現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講義-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用講解一、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用（一）現(xiàn)在分詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearingthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)好消息，他們都高興得跳起來(lái)。可以用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句替換：Whentheyheardthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.例句2：Standingonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.站在舞臺(tái)上，緊張感油然而生?？梢杂脮r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句替換：WhenIstoodonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：看著這些照片，往日記憶涌上心頭。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：_______________________________2.可以改為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeingthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind2.WhenIsawthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind.在強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用完成式：havingdoneeg:Havingeatenherlunch,thegirlrushedout.那女孩吃完了午飯就跑出去了.（先吃eat后跑出rushout)Havingthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.思考現(xiàn)狀一會(huì)兒后，Roy決定向Jane道歉。（先思考thought后決定decided)可用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句替換：Afterhehadthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：完成了漫長(zhǎng)的一天的工作，他感到極度疲憊________________________________2.用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句替換：________________________________【答案】1.Havingfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.2.Afterhehadfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.（二）現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)knowingwheretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue不知道該去哪里，他漫無(wú)目的地在綠樹(shù)成蔭的大道上漫步?？梢杂迷驙钫Z(yǔ)從句替換：Becausehedidn'tknowwgeretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue.2.Raininghard,wedecidedtostayathome.由于下大雨，我們覺(jué)得待在家里。用原因狀語(yǔ)從句替換：Becauseitrainedhard,wedecidedtostayathome.3.Snowingheavily,thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.由于下大雪，這對(duì)雙胞胎不得不步行回家。用原因狀語(yǔ)從句替換：Becauseitsnowedheavily，thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：由于不知如何辦是好,他去找老師幫忙。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)：______________________________2.用原因狀語(yǔ)從句：_______________________________【答案】Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.Becausehedidn'tknowwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)用法解析：①現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常常位于句尾②前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語(yǔ)表示前一事直接造成的結(jié)果。例句：1.Thesunisbeginningtorise,makingthevillagecoveredingoldenlight.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了，整個(gè)村莊沐浴在金光中2.Shethrowthebottleontheground,breakingitintopieces.她把瓶子扔在地上，摔成了碎片。仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：到處都是泥水，走動(dòng)很困難?！敬鸢浮縏hereismudandwatereverywhere,makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.四、現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)1.Workinghard,youwillmakeprogress.好好學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得進(jìn)步?？梢愿臑闂l件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeprogress.2.Turningtotheleft，youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)天空被染上了淡橙色。用條件狀語(yǔ)從句替換：Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：登上山頂，你會(huì)看到整個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)都被陽(yáng)光籠罩。1.用現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)：2.用條件狀語(yǔ)從句：【答案】1.Reachingthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.2.Ifyoureachthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.五、現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)1.Livingmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.盡管住在數(shù)英里之外，她仍然設(shè)法每天準(zhǔn)時(shí)上課。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Althoughshelivedmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.2.Workingsohard,hefailedagain.盡管他如此努力，他又一次失敗了。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Thoughheworkedsohard,hefailedagain.3.Feelingdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.盡管感到絕望，她假裝無(wú)事發(fā)生，像往常一樣去上班。轉(zhuǎn)換為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Thoughshefeelsdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)：盡管生病，他堅(jiān)持完成了比賽?！敬鸢浮?.Beingill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.2.Thoughhewasill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用（一）什么是“獨(dú)立主格”？2.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)（可與狀語(yǔ)從句替換）3.獨(dú)立主格由2部分組成：邏輯主語(yǔ)＋邏輯謂語(yǔ)5.邏輯謂語(yǔ)是：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞eg:【普通句】Asthesunrises,wesetout.當(dāng)太陽(yáng)升起，我們出發(fā)了。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Sunrising,wesetout.Sunrising是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞＋Ving形式構(gòu)成作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，修飾后面的句子。Sun和rising具有主動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。（二）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用邏輯主語(yǔ)＋不定式表示還未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)替換because從句eg:【普通句】Becauseshehasthreechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.由于有三個(gè)孩子需要照顧，她不得不辭了工作。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Threechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.eg.【普通句】Becausehisfriendsaregoingtoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.獨(dú)立主格：Hisfriendstoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他的朋友今晚要來(lái)，他正忙著準(zhǔn)備晚餐。邏輯主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞ing形式在句中可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，條件狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)替代對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之邀請(qǐng)信【普通句】Ifweatherpermits,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.如果天氣允許，明天我們?nèi)ブ参飯@吧。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Weatherpermitting,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.應(yīng)用文之旅行計(jì)劃介紹【普通句】Iftimepermits,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將在那里多待兩天。獨(dú)立主格：Timepermitting,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之感受描寫(xiě)【普通句】Hereyesbrimmedwithtearsandshecouldn'tutteraword.?她熱淚盈眶，說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Hereyesbrimmingwithtears,shecouldn'tutteraword.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之眼部動(dòng)作：【普通句】Thegirlwasstaringathimandhedidnotknowwhattosay.女孩兒盯著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么。獨(dú)立主格：Thegirlstaringathim,hedidnotknowwhattosay.邏輯主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞ed形式讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)【普通句】Janesatloneandputherheaddown.簡(jiǎn)獨(dú)自坐著，耷拉著頭。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Janesatalone,headdown.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之事件描寫(xiě)【普通句】Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們能為伯納德做更多的爆米花。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Moretimegiven,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.邏輯主語(yǔ)＋名詞主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明eg:【普通句】Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofwhomarecitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中許多人去世，其中大多數(shù)都是沒(méi)有自衛(wèi)能力的平民。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofthemcitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.邏輯主語(yǔ)＋形容詞/副詞應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之活動(dòng)介紹【普通句】Whenthespeechwasover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.當(dāng)演講結(jié)束，全場(chǎng)觀眾爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Thespeechover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.邏輯主語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之叢林冒險(xiǎn)【普通句】Hewentintothejungleandapasswasinhishand.他走進(jìn)叢林，手上拿著指南針。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):Hewentinto