2023年考研外語(yǔ)預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

考研外語(yǔ)預(yù)測(cè)試卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1>Alan“Ace〃Greenbergchosehisnicknametoimprovehis

chanceswithgirlsattheUniversityofMissouri.Butitisan

apt(1)ofhiswadingskillsonWallStreet.Thisweek,

asthe73-year-old(2)down(3)chairmanofBear

Stearns,theinvestmentbankwherehehasworkedsince1949is

inahigh.It(4)anincreaseinpost-taxprofitsinthe

secondquarterof43%onayearearlier,(5)atimewhen

manyofitsWallStreetrivalshave(6).OnJune26th

MerrillLynch(7)awarningthatitsprofitsinthesecond

quarterwouldfallbyhalf,far(8)ofexpectations.

GoldmanSachsandMorganStanleyhavealsoreportedlower

profits.

Strangethatthissurprised.(9)AlanGreenspan's

freneticcuts(10)interestrates,timesaregoodfor

underwritersandwadersofbonds,coreactivitiesforBear

StearnsandLehmanBrothers,(11)alsorecordedasharp

increaseinprofits.Ithasbeenaterrible(12)_____forequity

underwritersandforadvisersonthesmallamountsofmergers

andacquisitions(M&A)thisyear.

Merrill,Go1dmanandMorganStanleyarethreeoftheinvestment

banksthatgained(13)duringtheboominequityandM

&Abusiness,andtheyarenow(14)themost.Ofthethree,

Merrillisweakestinbonds.Itcut(15)itsfixed-income

activitiesafterthecollapseofLung-TermCapitalManagement

(LTCM)in1998.Asithappens,bothBearStearnsandLehmanhave

longbeencriticisedfortheirweaknessinequities.

Mr.Greenbergisfamousforworryingabouteventhepriceof

apaper-clipatBearStearns.Thisusedtoseemterribly

(16),butthesedaysotherWallStreetfirmsare(17)

aboutcosts.Lay-offsare(18)thoughnotyet

alarmingly一notleast,becausebankssawhowMerrillLynchlost

(19)whenthemarketsreboundedquicklyaftertheLTCM

crisis.Still,iffew(20)ofimprovementshowsoon,

expectrealblood-lettingonWallStreet.

A.cover

B.encapsulation

C.jacket

D.shell

2、⑵

A.goes

B.comes

C.strides

D.steps

3、(3)

A.be

B.being

C.as

D.tobe

4、(4)

A.recorded

B.logged

C.chronicled

D.noted

5、⑸

A.during

B.at

C.on

D.in

6、(6)

A.stumbled

B.slip

C.blundered

3

D.crept

7、(7)

A.delivered

B.distributed

C.conveyed

D.issued

8、(8)

A.out

B.lacking

C.lack

D.short

9、(9)

A.Becauseof

B.Because

C.Since

D.For

10、(10)

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.upon

IK(ID

工I4

A.who

B.what

C.whom

D.which

12、(12)

A.time

B.age

C.epoch

D.era

13、(13)

A.most

B.much

C.alot

D.agreatdeal

14、(14)

A.lost

B.losing

C.suffering

D.suffered

15、(15)

A.down

B.back

5

C.off

D.out

16、(16)

A.unnecessary

B.unreasonable

C.unpopular

D.unfashionable

17、(17)

A.obsessed

B.worried

C.suffered

D.tormented

18、(18)

A.decreased

B.increased

C.increasing

D.decreasing

19、(19)

A.field

B.ground

C.future

D.hope

目6

20、(20)

A.signals

B.symbol

C.signs

D.symptom

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

ItiscommonlysupposedthatthehealthofLongIslandSound

ischieflytheresponsibilityoftheshorelinecommunitiesin

LongIsland,WestchesterCountyandConnecticut.Thisis

largelytrue.Itisalsotrue,however,thatNewYorkCityhas

longbeenamajorcontributortotheenvironmentalillsthat

torturethisnoblestofAmericanestuaries.

