高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空微專題強化練4：創(chuàng)新詞匯考法題：熟詞生義與派生詞

完形填空微專題強化練4創(chuàng)新詞匯考法題：熟詞生義與派生詞考情速遞：近幾年新高考全國卷完形填空試題中對熟詞生義的考查呈上升趨勢，考生在備考時要多加積累。熟詞生義一般分為兩種情況：1.詞源衍生義；2.生僻衍生義：指一個單詞的衍生義與熟知的義項聯(lián)系不大。另外，近幾年新高考完形填空試題也有意識地考查單詞的派生詞，如2023年新高考Ⅱ卷第53題。說明：加黑題目為創(chuàng)新詞匯考法對點題，解答時要格外關(guān)注。(2023·湖北重點中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)Attheageof41,Ifinallygottolivemychildhooddream.Igottospendanentire__1__aloneatanairport.Iwas__2__bymereminutes.Thenextplanewouldn’tbe__3__untilearlythenextmorning.Itookadvantageofmy“extravacationtime”andmademyown__4__.First,Ipassedthroughtherotunda(圓形大廳)，whichIhad__5__throughmanytimesbeforewithoutevertrulylookingatit.Then,Ifoundafashion__6__madebystudentsandtookmytimeappreciatingtheir__7__andhardwork.Late,Iwas__8__byafull－sizecopyofalargebrontosaurus(雷龍).Youwonderwhatthatbrontosaurusmighthavebeenthinkingaboutbeforeit__9__andhowitmighthavefeltaboutlivinginanairport.Youwonderwhatthe__10__mightlooklikeinthefuture.Iwavedtoallthesecuritycameras,hopingthattherewassomeone__11__ontheotherside,havingagoodlaugh.I__12__myairportadventurethatnight.Ithoughtlittleofthepostswhenmyflighttookoff.Bythetimemyplane__13__，theyweregoingviral.Asawriter,Iwouldhave__14__thistomakemehappy.ButIbegantofeeladeepsadness.Haseveryonegrownentirely__15__tothebeautyallaroundus?1.A.weekend B.nightC.day D.decade2.A.disappointed B.amusedC.early D.late3.A.arriving B.missingC.delaying D.waiting4.A.attempt B.decisionC.adventure D.journey5.A.wandered B.cycledC.rushed D.struggled6.A.trend B.displayC.collection D.decoration7.A.generosity B.distributionC.admiration D.talent8.A.greeted B.providedC.troubled D.served9.A.accumulated B.vanishedC.died D.appeared10.A.brontosaurus B.airportC.human D.world11.A.watching B.tremblingC.investigating D.blessing12.A.demonstrated B.copiedC.posted D.appreciated13.A.gaveoff B.toucheddownC.pickedup D.brokethrough14.A.preferred B.inspiredC.recommended D.expected15.A.blind B.accustomedC.addicted D.related(2023·南京六校聯(lián)合調(diào)研)EarlyoneSaturday,Iheadedtoa“sugardetox(戒糖)”seminaratmygym.Iwasthereonthe__1__orders.MarkHyman，amedicaldirector,hadadvisedthesugardetoxformeto__2__visceral(內(nèi)臟的)fat,whichhesaid“__3__awholerangeofdiseasesfromcancertoheartdisease，diabetesandAlzheimer’sdisease.”AsIstartedmydetox,unexpectedly,Hymanadvisedmeto__4__“morefat,becausefatmakesyoufeelfullandspeedsyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)，”whichIdidn’tknow.Thencameasecondsurprise：“Fat__5__helpsyouburnfat，”heexplained，__6__manyofthemythsI’dgrownupwith.Forthefirstseveraldays,frankly,mydetoxingwas__7__.Makingcertainfoods__8__mademewantthemmore.Icecream.Pasta.Chocolate.Evenwine,whichcontainsa__9__amountofsugar.Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending,andifIcheatedIfeltlikea(n)__10__.Iwaseasytogetannoyedandmoody.Butbydayfivethe__11__hadcooleddown.Istartedtoloseweight.BeforethedetoxIweighed166pounds.Twelveweekslater,I__12__anewlowadultweight：155.Mybloodtestlooksmuchbetter.Andasmybellyfathas__13__，Idofeelbetterandmoreenergetic.I’mnowinmyfourthmonthofthe__14__detox—Idon’twanttolivewithoutwineorsomesweets.IknowIcan’t__15__alladdedsugars,nomatterhowalarmedImaybe.Sugardetoxisworthtryingonthewhole.1.A.teacher’s B.friend’sC.father’s D.doctor’s2.A.lose B.gainC.find D.increase3.A.helps B.affectsC.heals D.damages4.A.remove B.addC.dismiss D.save5.A.hardly B.rarelyC.actually D.nearly6.A.supporting B.destroyingC.harming D.defending7.A.upsetting B.inspiringC.successful D.fascinating8.A.wasted B.hiddenC.consumed D.forbidden9.A.fair B.smallC.proper D.modest10.A.boss B.loserC.actor D.beggar11.A.interest B.passionC.desire D.curiosity12.A.met B.hitC.knew D.found13.A.varied B.increasedC.reduced D.disappeared14.A.flexible B.rigidC.strict D.serious15.A.include B.avoidC.neglect D.escape(2023·武漢高三調(diào)研)WhenIwas14,Iinvitedsomefriendsforapartyatourhomeoutinthecountry.Iplanneditwell,butsomething__1__happened.Whenitwastimeforustoridethebus,Nora,oneofmyfriends,didn’t__2__.Ifelt__3__.Whywouldshetellmeshe’dcometothepartyandthen__4__withoutlettingmeknow?So,IdecidedtocallNoraandgetsome__5__.IneedednoapologiesbutIdemandedtoknowwhy.Nora__6__shehadtostayawayfromschoolbecauseshewassick.AngerstillseizedmeandI__7__tolisten，“Whatkindoffriendareyou？”Norabegancryingonthephone,hurtandsurprised.Fortherestoftheschoolyear,we__8__hungaroundagain,andIforgotaboutmy__9__callwithNora.__10__hadhappenedbetweenusatsomepoint,butIshrugged(聳肩)itoff.Yearslater,Ibegantoreflectonthatuglyphoneconversation.I__11__it.Irecognizedhowselfish,and__12__I’dbeen,caringonlyaboutmyself.Iwantedtomakethings__13__.IcomposedanapologylettertoNoraandsoongother__14__.Sofinally,wedidbringasadmomentfromthepasttoa__15__conclusion,healingbothofus.1.A.unexpected B.unprovenC.unfair D.unsure2.A.takeover B.showoffC.turnup D.setout3.A.guilty B.madC.embarrassed D.skeptical4.A.reachout B.stepforwardC.lookaway D.backout5.A.answers B.comfortC.excuses D.company6.A.explained B.announcedC.predicted D.complained7.A.attempted B.intendedC.refused D.pretended8.A.merely B.barelyC.regularly D.frequently9.A.urgent B.formalC.random D.hurtful10.A.Quarrel B.FriendshipC.Tolerance D.Disagreement11.A.regretted B.ignoredC.remembered D.honored12.A.self－disciplined B.self－centeredC.self－respected D.self－contained13.A.accessible B.easyC.right D.valuable14.A.decision B.sympathyC.information D.forgiveness15.A.serious B.strangeC.healthy D.natural參考答案eq\x(A)【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者因錯過航班而獨自待在機場過夜的一次經(jīng)歷。作者把這個晚上當(dāng)作一次冒險經(jīng)歷，并在此期間發(fā)現(xiàn)了之前從未發(fā)現(xiàn)的美。1.B[根據(jù)下文的“Thenextplane...thenextmorning.”和語境可知，作者在機場過夜了。下文中的“adventurethatnight”亦是提示。]2.D[根據(jù)語境和常識可知，此處是指作者遲到了幾分鐘，錯過了航班。]3.A[根據(jù)語境和常識可知，此處是指下一班飛機第二天一大早才到達(dá)。]4.C[根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“Imyairportadventurethatnight”可知，作者把這次因錯過航班而獨自待在機場的這個晚上當(dāng)作一次冒險經(jīng)歷。]5.C[根據(jù)語境和下文的“withoutevertrulylookingatit”可知，以前，作者經(jīng)過圓形大廳時都是匆匆而過。]6.B[根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指機場大廳里有學(xué)生制作的時尚展覽。]