高一英語期末復習資料

志翔教育學在苦中求，勤中練；不怕學問淺，怕志短！Greatworksareperformednotbystrength,butbyperseverance.完成偉大的事業(yè)不在于體力，而在于堅韌不拔的毅力DoraXin高一英語復習資料目錄:第01章名詞第02章主謂一致第03章動詞時態(tài)第04章被動語態(tài)第05章非謂語動詞第06章名詞性從句第07章定語從句第08章狀語從句期末復習計劃安排專題復習重點建議時間名詞名詞復數(shù)、名詞辨析1.5h主謂一致就近、就遠原則1h時態(tài)各時態(tài)標志詞、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時3h被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與時態(tài)混合考、主動表被動、get/have+done2h非謂語動詞動名詞、不定式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞1h名詞性從句It做形式主語、賓語，whether/if、which/that用法區(qū)別，2h定語從句非限制定語從句、which/that用法區(qū)別2h狀語從句結果、條件、目的、方式2h名詞練習寫出下列詞語的復數(shù)1、orange2、class3、sheep4、monkey5、piano1、orange2、class3、sheep4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、footJapanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife三、名詞綜合1、Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.[廣東省]A.news B.ideas C.messages D.thoughts2、Myunclewillcometomyhousefordinner．Iwanttobuysome___tomakeavegetablesaladforhim．[濟寧]A．meat B．tomatoes C．applejuice3、——Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?Theymayfityouwell．一Well，I'dliketotrythoseblue__________.[黃岡]A．pairs B．one C．pant D．pair4、―Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?[河北]―Yes,

,please.

A.someoranges

B.twoboxesofchocolates

C.somecakes

D.twobottlesoforange5、

excitingnews!Wewillhave

longholidayaftertheexam.

