2015屆高中英語外研版（通用）【配套WORD文檔】Book 3 Module 5

重點(diǎn)單詞1.principle/′prIns?pl/n．原則，準(zhǔn)則2.position/p?′zI?n/n．職位3．stress/stres/vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；n.緊張；壓力；緊迫4.resign/rI′zaIn/vi.辭職5．condition/k?n′dI?n/n．狀況；條件；環(huán)境6.justice/′d??stIs/n．公正；正義7．influential/?Influ′en?l/adj.有影響的→influencen．&v．影響8．equal/′i?kw?l/adj.平等的；相等的；勝任的；v.與……相等；等于；比得上；敵得過→equalityn．平等，對等；一致性9．honesty/′?nIsti/n．誠實→honestadj.誠實的10．contribution/?k?ntrI′bju??n/n．貢獻(xiàn)→contributev．作貢獻(xiàn)11．inventor/In′vent?/n．發(fā)明家→inventvt.發(fā)明→inventionn．發(fā)明12．order/′??d?/n．秩序；vt.命令；訂購→orderlyadj.秩序井然的13．a(chǎn)dviser/?d′vaIz?/n．顧問→advisev．建議→advicen．建議；意見14．importance/Im′p??tns/n．重要；重要性→importantadj.重要的15．freedom/′fri?d?m/n．自由→freeadj.自由的重點(diǎn)短語1.lookafter照顧；照料2.bringup養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)3．beatwarwith與……交戰(zhàn)4.beproudof為……自豪5．forthefirsttime首次，第一次6.inconclusion總之7．a(chǎn)senseofresponsibility責(zé)任感8.beeinterestedin對……感興趣9．a(chǎn)saresult結(jié)果是10.ifso如果這樣的話經(jīng)典句型1.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。2．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中國各諸侯國之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭。3．Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為，人之所以不同于動物，是因為人性本善。4．Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcentury，andwerenofasterthanahorse.19世紀(jì)末時，汽車首次被使用，其速度并不比馬跑得快。語境記憶Thegreatthinkersoftenstresstheimportanceoffreedom，peaceandorder.Theyusuallyadvocateprincipleswithgoodmorals，suchasjustice，honesty，loveandkindness.構(gòu)詞記憶eq\x(-ance)acquaintance/?′kweInt?ns/n．1.[C]&[U]熟悉；熟知2.[C]相識的人；熟人allowance/?′la??ns/n．[C]津貼；補(bǔ)貼；零用錢appearance/?′pI?r?ns/n．1.[多作不可數(shù)名詞]出現(xiàn)2.[C]&[U]外觀；外貌assistance/?′sIst?ns/n．[U]幫助；協(xié)助；援助1．Theadvisergaveusagoodpieceofadvice.Headvisedusthatwestarttheprojectatonce.(advise)2．Hecontributedalottosociety.Hiscontributionswillberememberedbyallofusforever.(contribute)3．QiuJin，asafighter，calledforequalrightsbetweenmenandwomen.4．Iwon’tchangemycarasitisstillingoodcondition.5．Tomhadtogiveuphispositionwiththepany.6．Heisthesortofmantobetrustedbecausehealwayslivesuptohisprinciples(原則)．7．Theyarehavinganargument(爭論，爭吵)aboutthechildren.8．Everyoneissupposedtohavethefreedom(自由)tochoosetheirwayoflife.9．Letmehavealookatthefuel(燃料)bills.10．TheEnglishteacherstressed(強(qiáng)調(diào))theimportance(重要性)ofreadingaloud.1equaladj.相同的，相等的thesamein...；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)?；能勝任的fit；capable；n.同等的人;相等物;v.與……相等,等于bethesamein...；比得上；抵得過beasgoodas...beequalin在……方面比得上beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；與……相等；勝任……onequalterms在對等的條件下withoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比)Heisaplayerwithoutequal.他是個無與倫比的運(yùn)動員。Thoughsheisyoung，shehasnoequalinmusic.盡管她很年輕，但在音樂方面沒有人能比得上她。夯實基礎(chǔ)一句多譯他能勝任這項工作。(1)Heisequaltothejob.(equal)(2)Heisuptothejob.(up)(3)Heisfitforthejob.(fit)(4)Heisqualifiedtodothejob.(qualified)2eq\x(ordern.秩序；指示；點(diǎn)菜；訂購；v.命令；訂購；點(diǎn)酒菜等)inorder按順序；整齊；狀況良好outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障inordertodosth./that...目的是；為了keepgoodorder保持良好秩序placeanorderfor訂購……takeone’sorder記下顧客點(diǎn)的菜ordersb.todo...命令某人做……Shearrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.她早早到場，為了找個好位置。夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Iplacedanorderforanewspapertobedelivered(deliver)daily.②Ourheadteacher’sorderisthatourhomeworkbehanded(hand)inafterschool.(2)Themachineisoutoforderanddoesn’twork(出了故障，不工作了)．3stressn.壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)；緊張pressure；重要性emphasis；重音；vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize；使緊張；加壓力于press；用重音讀understress在壓力之下underthestressof在……壓力下lay/place/putstresson強(qiáng)調(diào)……stresstheimportanceof強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性Thespokesmanstressedthemeasuresdidnotamounttoanoverallban.