7.D[根據(jù)語境和常識可知，此處是指作者花時間欣賞學(xué)生制作的時尚展覽，這些展覽展示的是他們的才華和努力。]8.A[本題考查熟詞生義。根據(jù)下文的“afull－sizecopyofalargebrontosaurus(雷龍)”可知，作者在機場閑逛，隨之映入作者眼簾的是一個雷龍的復(fù)制品。greet的常見義為“打招乎”，此處意為“映入……的眼簾”。]9.C[根據(jù)上文的“whatthatbrontosaurusmighthavebeenthinkingabout”和常識可知，作者見到雷龍復(fù)制品后產(chǎn)生了無限遐想。他想你會好奇雷龍在死亡之前會想什么。]10.D[根據(jù)上文的“Youwonderwhat...livinginanairport”可知，此處表示你想知道未來世界是什么樣子。]11.A[根據(jù)上文的“thesecuritycameras”可知，此處是指希望監(jiān)控錄像機外有人在觀看。]12.C[根據(jù)下文的“Ithoughtlittleofthepostswhenmyflighttookoff.”可知，作者把那晚在機場的經(jīng)歷發(fā)布了出去。]13.B[根據(jù)上文的“whenmyflighttookoff”可推知，此處是指在作者的飛機著陸之前，它們在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上迅速傳播。touchdown“著陸”。]14.D[根據(jù)語境和空后一句可知，作者作為寫這些帖子的人原本期待這能讓他快樂。]15.A[本題考查熟詞生義。根據(jù)上文的“Ibegantofeeladeepsadness”和作者此次的經(jīng)歷可知，作者在感嘆人們對周圍的美視而不見。blind的基本義為“瞎的，失明的”，此處意為“視而不見的；沒有覺察到的”。]eq\x(B)【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。作者講述了自己根據(jù)醫(yī)生的建議戒糖的經(jīng)歷。1.D[根據(jù)下文的“MarkHyman，amedicaldirector，hadadvisedthesugardetoxforme”可知，醫(yī)學(xué)主任MarkHyman建議作者戒糖。由此可推斷，作者是遵照醫(yī)生的命令去健身房參加“戒糖”研討會的。]2.A[根據(jù)常識并結(jié)合后面的“awholerangeofdiseasesfromcancertoheartdisease，diabetesandAlzheimer’sdisease”可知，該處指醫(yī)生建議作者戒糖以減掉內(nèi)臟的脂肪。]3.B[該處指醫(yī)生認(rèn)為內(nèi)臟的脂肪對從癌癥到心臟病、糖尿病和阿爾茨海默病等一系列疾病有影響。]4.B[根據(jù)后面的“becausefatmakesyoufeelfullandspeedsyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)”并結(jié)合前面的unexpectedly和常識可知，此處指出乎意料的是Hyman建議作者增加更多的脂肪。]5.C[此處指Hyman說脂肪實際上可以幫助燃燒脂肪。]6.B[根據(jù)上文的unexpectedly并結(jié)合空后的“manyofthemythsI’dgrownupwith”可知，該處指這打破了作者從小至今的許多錯誤認(rèn)識。]7.A[根據(jù)空前的“Forthefirstseveraldays，frankly”并結(jié)合空后的“Makingcertainfoodsmademewantthemmore”可知，作者最開始幾天的戒糖過程是令人苦惱的。A項“令人苦惱的”；B項“鼓舞人心的”；C項“成功的”；D項“迷人的”。]8.D[根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述的是作者戒糖的過程，由此可知，此處表示禁糖，該空應(yīng)填forbidden。]9.A[本題考查熟詞生義。fair的常見義為“公平的”，此處意為“相當(dāng)多”。]10.B[上文中的“Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending”表明，作者對糖的渴望非常強烈而且似乎永無止境；下文中的“Iwaseasytogetannoyedandmoody.”提到作者很容易生氣和心情郁悶。由此可知，此處指如果作者作弊，就會覺得自己是個失敗者。]11.C[上文的“Mydesireforsugarwasintenseandseemednever－ending”是解題的關(guān)鍵，指的是在開始戒糖的前幾天，作者對糖的渴望非常強烈而且似乎永無止境；根據(jù)本句中的“Butbydayfive”可知，到了第五天的時候事情發(fā)生了變化，作者的這種渴望已經(jīng)冷卻下來了，由此可知，該處應(yīng)填desire。]12.B[本題考查熟詞生義。此處指在戒糖之前，作者的體重是166磅；12周之后，作者的體重達(dá)到了成人體重的新低——155磅。動詞hit的常見義為“打擊”，在此表示“達(dá)到(某一水平或數(shù)量)”。]13.C[根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者已成功減肥。由此可推知，作者的腹部脂肪減少了。]14.A[根據(jù)下文的“don’twanttolivewithoutwineorsomesweets”可知，作者不想生活中完全沒有酒和甜食。由此可知，此處指作者在戒糖的第四個月進(jìn)入了彈性戒糖階段。]15.B[根據(jù)上句內(nèi)容可推知，此處指作者不能完全避免添加糖的食物。]eq\x(C)【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。作者因為朋友失約而感到非常生氣。多年之后，作者對自己當(dāng)年的行為感到后悔，于是寫信向朋友道歉，二人也因此重修舊好。1.A[本題考查否定前綴un－。but前后形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)空前的“Iplanneditwell”可知，后面應(yīng)該是發(fā)生了一些意想不到的事情。]2.C[根據(jù)下文中的“Whywouldshetellmeshe’dcometotheparty...butIdemandedtoknowwhy.”可以推測，原本答應(yīng)來派對的Nora沒有出現(xiàn)。]3.B[根據(jù)常識和下文中的“Angerstillseizedme”可知，作者為此感到很生氣。]4.D