Themainreasonisfouroldmunicipalsewagetreatmentplants

ontheEastRiver.Everydayofeveryyear,theseplantsdeposit

hundredsofthousandsofgallonsofpartlytreatedwastewater

intotheriver,whichthen,withtidalcertainty,propelsthe

pollutedwaterintotheSounditself

Themostdamagingofthepollutantsleavingtheplantsis

nitrogen—usefulasafertilizeronlandbut,insufficient

quantities,fataltobodiesofwaterliketheSound,whereit

stimulatesthegrowthofbacteriaandalgaeandrobsthewater

ofoxygen.Thisconditionisknownashypoxia,anditsuppresses

marinelife.Roughlyhalfthenitrogencomesfromtreatment

plantsandothersourcesinabout80shorelinecommunities,the

otherhalfcomesfromtheNewYorkCityplants.

Itisthuscauseforgreatcelebrationthatthecityagreedlast

weektosettlealongstandinglegalactionandspendatleast

$700milliontoupgradethesefourplants,cuttingtheir

nitrogenoutputbynearly60percentby2022.AudubonNewYork,

aleaderamongtheenvironmentalgroupsthathelpedshapethe

agreementandmoveitforward,whennegotiationsseemedto

falter,calledtheagreementanhistoricmomentinthestruggle

torestoretheSoundtogoodhealth.

Inretrospect,themostimportantmomentinthatstrugglethe

momentfromwhichallelsehasflowed,includinglastweek's

agreement—camem1994,whenNewYorkandConnecticut,after

sustainedpressurefromthefederalEnvironmentalProtection

Agency,approvedacomprehensiveplantocleanuptheSound.

Thecity'smainresponsibilitywastomodernizeitssewage

treatmentplants.TheGiulianiadministrationleftthebulkof

thetasktoMayorMichaelBloomberg.

Alarmedbytheproject'sestimated$1.3billionpricetag,Mr.

BloombergdispatchedChristopherWard,thentheenvironmental

commissioner,toEuropeandelsewheretofindnew,more

cost-efficientwastetreatmenttechnologies.Induecourse,Mr.

WardandhiscounterpartinAlbany,ErinCrotty,reachedan

agreementinprincipletoreform,theplantsatwellunderthe

originalcost.Mr.WardandMs.Crottyleftpublicservice,but

afterfurtherdebatingaimedpartlyatensuringthatfuture

cityadministrationscouldnotwiggleoutofthedeal,andafter

furtherproddingbyAttorneyGeneralEliotSpitzer,their

successors.EmilyLloydandDeniseSheehan,broughtthematter

toaclose.

ThisdoesnotmeantheSoundisnolongeratrisk.TheSound

passesthroughthedensestpopulationcorridorinthecountry,

andwillremainforeverstressedbythe20millionpeoplewho

livewithin50milesofitsshores.Thustheshoreline

communitiesinLongIsland,WestchesterandConnecticutmust

domorethanevertocontainpollution.

ThefollowingunitsareresponsibleforthehealthofLong

IslandSoundEXCEPT.

A.theshorelinecommunityinLongIsland

B.theshorelinecommunityofWestchesterCounty

C.theshorelinecommunityofConnecticut

D.theshorelinecommunityofNewYorkcity

2、

Whatisprobablythemeaningof"falter”(Para.4)?

A.succeed

B.finish

C.stumble

D.fall

3、

Accordingtothetext,thefollowingstatementsaboutnitrogen

aretrueEXCEPT.

A.nitrogensuppressesmarinelife

B.nitrogenisafertilizerWhichhelpsplantsgrow

C.nitrogeninlargequantitiesisfataltobodiesofwater

D.nitrogencanrobwaterofoxygen

4、

Themodernizationofthesewagetreatmentplantswasfinished

by.

A.Mr.Bloomberg

B.EmilyLloydandDeniseSheehan

C.Mr.Ward

D.AttorneyGeneralEliotSpitzer

5、

Whytheauthorsuggeststhattheshorelinecommunitiesdomore

thanevertosolvepollutionproblem?

A.Becausetheagreementhasnotbeenreached

B.Becausepeoplelivingalongtheshorelinewillpollutethe

water.

