2023年考研外語(yǔ)押題預(yù)測(cè)卷7

考研外語(yǔ)押題預(yù)測(cè)卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1>Canearthquakebepredicted?Scientistsare(1)

programstopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur.

Theyhopeto(2)anearlywarningsystemthatcanbeused

to(3)earth-quakessothatlivescanbesaved.The

scientistswhoare(4)thisworkiscalledseismologists.

Thewordseismologistis(5)fromtheGreekwordseismos,

meaningearthquake.

Earthquakesarethemostdangerousand(6)ofallnatural

events.Theyoccurinmanypartsoftheworld.Giantearthquakes

havebeen(7)inIran,China,India,Alaska,andsoon.

Twoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecorded(8)

inChinaandAlaska,whichmeasuredabout8.5ontheRichter

Scale.TheRichterScalewas(9)byCharlesRichterin1935,

andcomparestheenergy(10)ofearthquakes.Anearthquake

thatmeasuresa2onthescalecanbefeltbutcauses(11)

damage.Onethatmeasures4.5onthescalecancauseslight

damage,andanearth-quakethathasareadingofover7cancause

(12)damage.Itisimportanttonotethatareadingof4

indicatesaquaketentimesasstrongasonewithareadingof

3.Howdoearthquakesoccur?Earthquakesarecausedbythe

shiftingofrocksalongcracks,orfaults,intheearth'scrust.

The(13)isproducedwhenrocksneareachotherarepulled

(14)differentdirections.

Earthquake(15)isinitsinfancy.Scientistshaveonly

a(16)understandingofthephysical(17)thatcause

earthquakes.Muchmoreresearchhastobedone.Newandmore

up-to-date(18)havetobefoundforcollectingearthquake

dataandanalyzingit.(19),seismologistshavehadsome

successinpredictingearthquakes.Severalsmallearthquakes

werepredicted.Whilethisisasmallstart,itis(20)

abeginning.

A.workingfor

B.workingon

C.takingon

D.takingfor

2、(2)

A.develop

B.produce

C.learn

D.discover

3、(3)

A.prevent

B.protect

C.forecast

D.influence

4、(4)

A.indulgedin

B.takenin

C.interestedin

D.involvedin

5、⑸

A.got

B.passed

C.obtained

D.derived

6、(6)

A.dead

B.deadly

C.fatal

D.mortal

7、(7)

A.recorded

3

B.occurred

C.predicted

D.measured

8、(8)

A.tookup

B.tookon

C.tookoff

D.tookplace

9、(9)

A.devised

B.revised

C.advised

D.advertised

10、(10)

A.level

B.grade

C.strength

D.standard

11、(11)

A.few

B.little

C.much

工4

D.no

12、(12)

A.major

B.minor

C.extreme

D.unknown

13、(13)

A.rock

B.earthquake

C.fault

D.crust

14、(14)

A.in

B.on

C.by

D.with

15、(15)

A.reporting

B.measuring

C.recording

D.prediction

16、(16)

5

A.complete

B.partial

C.deep

D.profound

17、(17)

A.processes

B.procedures

C.proceedings

D.processions

18、(18)

A.modes

B.manners

C.methods

D.routines

19、(19)

A.Furthermore

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.However

20、(20)

A.still

B.just

目6

C.also

D.instead

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.Ifindquiteasmuchmaterial

foralectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailed,asinthose

whereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingrulefor

thelawyer,asfortheman,ofeveryothercalling,isdiligence.

Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverlet

yourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusiness

youhaveinhand,beforestopping,doallthelaborrelatedto

itwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuit,

ifyouhavethefactsfordoingso,writethedeclarationat

once.Ifalawpointbeinvolved,examinethebooksandnote

theauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitself,whereyouare

suretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobe

litigated,一ordinarycollectioncases,partitions,andthe

1ike一makeallexaminationsoftitles,notethemandevendraft

ordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatriple

advantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglect,savesyourlabor,

whenoncedone,performsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhave

leisure,ratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneous

speakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer's

avenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybein

otherrespects,peopleareslowbringinghimbusiness,ifhe

cannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerror

toyounglawyers,thanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifany

one,uponhisrarepowersofspeaking,shallclaimexemption

fromtheexhaustingworkofthelaw,hiscaseisafailurein

advance.

Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromise

wheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinneris

oftenarealloser—infees,andexpenses,andwasteoftime.

Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeing

agoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough.

Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthan

onewhodoesthis.Whocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewho

habituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefects

intitles,whereontostirupstrife,andputmoneyinhispocket?

Amoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofession,which

shoulddrivesuchmenoutofit.

Howdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

不_____Q

q8

A.Heisgoodatspontaneousspeaking.

B.Heisanexcellentandmorallawyer.

C.Heworksveryhardtowinthesuit.

D.Hehasnotonlyexperiencedsuccessbutalsofailure.

2、

Accordingtothepassage,thelawyershould

A.makethoroughpreparationsinordertogetmorebusiness.

B.practiceanddependonspeechmakingtobecomeanexcellent

lawyer.

C.writethedeclarationatoncewhenhehasenoughfacts,

dealingwithordinarycases.

D.examinethelawbookanddocumenttheresourceofauthority

whenconcerningalawpoint.

3、

Bysaying"thenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser”(Paragraph

2),theauthormeans

A.manlosessomepracticalthingsdespitethewiningofasuit.

B.manneedstocaremoreabouttheexpenseofasuit.

C.thefameisnotimportantforaperson.

D.itdoesnotmattertoloseasuit.

4、

Themostviciouslawyersarethosewho

A.arecarelessandmakemistakesinthecourt.

B.drawpeopleintoalawsuitinordertoearnmoney.

C.arenotpeacemakerswhendisputesappearamongneighbors.

D.cannothelpwinningthecasewhenpeoplepayalotofmoney.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwantsto

A.criticizetheviciouslawyers.

B.recallhisownlifeasalawyer.

C.giveadvicetoyounglawyers.

D.inform,thereadershow-toselectalawyer.

6、SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleofthetworecentwavesof

infection,becauseitpropagateditselfbye-mail,meaningthat

victimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffective

thatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotected

byanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthe

virusspreadthatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessages

fromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthat,onecommon

counter-measurebackfired,increasingtrafficstillfurthers.

Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesender

ofaninfectede-mail,sayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannot

bedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasableto

spoofthissystemby“harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromthe

harddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswere

thensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookas

thoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatter

werethussentwarnings,eventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothave

beeninfected.

KevinHaleyofSymantec,afirmthatmakesanti-virussoftware,

thinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethan

othervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetterat

searchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKing,ofCERT,an

internet-securitycenteratCarnegie-MellonUniversityin

Pittsburgh,notethat,unlikeitsprecursors,SoBig.Fwas

capableof"multi-threading”:itcouldsendmultiplee-mails

simultaneously,allowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.

Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremote

procedurecall”.Inotherword,thatmeansitattackedapiece

ofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft(sWindowsoperatingsystemto

allowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthat

softwaretousetoomuchmemory.

Mostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystem,

butwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseof

humor,sincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhich

userscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindows

thatthewormitselfwasexploiting.

OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesign

afairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerable

machinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseems

tohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.However,

accordingtoMr.Haley,Welchihascausedalmostasmany

problemsasBlasteritself,byoverwhelmingnetworkswith

“pings”—signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofother

computers.

Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparent

objectivesoftheirauthors,theystillcauseddamage.For

instance,theyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputer

networks,includingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroom,

andtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSX,afreightcompany

onAmerica，seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitis

onlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusis

unleashed.

SoBig.Fdamagedcomputerprogramsmainlyby

A.sendingthemanoverpoweringnumberofmessages.

B.harvestingtheaddressesstoredinthecomputers.

C.infectingthecomputerswithaninvisiblevirus.

D.destroyingtheanti-virussoftwareofthecomputers.

7、

Thewordz，doctoredz/(Paragraph1)probablymeans

A.curedadisease.

B.diagnosedavirus.

C.becameadoctor.

D.changedtodeceive.

8、

ComparedwithSoBig.F.Blasterwasavirusthatwas.