該發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)這些措施并不等同于全面禁止。Katycouldthinkclearlywhennotunderstress.在沒有精神壓力的情況下凱蒂思路清晰。夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)Everydaywehavetofacenewchallengesandproblems.Actually，stressisn’tsuchabadthingasisoftensupposedtobe(壓力并不像常常認(rèn)為的那樣是一件那么糟糕的事情)．(2)同義句改寫Hestressedtheimportanceofagoodeducation.(用placestresson改寫句子)Heplacedstressonagoodeducation.4eq\x(contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；投稿)makeacontribution/contributionsto對……作出貢獻(xiàn)contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)給……contributeto是……的原因之一；有助于；導(dǎo)致；把時間投入到……Wouldyouliketomakeacontributiontothehospitalbuildingfund?你愿意為醫(yī)院建設(shè)基金捐款嗎？Hecontributedalotofgoodideastothediscussion.他在這次討論中提出很多好的想法。圖解助記夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)Hisprofoundlearningandsharpeyescontributedtothisnewdiscovery(是這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因之一)．(2)同義句改寫Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.(用result的短語改寫句子)Variousfactorsresultedinhisdownfall.5eq\x(conditionn.狀態(tài)，狀況；環(huán)境，境況；條件；疾病)in/under...conditions處于……情況下incondition身體好；狀態(tài)好outofcondition身體不好；狀態(tài)不佳onconditionthat...條件是……onnocondition決不ExpertsstronglywarnedthatthelivingconditionsontheMarsareveryhard.專家警告說，火星上的生活環(huán)境非常艱苦。 (2013·廣東·基礎(chǔ)寫作)TheMP4isingoodcondition，lookinglikethenewlyboughtone.這臺MP4狀況良好，就跟新買的一樣。 (2012·重慶·書面表達(dá))夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)語法填空①Thenearesthotelisingoodcondition.②OnnoconditiondoImakeanapologytohim.(2)Keepyourcaringoodcondition(讓你的車處于良好狀態(tài))anditwilldrivelong.eq\x(lookafter，bringup，beproudof，inconclusion，beatwar)1．In1920PolandandRussiawerestillatwar.2．Youshouldlearntolookafteryourself.3．Inconclusion，I’dliketothankyouforallyou’vedoneforme.4．Theboy，thoughbroughtupinthecountryside，hasastronginterestinthecolorfulcitylife.5．Shewasveryproudoftheresultsheachieved.1eq\x(beproudof為……感到驕傲takepridein)為……感到驕傲beproudtodosth.為……感到驕傲beproudthat...take/feelprideinasproudasapeacock驕傲如孔雀，非常驕傲Yourachievementsaresomethingtobeproudof.你的成就是值得驕傲的。Shewasproudthatherdaughterhadsomuchtalent.女兒這么有天賦令她喜不自勝。夯實基礎(chǔ)一句多譯她為能很好地完成一項工作而感到自豪。(1)Sheisproudofdoingajobwell.(beproudof)(2)Shefeels/takesprideindoingajobwell.(feel/takepridein)(3)Sheisproudtobeabletodoajobwell.(beproudtodosth.)(4)Sheisproudthatsheisabletodoajobwell.(beproudthat...)2eq\x(inconclusion總之；最后)arriveat/reach/eto/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論makeaconclusion下結(jié)論concludesth.with...就某事與某人達(dá)成協(xié)議；以……結(jié)束concludesth.from...從……推斷出……toconclude最后Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.總之，全世界的人都應(yīng)該意識到水短缺的真正形勢。 (2010·福建·書面表達(dá))Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?那么從這場辯論中我們能得出什么結(jié)論？夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying.(2)WhatcanweconcludefromStafford’sresearch?(3)Inconclusion，theauthorssaythatredheadshavenogreaterriskduringsurgerythantherestofthepopulation.1．Thereasonshegave(她給出的)wasnotreasonable.2．ThereasonwhyI’mlateisthat(我遲到的原因是)Imissedthebus.3．Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavevisited(這是我第一次參觀)theGreatWall.4．Therewasatimewhen(曾經(jīng)有那么一段時間)weneverneededtolockourhouseatnight.5．I’mnoricherthanyou(并不比你富有)．1Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.但那也是一個產(chǎn)生了許多哲學(xué)家的時期。eq\x(句型公式：Itwasatimewhen...)eq\x(atime表示“一段時間”，相當(dāng)于aperiodoftime，后接when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。,It/This/That/Therewasatimewhen...曾經(jīng)一度那時)Itwasatimewhenmotorcarswererare.那時汽車是很罕見的。IstillrememberatimewhenIlivedinGermany.我仍記得在德國住過的那一段時間。夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)語法填空TherewasatimewhenIlivedonthefarmhappily.(2)翻譯句子①她曾經(jīng)一度無法忍受病痛，想結(jié)束自己的生命。Itwasatimewhenshecouldnotbearthepainandwantedtokillherself.②他那時夢想著做一名宇航員。