C.Becausethefuturecityadministrationscouldnotwiggle

outofthedeal.

D.BecauseMr.WardandMs.Crottyleftpublicservice.

6、Areburgersandfriesaproductoftheprofoundsocial

changesofthepast50years,orweretheytoalargeextent

responsibleforthem?Theauthorofthisdiatribeagainst

multinationalrestaurantbrandsoptsforthelatter

explanation."Thereisnothinginevitableaboutthefastfood

nationthatsurroundsus”,heconcludes."Thetriumphof

McDonald,sanditsimitatorswasbynomeanspre-ordained”.But

ithappenedneverthelessandinhisview,itistobeblamed

formanyoftheevilsofmodernAmericaandtheirglobalspread.

Theemergenceofthecorporatecolossus,followedinexorably

byitsdeionization,isafamiliarpatterninAmericanbusiness

history.

ThemodernphenomenonoffastfoodoriginatedinCalifornia

justbeforetheSecondWorldWar.Itsfirstmanifestationwas

kerbservice,withmealsdeliveredtomotoristsbyhandsome

youngcarhops.RichardandMauriceMcDonald,whoranadrive-in

burgerbarinSanBernardinonearLosAngeles,becametiredof

havingconstantlytoreplacetheircarhopsandwashupcrockery

anddishes.In1948theydecidedtomakecustomersserve

themselves,whilerestrictingthemenutoitemsthatcouldbe

preparedbyunskilledcooksandeatenwithoutplates,knives

orforks.

TheMcDonaldbrothersweresoonboughtoutbythe

entrepreneurialRayKroc,whofranchisedtheirnameand

techniquessosuccessfullythatthereisnowscarcelyacomer

oftheworldthatisfreefromtheirtrademarkgoldenarches,

invariablyspawningaclusterofrivalchainsselling

hamburgers,pizzas,orfriedchicken,handedoutbysmiling

teenagerswillingtoacceptminimalpay.Theyarecheap,

cheerful,popular,andchildrenlovethem.SojustwhatisMr.

Schlosser'sbeef?Apartfromhisnutritionalreservations一too

muchfat,saltandsugar一heproveshow.asthechainsexpanded,

theywereabletodictatetermstothesuppliersofpotatoes

andgroundbeef,theirstapleingredients.Thiscausedan

upheavalinagribusiness,asafewlargesuppliersquickly

forcedlessefficientproducersoutofthemarket.Thedrive

tokeepdowncostsandincreasethespeedofproductionledto

theemploymentofcheapunskilledlaborand.tothewidespread

tolerationofdangerousandunhygienicpracticesamonggrowers

andprocessors,whichregulatorybodieshavefailedtopolice.

Mr.Schlosser,whoisaskillfulandpersuasiveinvestigative

reporter,seesallthisasadamagingcorruptionofthefree

market.Heisespeciallyangeredbypromotionaltechniques

aimedatimpressionablechildren.A1997giveawayofTeenie

BeanieBabiesincreasedthesaleofMcDonalds,HappyMealsfrom

10maweekto10maday.Andasurveyfoundthat96%ofAmerican

schoolchildrencouldidentifyRonaldMcDonald,thechain，s

mascot.OnlySantaClausscoredhigher.

FromtheexampleofMcDonaldtheauthorconcludesthat.

A.thefastfoodisthegreatsocialchangeofthepast50years

B.thesuccessofmultinationalbrandswasdestined

C.thecorporatedeionizationcontributedtosomesocial

changes

D.McDonaldispopularinAmerica

7、

Theword"kerbservice”(Para.2)equatesto.

A.restaurants'service

B.motorservice

C.familyservice

D.roadsideservice

8、

TheauthorairsMr.Schlosser'sopinioninthesecond

paragraphinorderto.

A.listthenutritionalreservation

B.supporttheproperterms

C.askthepolicetoregulatetheproductiveprocess

D.criticizefast-foodforitsnegativeeffects

9、

WhichoneofthefollowingaspectsofMcDonald'sdoesMr.