A.moredestructive

B.morehumorous

C.lessvulnerable

D.lessnoticeable

9、

WelearnfromthepassagethatWeIchiis

A.awickedwormcausingasmanydamagesasBlasterdid.

B.aprogramdesignedbyHaleytodetectwormslikeBlaster.

C.aprogramintendedtofixtheinfectedmachines.

D.awormmeanttodefeattheviruswith“pings”.

10、

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Computerscientistsarequitoptimisticabouttheexisting

anti-virusprograms.

B.Computerscientistsarelookingforwardtothecoming

anti-virusprograms.

C.Computerscientistsconsidertheexistingvirusesnotthe

reallydestructiveones.

D.Computerscientistsregardthecomingvirusesasthereally

destructiveones.

11、OfallthetruthsthatthisgenerationofAmericanshold

self-evident,fewaremoredeeplyembeddedinthenational

psychethanthemaxim"Itpaystogotocollege.，zSincetheGI

BilltransformedhighereducationintheaftermathofWWII,a

collegediploma,onceabirthrightoftheleisuredfew,has

becomeanattractionfortheupwardlymobile,asintegralto

theAmericandreamasthepursuitofhappinessitself.The

numberstellthestory:in1950s,43%ofhigh-schoolgraduates

wentontopursuesomeform,ofhighereducation;atthesame

time,only6%ofAmericanswerecollegegraduates.Butby1998,

almost2tooutof3secondary-schoolgraduateswereoptingfor

highereducation一and21%ofamuchlargerU.S.populationhad

collegediplomas.AsProf.HerbertLondonofNewYork

UniversitytoldacommencementaudiencelastJune:"thecollege

experiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpassage.

However,astheclassof2022issopainfullydiscovering,while

acollegediplomaremainsarequisitecredentialforascending

theeconomicladder,itnolongerguaranteesthegoodlife.

RarelysincetheendoftheGreatDepressionhasthejoboutlook

forcollegegraduatesappearedsobleak:ofthe1.1million

studentswhoreceivedtheirbachelordegreeslastspring,fewer

than20%hadlinedupful1-timeemploymentbycommencement.

Indeed,anuncertainjobmarkethasprecipitatedawaveof

economicfearandtremblingamongtheyoung."Manyofmy

classmatesareabsolutelyterrified,，zsaysoneofthefortunate

fewwhodidmanagetolandapermanentposition."Theywonder

ifthey'11everfindajob.”

Someofthisrecession-inducedanxietywilldisappearifa

recoveryfinallybeginstogeneratejobsatwhateconomists

consideranormalrate.Butthesadfactisthatforthe

foreseeablefuture,collegegraduateswillinconsiderable

surplus,enablingemployerstorequireadegreeevenforjobs

forwhichacollegeeducationisreallyunnecessary.According

toKristinaShelleyoftheBureauofLaborStatistics一who

basesherestimateona，zmoderateprojection“ofcurrent

trends-30per-centofcollegegraduatesenteringthelabor

tOrcebetweennowandtheyear2022willbeunemployedorwill

findemploymentinjobsforwhichtheywillbeoverqualified,

joiningwhateconomistscallthe''educationally

underutilized.

Indeed,itmaybequiteawhile一ifever一beforethoseworking

temporarilyascocktailwaitressesortaxidriverswillbeable

topursuetheirprimary,careerpaths.Ofcoursewaitingon

tablesandbustlingcabfaresarerespectablewaystoearna

living.ButtheyarenotquitewhatsomanyyoungAmericans一and

theirparents一hadinmindastheendproductoffourexpensive

yearsincollege.

Towhichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragree?

A.Acollegediplomausedtobetheprivilegeoftherich.

B.AcollegediplomahelpsonelorealizehisAmericandream.

C.Collegegraduatescaneasilygetpermanentpositions.

D.Collegegraduatesareoptimisticabouttheircareerinthe

future.

12、

Thefiguresinthefirstparagrapharecitedtoshowthatnow

A.collegegraduatesaresurplus.

B.collegediplomasarenecessarytogoupwardinthesociety.