[黃岡]A.Whatan,a

B.What,a

C.Howan,the

D.How,the

6、_________fathersarebothscientists．[咸寧]A．Jim'sandBob B．Jim'sandBob'sC．JimandBob'sD．JimandBob7、_____roomisbigandbright．Theylikeitverymuch．[河北]A．TomandSamB．Tom'sfindSamC．TomandSam'sD．Tom'sandSam's8、Look,thetallbuildinglooksverymodern.Yes,andthereisagardenonits___________.Agardenintheair![河南省]A.top B.ground C.side D.floor9、一HowcanItellonetreefromanother?一Youcanmostlytellthembythe_________oftheirleaves．[07武漢市]A．shape Bsize C．age Dcolor10、Oh!Thereisn'tenough_________forusinthebus.Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.[昆明市]A.seat B.land C.room D.floor1-5ABADB6-10BCAAC第二章主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分為:語法一致,內容一致,就近一致.(一)語法一致原則:即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復數(shù),謂語也用復數(shù).以下為注意事項:1.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引導的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空氣和水都是物質.Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了兩個仆人外,沒有一個人遲來用餐。2.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),否則用復數(shù).如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.(兩樣物)用and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體,如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3.不定式(短語),動名詞(短語),或從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。4.用連接的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.沒有老師也沒有學生開會缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。5.eachof+復數(shù)代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù).復數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個人都有話要說。6.若主語中有morethanone或manya/an,盡管從意義上看是復數(shù),但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語時,謂語動詞仍用復數(shù).如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一個學生遲到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個人來幫助我們。7.none做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復數(shù);但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.人無完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事一點不使我著急。8.名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復數(shù).如:Hisclothesaregood.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)apairof,謂語一般用單數(shù).如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼鏡。9.形復意單名詞如:news;以ics結尾的學科名稱如:physics,mathematics,economics;國名如:theUnitedStates;報紙名如:theNewTimes;書名如:ArabianNight<天方夜談>;以及TheUnitedNations<聯(lián)合國>等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10.“a+名詞+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名詞”,“thenumberof+名詞”等作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+復數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.參觀了一兩個地點。(二)內容一致原則:1.主語中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行車，今天出售。60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定數(shù)量的詞組,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科書已運到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3.加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15減去5等于10。4.表示時間,金錢,距離,度量等的名詞做主語時,盡管是復數(shù)形式,它們做為一個單一的概念時,其謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一個相當?shù)木嚯x。5.(1)通常作復數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞通常用作復數(shù).如:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)可作單數(shù)也可作復數(shù)的集體名詞.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委員會決定解雇他。6.the+形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原則1.由here,there,where等引導的倒裝句中,(有時主語不止一個時)謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽車來了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在這兒的時候,你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2.用連詞or,eitheror,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit學生和老師都不知道這事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意:oneof+復數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導的定語從句中,定語從句的動詞為復數(shù)。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。Theonlyoneof+復數(shù)名詞+who/that./which引導的定語從句中，定語從句的動詞應為單數(shù)。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.瑪麗是唯一一個飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。主謂一致練習1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.are2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive28.MikeandJohn`s______.A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandardA.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many答案：1-5BDDDB6-10ABACD11-15ACDAB16-20DBCDB21-25CACBA26-30CBACA31-33CCA第三章動詞時態(tài)（詳見學案）第四章被動語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結構，從而是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。例如：Heopenedthedoor.他開了門。(主動句)Thedoorwasopened.門被開了。(被動句)二、被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋taught一般過去時：was／were＋taught一般將來時：will／shallbe＋taught現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／arebeing＋taught過去進行時：have／hasbeen＋taught現(xiàn)在完成時：have／hasbeen＋taught記憶歌訣：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。注意：區(qū)分被動語態(tài)與“be+過去分詞”結構be+過去分詞”并不一定都是被動語態(tài)，有時是系表結構。當“be+過去分詞”表示動作時為被動語態(tài)，be是助動詞，be后面的過去分詞是主要動詞，動作的對象是主語；當“be+過去分詞”表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時為系表結構，be是連系動詞。be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強調動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結構。例如:Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。(系表結構)Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。(被動語態(tài))2如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。如：ThemagazineispublishedinShanghai.這家雜志出版于上海。(被動語態(tài))Thedoorislocked.門鎖著。(系表結構)Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.門已經/剛剛被鎖上。(被動語態(tài))Theshopisopened.這家商店開門了。(系表結構)Theshopisopenedat8a.m.everyday.這家商店每天上午八點開門。(被動語態(tài))3被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而系表結構中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。三、被動語態(tài)的用法1不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：1)Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)2)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。2強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：1)Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。2)Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。記憶歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要；動作承受者需強調，被動語態(tài)運用到。四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞)，根據被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式。3把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：1)Allthepeoplelaughedathim.=Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.2)Theymakethebikesinthefactory.=Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.記憶歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。記憶歌訣：情態(tài)動詞變動，情態(tài)加be加“過分”，原來帶to要保留。例如：1)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.=Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2)Yououghttotakeitaway.=Itoughttobetakenaway.3)Theyshoulddoitatonce.=Itshouldbedoneatonce動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)強化訓練題1.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You＿＿yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadworn B.wore C.werewearing D.arewearing2.—We＿＿thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.—I’msorry.I＿＿to,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected；hadintended B.areexpecting；hadintendedC.expect；intend D.expected；intend3.Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice＿＿ofhim.A.istaken B.willbetaken C.takes D.hastaken4.—Itissaidthatanothernewcarfactory＿＿now.—Yeah.It＿＿oneandahalfyears.A.isbuilding；takesB.isbeingbuilt；willtakeC.isbuilt；willtakeD.isbeingbuilt；takes5.—I’msorry,butIshouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.—You＿＿yourtemperbutthat’sOK.A.havelost B.hadlost C.didlose D.werelosing6.—Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty!—Mum,I＿＿mystoreroomdownstairs。A.cleaned B.haveworked C.wascleaning D.havebeencleaning7.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey＿＿moneytobuyacolorTVset.A.saveB.aresavingC.hassavedD.weresaving8.Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We＿＿anxiousaboutyou,andwe＿＿youbackthroughoutthenight.A.are；expect B.were；hadexpectedC.havebeen；wereexpecting D.are；wereexpecting9.I’vefinallyfinishedmypaperandit＿＿meanentiremonth.A.takes B.took C.wastaken D.hadtaken10.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit＿＿evenbetter.A.gets B.got C.hasgot D.isgetting11.—HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?—Ihavenoidea；he＿＿itthismorning.A.wasdoing B.hadbeendoing C.hasdone D.did12.—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.—I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿＿myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmet B.willmeet C.willbemeeting D.willhavemet13.—Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.—Really?Where＿＿?A.hasshebeen B.hadshebeen C.hasshegone D.hadshegone14.JohnandI＿＿friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe＿＿eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen；havemet B.havebeen；havemetC.hadbeen；hadmet D.havebeen；hadmet15.I＿＿ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay B.haveplayed C.played D.play16.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I＿＿mymum.A.take B.amtaking C.havetaken D.willhavetaken17.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I’msorryI＿＿anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying B.don’tsay C.won’tsay D.didn’tsay18.—Where＿＿?—Igotstuckintheheavytraffic.I＿＿hereearlier.A.didyougo；hadarrived B.haveyoubeen；wouldhavebeenC.wereyou；wouldcome D.areyou；was19.IknowMrBrown；we＿＿toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroduced B.havebeenintroducedC.wereintroduced D.hadbeenintroduced20.—Wheredoyouthink＿＿he＿＿thecomputer?—Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has；bought B.／；bought C.did；buy D.had；bought21.—I＿＿toaparty,butI’vegotnothingtowear.—Whydon’tyouhaveadressmadefortheparty?A.wasasked B.willask C.haveasked D.havebeenasked22.Ididn’tlikeAuntLucy,who＿＿withoutwarningandbringinguspresents.A.alwaysturnedup B.hasalwaysturnedupC.wasalwaysturningup D.wasalwaysturnedup23.—WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset,which＿＿inShanghai?—Well,Idon’tcaresuchthings.A.wasmade B.ismade C.hasbeenmade D.hadbeenmade24.—Tom,didMr.Lijoinyouinyourdiscussion?—No,he＿＿,buthehappenedtohavefallenill.A.wouldliketo B.will C.wastohave D.wasgoingtojoin25.—Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?—Idon’tthinkso.He＿＿totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listened B.waslistening C.haslistened D.hadlistened26.Theplane＿＿at7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.A.hasleft B.istoleave C.willhaveleft D.leaves27.Thetrain＿＿＿＿＿atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutnineo’clocktonight.A.went B.isgoing C.goes D.willbegoing28.Lookatthis!I＿＿somemagazinesand＿＿thisletter.A.waslookingthrough；found B.amlookingthrough；findC.lookedthrough；hadfound D.hadlookedthrough；finding29.—＿＿you＿＿theeditorattheairport?—No,he＿＿awaybeforemyarrival.A.Have...met；hasdriven B.Had...met；wasdrivenC.Did...meet；hadbeendriven D.Have...met；haddriven30.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry,I＿＿.Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?1~20:DAABCDBCBDACBDDBDBCB21~30:DCBCBDDACD第五章非謂語動詞講解非謂語動詞:a.動詞不定式b.動名詞c.分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞)概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔任謂語的動詞2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當中，已經存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.動詞不定式一．動詞不定式的時態(tài)和被動形動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號(to)加動詞原形構成。不定式的形式有五種：一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.進行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.被動式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.完成被動式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.動詞不定式的用法I.作主語(1)不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+謂語+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性質的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作賓語接不定式做賓語Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常見動詞有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