Schlosserdetestmost?

A.nutritionalreservation

B.managementmodel

C.promotionmethodstochildren

D.marketingstrategy

10、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsMcDonaldis.

A.appreciative

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.neutral

11、Thenumberofcityschoolsputonalistforstrict

scrutinybythestateforpooracademicperformancewentup

slightlythisyearandthenumberofcityschoolstakenoffthe

listbyshowingimprovementdropped,thestate'scommissioner

ofeducationannouncedyesterday.

Tencityschools一nowatriskofbeingshutdown—wereadded

tothelistofSchoolsUnderRegistrationReview,knownasSURR,

bringingthetotalinthecitym40.Statewide.61schoolsare

underreview,saidthecommissioner,RichardMills.The

additionof10cityschoolsreverseswhathadbeenatrendin

thepastfewyears:thenumberofschoolsonthelisthadbeen

falling.Therewere55schoolsin2022,46in2022and35last

year,anall-timelow.

Butthisyearanewfactorwasatwork:Thestateraisedthe

levelofperformancerequiredtopassitsstandards.In

addition,6ofthe10newlynamedschoolsaremiddle

schools一andthoseschoolshaveforyearsconfoundededucators

byresistingtheimprovementsthathaveworkedinlowergrades

andeveninhighschools.Threecityschoolswereremovedfrom

thelistthisyearforimprovementinacademicperformance,but

thatnumberwassignificantlylowerthanthenumberremovedin

eachofthepastseveralyears.Forinstance,16schoolswere

takenoffthelistlastyear.

SchoolsChancellorJoelI.Kleinobservedthatthenumberof

endangeredschoolsstillremainsatanear-recordlow.

''Nevertheless,wecannotacceptfailingperformancebyanyof

ourschoolsforanyreason”,hesaid."Ifaschoolproves

incapableofprovidingahigh-qualityeducationmourstudents

despiteeffortstoimproveit,itwillbeclosed”.Hesaid8

ofthe40schoolsthathavebeenonthelistwerescheduledm

beclosedthisyearand5morewillbeclosednextyear.The

statealsoexpandeditsreviewprocessforthefirsttimethis

yearmDistrict75,whichcoversspecialeducationschools,and

oneDistrict75school,PublicSchool12intheBronx,wasput

onthelist.

Despitetheadditions,Mr.Millssaidhewaspleased."Ithink

it'simpressivesincewehavebeenrinsingthebar”,hesaid.

“Thecityhasessentiallybeenstayingaheadofamoving

locomotive”.

Elsewhereinthestate,threeschoolsinBuffaloandtwoin

Syracusewereaddedtothelist.The10NewYorkCityschools

onthelistareLegacySchoolforIntegratedStudiesin

Manhattan;P.S.220,P.S,12,JuniorHighSchool123andMiddle

School302intheBronx;J.H.S.265.J.H.S.57,M.S.143,

IntermediateSchool291andP.S.12inBrooklyn.Thethree

schoolsremovedfromthelistareP.S.140intheBronx.

RepertoryCompanyHighSchoolinManhattanandEBC/ENYHigh

SchoolforPublicSafetyandLawinBrooklyn.

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic

by.

A.posingacontrast

B.presentingaphenomenon

C.justifyinganassumption

D.makingacomparison

12、

Fromthefirst2paragraphs,wecanlearnthat.

A.thepresenttrendisthatthenumberofschoolsonthelist

isfalling

B.therearemoreschoolswhichshakeoffthebadreputation

thisyear

C.thetrendthisyearisnotthesameasthatofpastfewyears

D.thereviewisnotreliable

13、

The“newfactor"inthethirdparagraphrefersthat.

A.moremiddleschoolsareputonthelist

B.thestandardofreviewishigher

C.schoolsresisttoimprovethemselves

D.schoolsconfoundededucatorsforyears

14、

SchoolsChancellor'swordsimplythat.

A.alltheschoolsonthelistshouldbeclosed

B.aschool'sperformanceistheonlystandardoffurther

existence

C.anyschoolshouldn'tfindanyexcuseforthemselves

D.hehasthefinalword

15、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor.