C.collegediplomasarerequisitecredentialsforgetting

goodjobs.

D.moreandmoreyoungpeopleintheU.S.gotocollege.

13、

Whatdoesthesentence"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefrom

aritepassagetoarightofpas-sage”(Lastline,Paragraph

1)mean?

A.Goingtocollegeisnecessary.

B.Goingtocollegehasbecomeordinary.

C.Goingtocollegeisacivilright.

D.Goingtocollegeisexpensive.

14、

Accordingtothepassage,whatcauseseducationally

underutilizing?

A.Collegegraduatesaremorethanthesocietyneeds.

B.It'sfashionabletobewaitressesortaxidrivers.

C.Peoplerespectthosewhooncedidphysicalwork.

D.Thepaymenttoblue-collarworkersismuchhigherthanthat

towhite-collaremployees.

15、

Theauthortriestoconvinceusthat

A.collegeeducationpavesthewayforfuturesuccess.

B.highereducationfacesanunforeseeablefuture.

C.acollegediplomaisthenecessarycredentialforbetter

jobs.

D.thepurelyeconomicreasonforcollegeisnotascompelling

asitoncewas.

16、Therecent,apparentlysuccessfulpredictionby

mathematicalmodelsofanappearanceofElNino一thewarmocean

currentthatperiodicallydevelopsalongthePacificcoastof

SouthAmerica一hasexcitedresearchers.JacobBlerkness

pointedoutover20yearsagohowwindsmightcreateeither

abnormallywarmorabnormallycoldwaterintheeastern

equatorialPacific.Nonetheless,untilthedevelopmentofthe

modelsnoonecouldexplainwhyconditionsshouldregularly

shiftfromonetotheother,ashappensintheperiodic

oscillationsbetweenappearanceofthewarmElNinoandthecold

so-calledanti-ElNino.Theanswer,alleastifthecurrent

modelthatlinksthebehavior,oftheoceantothatofthe

atmosphereiscorrect,istobefoundintheocean.

IthaslongbeenknownthatduringanElNino,twoconditions

exist:(1)unusuallywarmwaterextendsalongtheeastern

Pacific,principallyalongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeru,and

(2)windsblowfromthewestintothewarmerairrisingover

thewarmwaterintheeast.Thesewindstendtocreateafeedback

mechanismbydrivingthewarmersurfacewaterintoa"pile"that

blocksthenormalupwellingofdeeper,coldwaterintheeast

andfurtherwarmstheeasternwater,thusstrengtheningthe

windstillmore.Thecontributionofthemodelistoshowthat

thewindsofanElNino,whichraisesealevelintheeast,

simultaneouslysendasignaltothewestloweringsealevel.

Accordingtothemodel,thatsignalisgeneratedasanegative

Rossbywave,awaveofdepressed,ornegative,sealevelthat

moveswestwardparalleltotheequatorat25to85kilometers

perday.TakingmonthstotraversethePacific,Rossbywaves

marchtothewesternboundaryofthePacificbasin,whichis

modeledasasmoothwallbutinrealityconsistsofquite

irregularislandchains,suchasthePhilippinesandIndonesia.

Whenthewavesmeetthewesternboundary,theyarereflected,

andthemodelpredictsthatRossbywaveswillbebrokeninto

numerouscoastalKelvinwavescarryingthesamenegative

sea-levelsignal.Theseeventuallyshoottowardtheequator,

andthenheadeastwardalongtheequatorpropelledbythe

rotationoftheEarthataspeedofabout250kilometersper

day.WhenenoughKelvinwavesofsufficientamplitudearrive

fromthewesternPacific,theirnegativesea-levelsignal

overcomesthefeedbackmechanismtendingtoraisethesealevel,

andtheybegintodrivethesystemintotheoppositecoldmode.

Thisproducesagradualshiftinwinds,onethatwilleventually

sendpositivesea-levelRossbywaveswestward,wavesthatwill

eventuallyreturnascoldcycle-endingpositiveKelvinwaves

beginninganotherwarmingcycle.

OnecharacteristicoftheElNinois

A.coldcoastalwaternearPeru.