Itwasatimewhenhedreamedofbeinganastronaut.2Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為，人之所以不同于動物，是因為人性本善。eq\x(句型公式：Thereasonwhy...isthat...)reason常用句式：,thereason\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forsth./doingsth.is/wasthat...,why/forwhich...is/wasthat...,that/which＋定語從句＋is/wasthat...)),thereason后是用why或forwhich還是用that或which，取決于其在從句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which；缺少狀語用why或forwhich。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tewasthathewasill.他沒來的原因是他病了。That’sthereasonwhyshespoke.這就是她講話的原因。夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)TheonlyreasonwhyIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.(2)Thereasonforthepartyisthatit’sSue’sbirthday.(3)Isthisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(4)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.選詞填空eq\x(whom，where，which，when，who)(1)Themediatodaycandrawpublicattentiontosituationswherehelpisactuallyneeded.(2)Thedaysaregonewhenwestudiedtogether，butIcanstillrememberyourlovelyvoice.(3)Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.(4)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(5)Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Ⅰ.教材活用——根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面的短文ThereweremanygreatphilosophersinancientChina.Confucius,1.whowasbornin551BCanddiedin479BC，wasthe2.greatest(great)philosopher.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.3.HisideasaffectedChinesesocietyforover2,000years.Mencius，bornin372BC，wasastudentofConfucius’sideas.So，histeachingsweresimilarto4.thoseofConfucius.Hebelievedmanwasborngoodand5.thatpeopleweremoreimportantthanrulers.Hewroteabookinhislastyears6.named(name)TheBookofMencius.Mozi，whowasbornin476BCanddiedin390BC，wasalso7.aninfluentialphilosopher.Insomeways，hisideasweresimilartothoseofConfucius.8.Forexample，he9.thought(think)governmentwasthemostimportantthing.Mozibelievedallmenwere10.equal(equally)．DifferingfromConfucius，hestressedtheimportanceofkindness.MozifoundedMohism.Ⅱ.課外拓展——閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式W：1.CanItalktothemanager?M：Yes，I’mthemanager.2.WhatcanIdoforyou?W：I3.saw(see)your“HelpWanted”signinthewindow.Canyoutellmewhatthepositionis?M：Yes.We’re4.looking(look)foradishwasher.W：I’dliketo5.apply.M：Haveyouworkedas6.adishwasherbefore?W：No，Ihaven’t，butI’msureIcouldlearn7.quickly(quick)．M：Hmm.Weneedaperson8.who/thatcanoperatekitchenequipment.W：Well，Ihaven’toperatedkitchenequipmentbefore，butwithalittle9.training(train)，I’msureIcoulddoagoodjob.M：Okay.Here’sanapplicationform.Youcansitoverthere10.andfillitout.W：Thanksverymuch.Ⅰ.閱讀理解Farmers，especiallyindevelopingcountries，areoftencriticizedforcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.Researchersusingsatelliteimagesfoundatleasttenpercenttreecoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.Earlierestimatesweremuchlowerbutinplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunderestimatethetrueextentworldwide.ThestudyfoundthemosttreecoverinSouthAmerica.NextesAfricasouthoftheSahara，followedbySoutheastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheThestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplaintheamountoftreecoverindifferentareas.Norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations，meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople，andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights，marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.DennisGarrity，whoheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter，saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Theproblem，hesays，isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.Thesatelliteimagesmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor，buttreesprovidenuts，fruit，woodandotherproducts.Theyprovidewindbreaksandshadefromthesun.