A.issupportiveofthereview

B.favorsSchoolsChancellor，sview

C.issympatheticwiththoseschools

D.takesadetachedattitude

16^AnannualcensusofwolvesatYellowstoneNationalPark

hasfoundasharpdropinthepopulation.Butparkbiologists,

whosuspectadeadlydisease,canineparvovirus,saytheywill

letnaturetakeitscourse."Parvocanbevaccinatedforand

canbetreated,butwewouldn'tdoitbecausewecouldn'tcatch

everyanimal”,DanielStabler,aparkwaifbiologist,said,

“Andthisallowsthemtobuildupanaturalresistance”.

Thecensusfound22pups,comparedwith69lastyear.Thetotal

countofwolvesdroppedm118from171,thelowestsince2000.

“Itwassomewhatdevastatingtohavesuchpoorpupsurvival”,

Mr.Stablersaid."Butresearchshowsthatyoungpupscanbounce

backfromitquitesuccessfully”.Thatpupshavesufferedthe

declineseemstosuggesttheculpritisparvo,saidEdBangs,

waifrecoverycoordinatorfortheUnitedStatesFishand

WildlifeServicehere.Nursingpupsreceiveimmunityfromtheir

mother'smiIk.buttheimmunitydropswhennursingstops.

Thelargenumberofwolvesintheparkmightalsobeafactor.

“Whenyouhaveabiglitterandadultsarehavingtrouble

killingenoughtofeedallthesepups,andtheanimalsare

stressed,parvoflaresup”,Mr.Bangssaid."Ifyouhave15

brothersandsistersinsteadof3,youdon，tgetenoughtoeat;

parvokillsyou”.

CanineparvoviruswasdiscoveredintheUnitedStatesin1978.

Extremelyhardy,thediseasespreadrapidlytodomesticdogs

andthenintowildanimalpopulations.Biologistssuspectthat

itwasintroducedtoYellowstonebyatourist'sinfecteddog

oracoyote.Becauseparvoissohardy,itpersistsinthesoil

formonths.Awolfcouldcatchitfromsimplysniffing

infectioussoil,thebiologistssaid.Thediseasehashit

wolvesonthenorthernrange,theelk-filledmeadowsofthe

northernhalfofthepark,especiallyhard.Outof49pupsborn

there,8survived.

Somescientists,includingMr.Bangs,theorizethatthepark

mayhaveovershotitscapacityforwolvesandthatthenumbers

arenaturallyadjustingdownward,withdiseasebeingoneofthe

agents.Thelong-termcarryingcapacityofthepark,hesaid,

isprobably110to150wolves.

Wolveshavebeenkilledinotherways,too.Frequentencounters

amongcompetingwolfpacksarethebiggestcauseofdeathamong

adults.Inthefirstfiveyearsoftheirreintroductiontothe

park,oneortwoanimalsayearwerekilledbyotherwolves.

Thatnumberhasrisentofourorfiveayear.

Vehiclesalsotakeatoll,Fourteenwolveshavebeenkilledby

vehiclesinthelast10years,eightofthemnearMileMarker

30onRoute191,astraightstretchonthewesternsideofthe

parkwheremotoriststendtospeedandwolvesareplentiful.

Bysaying"letnaturetakeitscourse”,thebiologists

mean.

A.theywillvaccinatethewolves

B.theyhavenomethodtodealwiththedisease

C.theywillbuildupanaturalresistance

D.theywillnottakeanymeasure

17、

37Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Mr.Bangsholdstheview

that.

A.thebiglitteristhecauseofwolves'decline

B.thescarceoffoodleadstowolves'decline

C.parvohelpswolvestodealwithoverpopulationproblem

D.wolveshavetroublekillingenoughmfeed

18、

Canineparvovirusisadiseasewhich.

A.thepupsareimmunefrom

B.onlyspreadsamongdomesticdogs

C.ishardyenoughtokeepaliveformonthsinthesoil

D.onlyhitswolvesonthenorthernrange

19、

Accordingtothefifthparagraph,thescientiststhinkthe

wolves'declineinnumberis.

