D.swallowed咽。根據(jù)下文“tearsstreamingdownmyface(眼淚順著我的臉流了下來)”可知作者因為悲傷而流淚，可推理出作者咽下了悲傷，故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我悲痛欲絕，思考著臉書的力量和人類同理心的集體力量。A.considered考慮；B.pounded用力擊打；C.expected期待；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)下文“thepowerofFacebookandthecollectivestrengthofhumanempathy(臉書的力量和人類同理心的集體力量)”可知這是作者考慮的對象，故選A項