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought(干旱)conditions，treescanoftenprovidefoodandawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.Sometreesactasnaturalfertilizers.Theytakenitrogen(氮?dú)?outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanreducetheneedforchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree-fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide，agaslinkedtoclimatechange.1．Throughthestudy，theresearchersfoundthat.A．therearemoretreesonfarmlandsthanexpectedB．fewertreesarebeingcutindevelopingcountriesC．mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftreesD．treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)前兩段可推知，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，農(nóng)田的林木覆蓋率超過了人們的預(yù)期。2．Whichofthefollowinghastheleasttreecover?A．SoutheastB．WestC．SouthD．AfricasouthoftheSahara.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，南美地區(qū)林木覆蓋率最高，其次是撒哈拉以南的非洲，隨后是東南亞，而北非和西亞地區(qū)林木覆蓋率最低。3．InDennisGarrity’sopinion，.A．mostfarmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterestsB．thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtreesC．governmentplaysasmallroleintreeplantingandprotectionD．governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，DennisGarrity認(rèn)為農(nóng)民們正在自發(fā)保護(hù)和種植樹木，而問題出在政策制定者和計劃者身上，他們在認(rèn)識和支持這些努力方面比較滯后。因此，DennisGarrity認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)當(dāng)對農(nóng)民植樹和保護(hù)樹木的積極性給予支持和保護(hù)。4．Thesixthparagraphmainlytellsabout.A．howfarmersplanttreesB．whatproductstreescanbringC．theimportanceoftreestofarmersD．theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover答案C解析段落大意題。本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了樹木的經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)價值——可以給農(nóng)民帶來收益的同時，又可以防風(fēng)、避陽、保持水土，這些都是樹木對農(nóng)民的重要性。Ⅱ.閱讀填空1Peopleusemoneytobuyfood，furniture，books，bicyclesandhundredsofotherthingstheyneedorwant.Whentheywork，theyusuallygetpaidinmoney.Mostofthemoneytodayismadeofmetalorpaper.2Oneofthefirstkindsofmoneywasshells.Shellswerenottheonlythingsusedasmoney.InChina，clothandkniveswereused.InthePhilippineIslands，ricewasusedasmonkeyforalongtime.Elephanttusks，monkeytails，andsaltwereusedasmoneyinpartsofAfrica.ThefirstmetalcoinsweremadeinChina.Theywereroundandhadasquareholeinthecenter.3Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmetalsanddesignsfortheirmoney.4.SwedenandRussiausedcoppertomaketheirmoney.Latersomecountriesbegantomakecoinsofgoldandsilver.Butevengoldandsilverwereinconvenientifyouhadtobuysomethingexpensive.AgaintheChinesethoughtofawaytoimprovemoney.5Thefirstpapermoneylookedmorelikeanotefromonepersontoanotherthanthepapermoneyusedtoday.Moneyhashadaninterestinghistoryfromthedaysofshellmoneyuntiltoday.A．ThefirstcoinsinEnglandweremadeoftin(錫)．B．Butpeopleusedtouseallkindsofthingsasmoney.C．Nooneknowsforcertainwhenpeoplebegantousemoney.D．Peoplestrung(串聯(lián))themtighterandcarriedthemfromplacetoplace.E．Money，asweknow，isallmadeofpaper.F．Theybegantousepapermoney.G．Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgoodsandservices.答案1.G2.B3.D4.A5.FⅢ.語法填空Inmostcities,1.richorpoor，itisthelesswelloffthataremostatriskfromfloodsandnaturaldisasters.ItwasthepoorofNewOrleans，nearlya2.third(three)ofthepopulation，wholivedinthelowest-lyingpartsofthecityand3.suffered(suffer)mostfromKatrina’s(卡特里娜颶風(fēng))wrath(憤怒).4.Similarly(similar)，itwastheurbanpoorofHonduras(洪都拉斯)anditsneighborswhowerestruckhardest5.byHurricaneMitchin1998.Anditisthepeopleoftheslums(貧民窟)morewidelyinLatinAmerica6.that/whoaremostcapableofbeingattacked.Insomeplaces，toolittlewater，nottoomuch，istheproblem.China’sthirstforindustryand7.irrigation(irrigate)hasbinedwithclimatechangetodraintheaquifers(蓄水層)．DroughtsseemtobeevermorefrequentinnorthernChina，andsoutherncitiessuchasGuangzhouarealsoaffected.Riversaredryingup：theYellowRivernowflowstotheseaforonly8.afewweeksayear.Andtherain，whenites，isintenselyacid.Tomakematters9.worse(