_it__

better

__to_

start

early.2.Do

you

consider

_it__

better

not

_to_

go?3.

I

feel

_it_

my

duty

_to_

change

all

that.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：stoptodo停下來去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘記要做forgetdoing忘記做過remembertodo記得要做rememberdoing記得做過regrettodo遺憾要做regretdoing后悔做過trytodo企圖做，盡力做trydoing試著做goontodo繼續(xù)做（另一件事）goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不帶to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后無to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.III.作賓語補足語1.I’ll

get

someone

_to__

repair

the

recorder

for

you.2.What

caused

him

_to__

change

his

mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish

,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在動詞feel（一感），hear,listento（二聽），have,let,make（三讓），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定語

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關系時，須加介詞1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（寫上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（寫）V.作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.對比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主動形式表示被動意義Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.動名詞一.動名詞的基本構成

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.動名詞的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主語）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表語）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作賓語）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定語）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting常見的動詞有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.短語:be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing____(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons主動表被動:①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themethodneeds_improving__(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire__mending___(mend).④Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)d）動詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動名詞表示“習慣性動作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動作”。當用在should,would之后時，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?動名詞的復合結構動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構成動名詞的復合結構或動名詞短語a.動名詞復合結構作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如：Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松訪問中國標志著中美外交關系進入一個新的時代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，動名詞復合結構中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分詞分詞的作用現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經完成。1．作定語Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun？2．作表語Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3．作賓語補足語Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4．作狀語Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)（二）分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時態(tài)形式的變化。現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例如：Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前,常用作狀語。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式被動一般式beingdone被動完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.（四）分詞的否定形式分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構成，例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.