A.devastating

B.natural

C.adjustable

D.abnormal

20、

Thefollowingarecausesleadingtothewolves'declinein

numberEXCEPT.

A.hunting

B.fightsamongpacks

C.vehicles

D.Canineparvovirus

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Whatelsemightbewrong?Money?Germany'sspendingperpupil

isabitbelowtheOECDaverage.ButsoisBritain'sandBritish

pupils,tothesurpriseofmanythere,figuredinthetopten

inallthetests.Theorganizationofschooling,then?That

wouldbehardmjudge.Educationistheresponsibilityofthe

country，s16distinctLander(states),andthevarioussystems

theyuserangefromthehighlyselectivetothefully

comprehensive.

B.Thereismoreofaclue,perhaps,tobefoundintheteaching

forceitself.Germany，sschool-teachersarerelativelywell

paid,buttheyaretoofew:Germanyhasoneofthehighestpupil-

teacherratiosamongOECDcountries,andinmanysubjectsan

acuteshortageofteachers.Norarenewonesflockingin:

two-fifthsofallteachersareover50.Oneinthreeadmitsto

feeling，zburntout”;nearlythree-quarterstakeearly

retirementonhealthgrounds.Inevitably,thequalityof

teachingsuffers.

C.”Shocking","scandalous"and"catastrophic”,politicians,

parentsandeducatorshavewailedinunison.Andbeneaththe

averagefigureslieothersevenmoreshockingforGermany,s

deeplydemocraticburghers:evidenceofawidegap---oneofthe

widestfoundbytheOECD'sresearchers一betweenGermany's

highest-performingstudentsanditslowest.Nearlyaquarter

ofits15-year-oldscouldnotreadandunderstandasimpletext.

NotthatGermanycantakemuchcomfortfromtheachievementof

itspupilsattheotherendofthescale.Only28%ofits

15-year-oldsreachedthestudy'stoptwolevelsofreading

ability,comparedwithhalfinFinland(whichwasrankedfirst

overall)andoverathirdinadozenothercountries.

D.Otherexplanationsabound.OneistheGermanzealforrote

learning,ratherthanforteachingchildrentothinkfor

themselves.Anotheristheinadequatesupportgiventoweaker

students,andtherequirementthatanypupilwhogetspoormarks

injusttwosubjectshastorepeatthewholeyear.Mostofthe

other15-year-oldpupilsinvolvedintheOECDstudywereall

inthesamegrade,havinggoneupwiththeircontemporariesas

agroup;theGerman15-year-oldsspannedfourgrades,because

somanyhadhadtorepeatayearormore.

E.Howcanthisbe?Whateverelse,Germanyisfamousforits

thoroughness.Itstechnicaleducationwasoneofthewonders

ofthe19thcentury,andlongafter.Whathasgonewrong?Almost

asalarmingasthefigures,noonecantell.Blamingthelarge

numberofstudentsofforeigndescent,whoaccountforonein

tenpupilsinGermanschools,isnotanadequateexcuse:

German-speakingAustria一yes,easy-goingAustria-cametenth

inthereadingtests,althoughithasasimilarproportionof

pupilsofforeigndescent.

F.SomepeopleblameGermany'scompressedschoolday,which

startsat8a.m.andusuallyendsat1:30p.m.or2p.m.Many

parentswouldlikealaterstartandalongerday.SomeLander

aretryingoutall-dayschooling,butsofaronlyonasmall

scale.Thebigneed,runsanotherargument,isformoreflee

kindergartenplaces,tohelp,inparticular,childrenfrom

non-German-speakingimmigrantfamilies.Atthetopofthescale,

ithaslongbeenarguedthatmorepupilsshouldbeencouraged

togoontohighereducation.Atpresent,only28%doso,

comparedwithanOECDaverageof45%一andonly16%emerge

(typically,somesixyearslater)withadegree.Sincethe

reportwaspublishedlastweek,Germanshavebeenrackingtheir

brainsoverallthesequestionsandmore.Nooneyethasthe

an