B.windsblowingfromthewest.

C.randomoccurrence.

D.worldwideeffects.

17、

Whichofthefollowingwouldmostseriouslyunderminethe

validityofthemodelofElNinomentioned?

A.DuringsomeyearsElNinoextendssignificantlyfarther

alongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeruthanduringotheryears.

B.Duringperiodsofunusuallycooltemperaturealongthe

easternPacific,anElNinoismuchcolderthannormal.

C.ThevariationsinthetimeittakesRossbywavestocross

thePacificdependonthepowerofthewindsthatthewaves

encounter.

D.ThewesternboundaryofthePacificbasinissoirregular

thatithindersmostcoastalKelvinwavesfromheadingeastward.

18、

Accordingtothemodel,whatnormallysignalsthe

disappearanceofanElNino?

A.ThearrivalintheeasternPacificofnegativesea-level

Kelvinwaves.

B.AnincreaseinthespeedatwhichnegativeRossbywaves

crossthePacific.

C.Ashiftinthedirectionofthewindsproducedbythestart

ofananti-ElNinoelsewhereinthePacific.

D.ThereflectionofKelvinwavesaftertheyreachtheeastern

boundaryofthePacific,alongEcuadorandPeru.

19、

Itcanbeconcludedthatduringananti-ElNinothe

faster-movingsignalwavesare

A.negativeRossbywavesmovingeastalongtheequator.

B.positiveRossbywavesmovingwestalongtheequator.

C.positiveKelvinwavesmovingeastalongtheequator.

D.positiveKelvinwavesmovingwestalongtheequator.

20、

Thepassagefunctionsasan

A.introductiontoanewexplanationofaphysicalphenomenon.

B.explanationofthedifferencebetweentworelatedphysical

phenomena.

C.illustrationofthelimitationsofapplyingmathematicsto

complicatedphysicalphenomena.

D.indicationofthedirectionthatresearchintoaparticular

physicalphenomenonshouldtake.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D>E、F、G....)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Globalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990s,inthelasttwo

decades,theamountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountries

hasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametime,tradebarriers

acrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.Sohowclosearewetoa

trueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohave?

Anyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrol

nationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe

“tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyear,thevalueoftheir

currenciesplummeted,afterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomic

policieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissuffering

slowergrowth,lower1ivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.

ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfrom

individualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheory,governments

arefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;(41).

Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly

1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangerates,setupafter

WorldWarII,wasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueof

currencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadof

individualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecades,countries

slowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.(42).

Otherfactorscontributingtotheriseofglobalizationarenew

communicationstechnologies,andbettertransportation

systems,thesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowinto

multinationals一producinggoodsononesideoftheplanetand

sellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelped一the

priceoftelephonecalls,forinstance,ischeapernowthanat

anytimeinhistory.

Butadjustingtothisnew,'economicorder"isprovingdifficult.

Inthedevelopedworld,andinparticulartheEuropeanUnion,

globalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Critics

complainthat,withouttheprotectionoftradebarriers,jobs

arebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountries,andwagesfor

employeesinrichcountriesarefalling.Opponentsinthe

EuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashad

intheUSandBritain.Inthosecountries,wagesare

stagnant—exceptforaprivilegedfew-andtaxesandwelfare

benefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewith

industriesinthedevelopingworld.

(43).

Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeing

short-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegrated

globaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwill

enablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswherethey

perform,best.Developingcountries,withtheirhigher

populationsandlowerwages,willconcentrateon

labor-intensiveindustries,suchasrawmaterials

manufacturing,inmuchthesamewayasWesterncountriesdid

duringtheindustrialrevolution.

(44).

Theeffectofthis,saysupporters,willbetoimprove

productivityinallcountries,leadingtohigherliving

standards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorer

countriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiverolein

theworldeconomy.

(45).

Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy?Forthelosers,

probablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegration,

thereisstillalongwaytogo.

A.Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledge,however,that

therewillbelosers.Atpresent,thosesufferingmostare

peopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedeveloped

world.Already,theyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfalling

wages,ascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersin

developingcountries.Theyarguethat,withoutt